12. What was the number of inhabitants in the following

towns, there being in

New York,

123,706;

Philadelphia,

108,116;

Baltimore,

62,738;

A. 400,461.

New Orleans, 27,176?

13. How many more inhabitants were there in New York than Philadelphia? Philadelphia than Baltimore? Baltimore than Boston? Boston than New Orleans? New Olreans than Charleston? Charleston than Albany? Albany than Providence? Providence than New Haven? A. Total, 115,379.

14. At 73 cents a bushel, what will 42 bushels of salt cost? What will 800 bushels? A. 61466 cents. 15. What will 2970 bushels? What 8900 bushels? A. 866510 cents.

16. James had 37 cents, William 10 times as many as James, Rufus 15 times as many as William, Thomas 26 times as many as Rufus, Harry 45 times as many as Thomas, and Stephen 24 times as many as Harry; how many did they all have? A. 162487757.

17. There are 60 minutes in one hour; how many hours are there in 120 minutes? In 4800 minutes? A. 82 hours. 18. In 172800 minutes? In 1036800 minutes? A. 20160 hours.

1. At 10 mills a yard, how many cents will 4 yards of cloth eost? Will 6 yards? Will 8?

2. How many mills are 2 cents? 3 cents? 4 cents? E cents? 8 cents? 12 cents?

3. How many cents are 2 dimes? 5 dimes? 6 dimes? 7 dimes? 11 dimes?

4. How many dimes are 2 dollars? 5 dollars 7 dollars? 10 dollars? 12 dollars?

5. How many eagles are 20 dollars? 30 dollars? 40 dol lars 60 dollars? 80 dollars? 100 dollars?

Q. How many cents are 43 pence?

Q. How many cents are 9 pence?

120 dollars?

A 61.

A. 12.

Q. How many cents are 18 pence, or of a dollar? A. 25.

Q. How many cents is of a dollar?

Q. How many cents is of a dollar?

Q. How many cents is one dollar?

Q. How many cents is a pistareen?

Q. How many cents is half a pistareen?

Q. How many 9 pences in a dollar?

A. 50.

A. 75.

A. 100.

A. 20.

A. 10.

A. 8.

Q. How many 4 pence-halfpennies in a dollar?

A. 16.

6. You buy 4 yards of cloth for $1, and give the shopkeeper two fifty-cent bits; how much change must he give you?

7. You buy some calico to the amount of 17 cents, and give the clerk a pistareen; how much change must he give you? 8. You give a pistareen for 1 fish; how many cents must you give for 2? For 3? For 5? For 7? For 9? For 12? 9. What will 2 yards of ribbon come to in cents, at 4 pence a yard? At 9 pence? At of a dollar? At a dollar? At of a dollar?

Q. What is the coin of the United States called? A. Federal Money.

Q. When established? A. A. D. 1786.

Q. By what authority? A. Congress.

Q. Which is the money unit? A. Dollars.

Q. What place do dollars occupy, then? A. The place of

units.

Q. How are dollars distinguished from dimes, cents, and mills? A. By a comma, or separatrix, at the right of dollars.

Q. What are the figures on the left of dollars? A. Eagles. Q. What is the first figure on the right of dollars? A.

Dimes.

Q. What is the second figure? A. Cents.

Q. What is the third figure? A. Mills.

Q. How many of these coins are real? A. 4.

Name them. A. The eagle, the dollar, the dime, and the

cent.

Q. Which is a gold coin? A. The eagle.

Q. Which are the silver coins? A. The dollar and the dime. Q. Which is a copper coin? A. The cent.

Q. Which is imaginary? A. The mill, as there is no piece of money of that denomination *

*There are, however, half eagles, and half dimes, real coins.

Q. What are all the denominations of Federal Money? A. Mills, cents, dimes, dollars, and eagles.

Q. How many of these denominations are used in accounts, and what are they? A. Three-dollars, cents, and mills. Q. What are dollars and eagles called in accounts?

lars.

Q. What are dimes and cents called? A. Cents.

A. Dol

Note.-The names of coins less than a dollar express their value Mill is contracted from Mille, the Latin for thousand Cent from Centum, the Latin for hundred; and Dime from Disme, the French for tenth.

Q. What does this character, $, placed before numbers, denote? A. Federal Money.

Q. As 10 mills make 1 cent, 10 cents 1 dime, &c., increasing from right to left like whole numbers, it follows that any questionin Federal Money may be performed as in whole numbers; also that dollars, cents, and mills, may be called either all mills, or all cents and mills; thus, 4 dollars, 25 cents, and 5 mills, may be read, 4255 mills, or 425 cents and 5 mills; but, in order for this, it will sometimes be necessary to write ciphers between the different denominations when, then, the cents are less than 10, where must a cipher be placed in writing cents with dollars? A. Between the cents and dollars.

Q. Why is this? A. Because, as 100 cents make one dollar, cents, of course, occupy two places; hence, when the cents are less than 10, they must occupy the units' place of cents, and a cipher the tens' place of cents.

Q. In writing down mills with dollars, when there are no cents, how many ciphers must you place between them and dollars? A. Two.

Q. Why? A. Because, as there are two places for cents, when there are no cents, these places must be filled with ciphers.

Q. How are 2 dollars and 5 mills written down, then?

A. $2,005

Q. How are 3 dollars and 2 cents written down, then?

A. $3,02. Q. How are 7 dollars and 8 mills written down? A. $ 7,008. Q. How are 9 dollars and 1 cent written down? A. $ 9,01. Q. How are 1 dollar, 1 cent and 1 mill written down?

A. $1,011.

Q How are 20 dollars and 50 cents written down?

A. $20,50

REDUCTION OF FEDERAL MONEY.

¶ XXII.

Q. What would you call the changing of numbers from one name, or denomination, to another, retaining the same value; as, 200 cents into 2 dollars? A. Reduction.

RULE.

1. How many mills in one cent? In 8 cents? In 9 cents? I. What, then, do you multiply by, to bring cents into mills? A. Multiply by 10 mills; that is, annex one cipher. (See ¶ XII.) 2. How many cents in 20 mills? In 60 mills? In 80 mills? II. What, then, would you divide by, to bring mills into cents? 4. By 10 mills; that is, cut off the right hand figure.

3. How many cents in one dollar? In 2 dollars? In 8 dollars? III. How many ciphers, then, do you annex to dollars, to bring them into cents?

4. How many dollars in 200 cents? In 800 cents?

IV. How many figures, then, would you cut off, to bring cents into dollars?

V. As annexing two ciphers to dollars brings them into cents, and one to cents brings cents into mills, how many ciphers, then, would you annex to dollars in all, to bring them into mills? a. Three.

5. How many mills, then, in 2 dollars? In 8 dollars?

VI. How many figures would you cut off, to bring mills back into dollars? A. Three.

6. How many dollars in 2000 mills? In 5000 mills?

Exercises for the Slate.

1. Reduce $2, 1c., 1 m. to mills. A. 2011 mills.

2. Reduce $3, 75 c.
3. Reduce $20, 6 c.

4. Reduce $8, 25 c. 8 m.
5. Reduce $4,28 c. 1m.
6. Reduce $480, 6 c.
7. Reduce $48

8. Reduce 7680 mills 9. Reduce 1865 mills 10. Reduce 172 cents 11. Reduce 1189 cents

12. Reduce $260
13. Reduce $130
14. Requce $2.45 c.
15. Reduce $24,06

to mills. A. 3750 mills.
to mills. A. 20060 mills.

to mills.
to mills.

A. 25821 mills

16. Reduce 1265 cts. 17. Reduce 137 cts. 18. Reduce 1212 cts.

to dollars.
to dollars.
to dollars.

19. Reduce 12000 cts.

to dollars.

A. $146, 15 c. 5 m.

ADDITION OF FEDERAL MONEY.

¶ XXIII. 1. What will 20 pencils come to, at 5 cents for 10, and 10 dimes for 10.

2. What is the sum of 50 cents and 5 dimes?

3. What is the sum of 6 cents, 12 cents, 20 cents, and 2 dimes?

4. If you give 25 cents for a top, 25 cents for a knife, and 1 dime for a slate, how much do they all come to?

Q. What is this, which you have now been doing, A. Addition of Federal Money.

called? 1. A man bought a wagon for $32,50, a harness for $15,20, and a whip for $1, 8 c.; what did the whole cost?

OPERATION.

$. cts.

32,50

15,20

1,08

Ans. $48,78

How do you perform this operation? A. I place dollars under dollars, cents under cents, adding as in Simple Addition.

Why is there a cipher placed between the $1, and 8 cents? A. Because the cents are

less than 10.

From the preceding remarks we derive the following

RULE.

I. How do you write down cents, dollars, &c.? A. Cents under cents, dollars under dollars, &c.

II. How do you add? A. As in Simple Addition.

III. Where is the separatrix to be placed? A. Directly amder the separating points above.

More Exercises for the Slate.

2. What is the amount of 3 dollars 2 cents, 2 dollars 5 cents, 7 dollars 8 cents, 9 dollars 1 cent, 1 dollar 1 cent 1 mill, and 20 dollars 50 cents? A. $42,671.

3. Bought a chaise for $126,18, a watch for $280,25, a coach for $850,02, a hat for $6,50, and a whip for $2,98; how muca did all these articles come to? A. $1266,53.