6. Deinde regnum Pris- 6. Then Priscus Tarquinius cus Tarquinius accepit. Hic get the kingdom. He doubled numerum senatorum dupli- the number of the senators; cavit; Circum Romæ ædifi- built a Circus at Rome, instituted cavit; ludos Romanos insti- the Roman games, which continue tuit, qui ad nostram me- to our times. The same prince moriam permanent. Vicit likewise conquered the Sabines; idem etiam Sabinos; et non and added to the territory of the parum agrorum, sublatum city of Rome not a little land, iisdem, urbis Romæ terri- which he had taken from the torio adjunxit; primusque same; and first entered the city in triumphans urbem int ravit. triumph. He made the walls Muros fecit et cloacas; Cloaca; he began the capitol. Capitolium inchoavit. Tri- He was slain by the sons of gesimo octavo imperii anno Ancus, that king whom he had per Anci filios occisus est, succeeded, in the 38th year of regis ejus cui ipse successerat. his reign.

the

7. Post hunc Servius Tul- 7. After him Servius Tullius lius suscepit imperium, ge- took upon him the government, nitus ex nobili fœmina, cap- born of a noble woman, but yet tiva tamen & ancilla. Hic a captive and a maid servant. quoque Sabinos subegit, He too subdued the Sabines, montes tres, Quirinalem, added three mountains, Viminalem, Esquilinum ur- Quirinal, Viminal, & Esquiline, bi adjunxit, fossas circum to the city, and drew ditches murum duxit. Primus om- round the wall. He likewise nium Censum ordinavit qui first instituted the Census, which adhuc per orbem terrarum had been as yet unknown in the incognitus erat. Sub eo Ro- world. Under him all people ma, omnibus in censum dela- being brought under this Census, tis, habuit capitum lxxxiv. Rome had eighty four thousand millia civium Romanorum, heads of Roman citizens, with cum his qui in agris erant. those that were in the country. Occisus est 45 imperii anno, He was slain in the 45th year of scelere generi sui Tarquinii his reign, by the villany of his superbi, filii ejus regis cui ip- son-in-law, Tarquin the proud, se successerat, & filiæ suæ the son of that king whom he had quam Tarquinius habebat succeeded, and of his own daughter, whom Tarquin had to wife. 8. Lucius Tarquinius su- 8. Lucius Tarquinius the perbus, septimus atque ul- proud, the seventh and last of the

uxorem.

timus regum, Volscos (quæ kings, conquered the Volscians gens ad Campaniam eunti- (which nation is not far from bus non longe ab urbe est) the city as you go to Campania) vicit, Gabios civitatem, & be reduced the city Gabii and Suessam Pomesiam subegit; Suessa Pometia; made a peace cum Thuscis pacem fecit with the Thuscans and built a & templum Jovi in Capito- temple to Jupiter in the Capitol. lio ædificavit. Postea Ar- Afterwards as he was attacking deam oppugnans, in octavo- Ardea, a city situated at the disdecimo milliario ab urbe tance of 18 miles from the city positam civitatem, impe- Rome, he lost his kingdom. For rium perdidit. Nam cum when his son Tarquin the youngfilius ejus, ipse Tarquinius er had ravished the wife of a junior, nobilissimi Collatini very noble person, Collatinus, uxorem stuprasset, eaque de and she had complained of the ininjuria marito et patri et jury to her husband and father amicis questa fuisset, in om- and friends, she killed herself in nium conspectu se occidit; the sight of them all; for which propter quam causam Bru- reason Brutus her father and tus parens & ipse Collatinus Collatinus raised the people, and populum concitàvit, & Tar- took the kingdom from Tarquin. quinio ademit imperium. Presently his army too, who were Mox exercitus quoque eum, attacking the city Ardea with the qui civitatem Ardeam cum king, deserted him; and the king ipso rege oppugnabat, re- upon coming to the city Rome liquit ; veniensque ad urbem was excluded, the gates being shut rex portis clausis exclusus against him. And after he had est. Cumque imperasset an- reigned 25 years, he was banishnos viginti quinque, cum ux- ed with his wife and children. ore & liberis suis fugit. Ita Thus kingly government obtained Romæ regnatum est per at Rome for the time of seven septem reges annis ducentis kings, and two hundred and forquadraginta tribus, cum ad- ty three years, whilst Rome as huc Roma, ubi plurimum, yet, where it had most, hardly vix usque ad quintum deci- possessed a territory extending mum milliarium possideret. as far as the 15th mile.

9. Hinc consules cœpere 9. Upon this two Consuls bepro uno rege duo hac causa gan to be made instead of one creari; ut si unus malus esse king, for this reason; that if one voluisset, alter eum, habens had a mind to be wicked the potestatem similem, coerce- other having the like authority,

ret.

Et placuit, ne imperi- might restrain him. And it was

um longius quam annum thought fit they should hold their haberent, ne per diuturni- power no longer than for a year, tatem potestatis insolentio- lest they should be rendered insolent res redderentur, sed civiles by the long continuance of their ausemper essent, qui se post thority, but should be always modannum scirent futuros esse erate, who knew that they should privatos. Fuerunt igitur an- be private persons after a year. no prim, expulsis regibus, Wherefore in the first year after consules Lucius Junius Bru- the Tarquins were banished, L. tus, qui maxime egerat, ut Junius Brutus, who had particTarquinius pelleretur, & ularly exerted himself, that TarTarquinius Collatinus, ma- quin might be banished, and Tarritus Lucretiæ. Sed Tar- quinius Collatinus, the husband of quinio Collatino statim sub- Lucretia, were made Consuls. lata dignitas est; placuerat But this dignity was taken immeenim ne quisquam in urbe diately from Tarquinius Collatimaneret, qui Tarquinius vo- nus; for it was thought fit that caretur; qui accepto omni no one should continue in the city, patrimonio suo, ex urbe mi- that was called Tarquin ; who gravit, & loco ipsius factus receiving his whole estate removest Valerius Publicola con- ed out of the city, and Valerius sul. Commovit tamen bel- Publicola was made Consul in his lum urbi Romæ rex Tarqui- room. Yet King Tarquin, who nius, qui fuerat expulsus, had been banished, raised a war et collectis multis gentibus, against the city Rome, and having ut in regnum posset restitui, got together many nations, fought to be restored to his kingdom.

dimicavit.

10. In prima pugna Bru- 10. In the first battle Brutus, tus et Aruns Tarquinii filius and Aruns the son of Tarquin, invicem se occiderunt. Ro- killed one another. Yet the RoInani tamen ex ea pugna mans came off from that battle victoresrecesserunt. Brutum victorious. The Roman matRomanæ matronæ defenso- rons mourned for Brutus the derem pudicitiæ suæ, quasi fender of their honour, as a comcommunem patrem, per an- mon father, for a year. Valerinum luxerunt. Valerius us Publicola mude Spurius LuPublicola Spurium Lucreti- cretius Tricipi inus, the father of um Tricipitinum collegam Lucretia his colleague; avho dysibi fecit Lucretiæ patrem; ing a natural death, he again quo morbo mortuo, iterum took for his colleague Horatius Horatium Pulvillum colle- Pulvillus. Thus the first

gam sibi sumpsit. Ita pri- year had five Consuls; since mus annos quinque consules Tarquinius Collatinus quitted the habuit; cum Tarquinius city, because of his name, BruCollatinus urbe cessisset tus fell in battle, and Spurius propter nomen, Brutus præ- Lucretius died of a distemper. lio periisset, Spurius Lucre

tius morbo mortuus esset.

11. Secundo quoque anno 11. In the second year too, iterum Tarquinius, ut reci- Tarquinius again made war upperetur in regnum, bellum on the Romans, in order to be Romanis intulit, auxilium received into his kingdom, Porei ferente Porsena Thuscia sena the King of Thuscia carrying rege, et Romam pene cepit. him assistance, and was near Verum tum quoque victus taking Rome. But then too he

The third

est. Tertio anno post reges was vanquished. exactos Tarquinius cum year after the royal family were suscipi non posset in reg- driven from Rome, when num, neque ei Porsena, qui Tarquin could not be received pacem cum Romanis fece- into his kingdom, nor did Porserat, auxilium præstaret, na, who had made a peace with Tusculum se contulit, quæ the Romans, any longer give civitas non longe ab urbe him assistance, he withdrew himest, atque ibi per quatuor- self to Tusculum, which torun is decim annos privatus cum not far from the city Rome, and uxore presenuit. Quarto there lived a private person for anno' post reges exactos, fourteen years with his wife to be cum Sabini Romanis bellum very old. In the fourth year after intulissent, victi sunt, et de the royal family were banished, his est triumphatum. Quinto the Sabines, making war upon the anno Lucius Valerius ille Romans, were conquered and the Bruti collega, et quartum Romans triumphed over them. consul, fataliter mortuus In the fifth year after L. Valeriest, adeo pauper, ut colla- us, that colleague of Brutus, and tis a populo nummis, sump- a fourth time Consul, died a nattum habuerit sepulturæ, ural death, so poor, that he had the quem matronæ, sicut Bru- charges of his funeral borne with tum, annum luxerunt. money contributed by the people, whom the matrons mourned for a year,asthey had done for Brutus.

12. Nono anno post reges exactos, cum gener Tarqui

12. In the ninth year after the banishing of the royal family,

nii, ad injuriam soceri vindi- the son-in-law of Tarquin having candam ingentem collegis- raised a huge army to revenge set exercitum, nova Romæ the injury done his father-indignitas, est creata, quæ law, a new office was erected at Dictatura appellatur, major Rome, which is called the Dictaquam Consulatus. Eodem torship, greater than the Consulanno etiam magister equi- ate. In the same year likewise a tum factus est, qui Dicta- Master of Horse was made, to tori obsequeretur. Neque obey the Dictator. Nor can any quidquam similius potest thing be named more like to the dici, quam Dictatura anti- Imperial authority, which now qua, huic imperii potestati, your Majesty has, than the old quam nunc tranquilitas Dictatorship, especially since Auvestra habet, maxime cum gustus Octavianus too, of whom Augustus quoq; Octavia- we shall speak hereafter, and benus, de quo postea dicemus fore him Caius Cæsar, reigned et, ante eum, Caius Cæsar, under the name and honour of the sub Dictaturæ nomine atque Dictatorship. The first Dictahonore regnaverint. Dicta- tor at Rome was Lartius, the tor autem Romæ primus first Master of the Horse Spu fuit Lartius, Magister equi- rius Cassius. tum primus, Spurius Cassius.

13. Sexto decimo anno 13. In the sixteenth year after post reges exactos, seditio- the banishment of the royal family, nem populus Romæ fecit, the people made a mutiny at Rome, tanquam a senatu atq; con- as if they were oppressed by the sulibus premeretur. Tum Senate and Consuls. Then too et ipse sibi tribunos plebis, they made for themselves Tribunes quasi proprios judices et of the Commons, as their own defensores creavit per quos proper judges and defenders, by contra senatum et consules whom they might be secured tutus esse posset. against the Senate and Consuls.

14. Sequente anno Volsci 14. In the following year, the contra Romanos bellum repa- Volsci renewed the war against raverunt: et victi acie, etiam the Romans: and being defeated Coriolos civitatem quam ha- in the field, lost likewise Corioli, bebant optimam,perdiderunt. the best city which they had. 15. Octavo decimo anno 15. In the 18th year after the postquam reges ejecti erant, royal family were turned out Q. expulsus ex urbe Quintus Marcius, a general of the RoMarcius, dux Romanorum, mans, who had taken Corioli, a