Admiralty jurisdiction, (see Admiralty
Courts.)

in prize cases, 391.

as to prize made on shore, 392.
when lost as to prize, 393.
in criminal cases, 394-400, 411.
when it attaches, 395, 398, 402.
how distinguished from common
law, 402, 410, 411.
of maritime causes and contracts,
405-419, 420.
history of, traced, 404-407.
in cases of general average and
salvage, 408, note, 409, 410.
none to enforce specific peformance
of contracts, 409, note.
of charter-parties, 409, 411.
what are civil cases of, 415.
is exclusive, 417.

country, 199.

early Roman law, 574.
twelve tables, 580.
prætorian law, 588.
responsa prudentum, 589.
Cicero, 590, 591, 592.
age of Augustus, 591.

Papinian, Ulpian, Paulus, &c., 594.
Theodosian code, 595.
Tribonian, 595.

corpus juris civilis of Justinian, 596.
the Code, 596.

the Institutes, 596.

the Digests, 597.

the Novels, 600.

disturbed by barbarian invasions,

600.

study of, revived, in the 12th cen-
tury, 602.
reception of, in England, 603.

Civil liberty, 607.

war in other states, 24.
Clerks of U. S. Courts, 341.
Coasting license, effect of, 482, 487.
Codification, 527.
Coke, 564.

Colonial trade of the enemy, 90.
Colonies carry laws with them, 531.

American, their rights asserted,
607-613.

Columbia, District of, 277, 384, 427.
Commercia Belli, 115, 168.
Commerce, general right of, 34.

claims of Portugal and Russia, 36.
treaties of, 36.
with the enemy, 77.

481.

between several states, what, 487,

488.

power to regulate includes license
laws, 488.
internal, not to be controlled by

congress, 485, 487.
power of congress to regulate, car-
ries no grant of property, 491.
Commission to cruise requisite, 106.
unlawful against a friendly power,

Commons, house of, 249.

Common law, definition of, 530.
its sources, 530.

110.

how far adopted in the federal
courts, 374, 377.

growth of, 530.

adopted in the states, 531.
follows colonies, 531.

applies to impeachments, 378 note.
applies to federal courts, 374.
66 except in
criminal cases, 364.

Computation of time, 170.

Concealment of papers by a neutral, 166.
Concurrent power of the states, 431, (see
States and State Courts.)
jurisdiction, 439, (see States and
State Courts.)
Confederation, early steps towards, 211.
articles of, 219.
imbecility of, 221-227.
Confiscation of enemies' property conse-
quent on war, 69.
debts, doctrine in England and
United States, 73, 75.
not allowed, of property wrong-
fully taken before war, 76.
of enemy's property on commence-
ment of war, 75.

contraband articles, 147, 148.
for breach of blockade, 156.
carrying dispatches, 157.

as foundation of title, (see Title.)
Congress, legislation of, supersedes state
legislation, 451.
may punish the bringing of coun-
terfeit coin into U. S., 482, note.
power of, to regulate commerce,

of 1754, 213.

of 1765, 215.

of 1774, 216.

481.

its constituent parts, 231-233.
privilege of the two houses of, 251.
power to punish for contempts, 252,

253.

general powers of, 253.
rules of proceeding of, 254.
mode of passing laws by, 255.
authority to create a bank, 268-

to provide for proof of public rec-
ords, 281, (see Records.)
power over militia, (see Militia.)
power of, as to internal improve-
ments, 289-292.
power over domestic territories,
427.

power of, over conquered and ceded
territories, 428, 478.
right of, to impose laws, 533.
Constitution of the United States, (see Ap-
pendix,) 661-670.

how and when formed, 227-229.
Constitutional power, its test, 346.
Constitutionality of laws, 500, 506.
Construction of statutes, 516, 522, 527.
of Revised Statutes, 520.

Consuls, defined, 50.

duty of, 51, 52.

have no judicial powers, 51.
not protected as ministers, 55, 56.
nations not bound to receive, 54.
to assist in arresting deserters, 52.
enlarged powers in foreign ports,
51, notes.

Consular System of the United States, act
to regulate, 57, note.
Contempts, when punishable by congress,
252, 253.
may be punished by U. S. courts,
330, 331.
Continuous voyage, 94.
Contraband of war, 142-149.

what articles constitute, 142, 147.
provisions, when, 144, 145, 147.
provisions, how affected by destina-
tion, 146.

articles of native growth, 146.
raw materials, 146.

implements of war, 147.

penalty for carrying, 148.

Contracts,

protected against state laws,

274.

principles of common law applied
in, 369.

Courts, jurisdiction of criminal cases in
admiralty, 372.
jurisdiction of military and naval
crimes and offences, 373, 374.
how far common law and state
laws are rules of decision in, 374,
376, note.
jurisdiction, when an alien is a
party, 378.
jurisdiction of, against person not
in the district, 379.
jurisdiction, between citizens of dif-
ferent states, 379.
when a party is a corporation, 381.
right of U. S. to sue in, 382.
right of trustee to sue in, 384.
right of assignee to sue in, 384.
foreign corporations may sue in,

382.

inhabitants of District of Columbia
may not sue in, 384.
inhabitants of territories may not

sue in, 384, 385.
jurisdiction, when state a party in
interest, 385-387.
state not to be sued by individuals
in, 385.
agents of states may be sued in,
385, 386.
jurisdiction of, in admiralty, (see
Admiralty Courts, Admiralty Juris
diction.)
jurisdiction over ceded territories,

428.

proceedings and execution in, reg-
ulated by congress, 438.
process and decisions, how affected
by state laws, 438, 439.
Circuit, of U. S., (see Circuit, Superior,
and State Courts.)
Courts Martial, naval jurisdiction of, 374,
note, 396, 398.
Crimes at sea, under statutes of United
States, 394-400.
Criminal cases, jurisdiction of, in federal
courts, (see Federal Courts.)
jurisdiction, (see Courts, Federal
District Courts,) 435.
Criminals, duty of surrender of, 40, 44.
Cruise, right of, 106.

when cruiser liable as pirate, 110.
with double commission, 111.

D.

Damages, measure of, in cases of tort,

right of, 186.

Title.)

how far it imposes laws of discov-
erer, 186.
District Courts, organization and jurisdic-
tion of, 336-339.
jurisdiction, as courts of common

law, 424.
in cases of seizure, forfeiture, and

torts, 424.
in cases of bankruptcy, 425.
as prize and instance courts in ad-
miralty, 388-393.
criminal jurisdiction of, in admiral-
ty, 394–400, 411.
no appeal in criminal cases, 358.
damages in, for marine tort, 400,
404-407.
admiralty and maritime jurisdic-

tion of, 412-419.
cognizance of seizures and forfeit-

ures, 413, 415-417.
jurisdiction in salvage cases, 423.
jurisdiction as to pilotage, 423.
District of Columbia, inhabitants of, may
not sue in federal courts, 384.
power of the courts of, to issue
mandamus, 427.
Doctor and Student, 563.
Documents, concealment or spoliation of,

166.

626, note.

Embargo, hostile, when laid, 70.
preliminary to war, 70.

Death, punishment of, 622.
Debts, assumption of state, 437, note.
Declaration of Independence, 218.

of war, mode and form of, 62.

Delictum, 96, 132, 157.
Despatches to the enemy, 157.

Embassadors, rank of, 48.

rights of, 45, 47.

may be refused, 49.

how far their acts bind, 49.
Emigration, right of, 652.