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2. Other Oblique Cases connected with the Nom.

1. Milites elati spe gaudebant. (Construe spe after elati, by R. 14.)

2. Milites elati spe victoria gaudebant.

3. Milites elati spe celeris victoria guadebant.

4. Milites elati spe celeris victoria et hostium fuga gaudebant. Cæsar.

1. Affectus solicitudine Cæsar erat profectus.

2. Magna affectus solicitudine Casar erat profectus. 3. Magna affectus solicitudine hoc nuncio Cæsar erat profectus. Cæsar.

1 Hostes turris ruinâ commoti fugiunt.

2. Hostes turris repentind ruinâ commoti fugiunt.

3. Hostes turris repentinâ ruinâ commoti, inopinato_male turbati fugiunt.

4. Hostes turris repentiná ruinâ commoti, inopinato malo turbati, deorum irá perculsi fugiunt.

5. Hostes turris repentina ruinâ commoti, inopinato malo turbati, deorum irâ perculsi, urbis direptione perterriti fugiunt. Cæsar.

1. Iisdem temporibus Caius Curio in Africam profectus ex Cilicia, processit.

2. Tisdem temporibus, Caius Curio, in Africam profectus ex Cilicia, et jam copias Publii Attii Vari despiciens pro

cessit.

3. Iisdem temporibus, Caius Curio, in Africam profectus ex Cilicia, et jam ab initio copias Publii Attii Vari despiciens, processit. Casar.

IV. Adjuncts to the nom. may be a relative with the constituent parts of the clause, or even a whole sentence; all to be construed before the principal verb; as,

Deus, qui novit, compensabit. Deus, qui novit corda et cogitationes, compensabit.

Tenuit consuetudo, quæ quotidie magis invalescit. que necessaria sunt, conquirantur.

Vir et foemina, quos heri videbas, sunt mortui.

Ea,

CHAP III.

CONSTRUE the nom. case first, with the words thereto belonging, if any; then the verb; then the word or words governed by the verb.

Note-in this Chapter, the words in Italics must be construed after the verb.

Words governed of the verb, and therefore to be construed after it may be of various sorts:

1. a noun or nouns, in that case which the verb requires; some verbs requiring a nom. after them, others an oblique case.

A Nom. after the Verb.

Deus est summum bonum. Christus est summum bonum. Christus est bonus ille pastor.

Alexander erat dux fortissimus. Titus Romanus Imperator appellatus est Amor ac Delicia humani generis. Virtus habetur rationis humana perfectio, et honor est præmium virtutis.

A Gen. Case after the Verb. Hæc domus et hic ager sunt fratris mei.

miseretur, nec divitis nec pauperis.

Satagit unusquisque rerum suarum.

obliviscitur; benificii reminiscitur.

Mors neminis

Vir bonus injurie

Implentur veteris Bacchi, pinguisque ferina.

Note. When there is no nom, case expressed it is implied in the verb, and must, in construing, be supplied by one of these pronouns, I, thou, he, she, it, we, ye, they; according to the number and person of the verb; thus in the example above Implentur, they are filled.

Dative after the Verb.

Laus virtuti debetur. Pecunia multis commodat, plu

ribus incommodat.

Rex pius reipublica prodest. Cicero præluxit majoribus suis. Parenti debetur maxima reverentia.

Fame mendaci quis credit? Ferocissimo leoni traditus est Lysimachus.

Accusative after the Verb.

Cyrus imperium protulit. Romani vincebant omnes gen

tes.

Virtus conciliat et conservat amicitiam. Vitium vitam molestam efficit; et parit odium ac inimicitias.

Brutum Romanæ matronæ defensorem suum quasi communem patrem luxerunt. Filiam suam carissimam occidit Virginius, ne stuprum sustineret.

Ablative after the Verb.

Divitiis, nec minus curis abundavit Croesus. Curis mortuus exoneratur. Morbus quiete, cura somno spoliat.

Officio suo sapiens fungitur. Vita æterna boni fruuntur. Stultus doctis et libris abutitur.

2. The word governed by the verb may be anothe verb in the infinitive mood; and possibly that inf. also may have certain words governed by it. In such a case, construe the inf. next after the finite verb, and then the words depending on the inf.

Scribere jussit amor. Duo consules cœperunt creari. Stultus perseverare nequit. Fluctus detumescere cœperunt. Carthaginienses bella reparare tentabant. Nemo Romanorum pacis mentionem habere dignatus est.

Note. From the last example we find, that the word which the inf. mood governs, may likewise have another word governed by it. The word governed, according to Rule 14. must be construed after that word which governs it; therefore pacis must be construed after mentionem.

Romani quanquam superati regi petenti pacem præstare

noluerunt.

Query. After noluerunt præstare, which must be construed first, the da tive regi petenti, or the accusative pacem; they being both alike governed of præstare? See the latter part of Rule 20.

CHAP. IV.

CONSTRUE the nom. case first, with the words thereto belonging, if any; then the verb; then the word or words governed by the verb; lastly, the preposition, if any, with the word depending on it.

Note.-Prepositions, as we have seen, are sometimes adjuncts to the nom. but in general they are attached to the concluding part of the sentence, and to be construed after the verb.

Q

In this Chapter, the words in Italics are prepositions and their adherents, to follow the verb. But the learner must know, that these are not the only words to be construed after a verb; there are other oblique cases, &c. which he must distinguish from the nom. and its adjuncts, and construe them next after the verbs; then the preposition, &c.

Romanum imperium a Romulo exordium habet. Emilius Paulus consul de Perseo triumphum egit. Masinissa cum Scipione amicitiam fecerat.

Quintus Pompeius cum Numantinis pacem ignobilem fecit, Postea Caius Hostilius Mancinus cum Numantinis pacem fecit infamem.

Publius Scipio Africanus militem vitiosum et ignavum sine aliqua acerbitate correxit.

Copias suas Cæsar in proximum collem subduxit. Oscenes et Calligurritani mittunt ad eum legatos.

Equitatum ad castra mittit, ad flumen Bragadam. Curio copias ex locis superioribus in campum deducit. Phillida amo ante alias.

CHAP. V.

RULE 1.

CONSTRUE the nom. case first, with the words thereto belonging, if any; then the verb; then the word or words governed by the verb; lastly, the preposition, if any, with the word depending on it.

Note.--The words belonging to any rule are always in Italic.

EXAMPLES.

1. Fortes fortuna juvat. Adag.

2. Audentes fortuna juvat,

3.

Virg.

Vocat labor ultimus omnes.

4. Omnes eodem cogimur. Hor.

5.

-Ventis agitatur ingens

Pinus et celsa graviore casu

Decidunt turres: feriunt que summos

Id.

Fulmina montes.

Id.

RULE 2.

A genitive case is usually construed after another noun.

EXAMPLES.

1. Proh Deum atque hominum fidem. Ter.

2. O curas hominum! Pers.

3. Amantium Ira ainoris integratio est.

Amantium iræ amoris integratio est.

4. Interdum lacrymæ pondera vocis habent.
5. Non ignara mali, miseris succurrere disco.

RULE 3.

Ov.
Virg.

An infinitive mood is generally construed after another verb.

EXAMPLES.

1. Non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco. Virg.

2.

Quis fallere possit amantem? Id.
-Possunt, quia posse videntur. Id.
-Qui timidè rogat,

3.

4.

Docet negare.

Sen.

5. Fortuna, opes auferre, non animum, potest. Id.

RULE 4.

An adjective or participle, if no other word depend on it, must be construed before its substantive.

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3. Summum jus sæpe summa est malitia. Id. 4. Nulla salus bello. Virg.

5.

-Vocat labor ultimus omnes. Id.

RULE 5.

An adjective or participle, governing a word after it, must be construed after its substantive.

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