} A APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. Apothecaries' weight* is used by apothecaries and physiclans, in compounding- medicines. The denominations are pounds, ounces, drams, scruples, and grains. TABLE. 20 grains, (grs.) make 1 scruple, marked 3 scruples 12 ounces 17. In 9fb183. 13. 29.1 19 grs., how many grains. 9. 3 18. Reduce 55799 grs. pounds. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.† By avoirdupois weight are weighed all things of a coarse and drossy nature, as tea, sugar, bread, flour, tallow, hay, leather, medicines, (in buying and selling,) and all kinds of metals, except gold and silver The denominations are tons, hundreds, quarters, pounds, ounces, and drams. Note 1. In this kind of weight, the words gross and net are used. Gross is the weight of the goods, together with the box, bale, bag, cask, &c., which contains them. Net weight is the weight of the goods only, after deducting the weight of the box, bale, bag, or cask, &c., and all other allowances. Note 2. A hundred weight, it will be perceived, is 112 lb. Merchants at the present time, in our principal sea-perts, buy and sell by the 100 pounds. The pound and ounce apothecaries' weight, and the pound and ounce Trog, e the same, only differently divided, and subdivided. 19. What will 5 cwt. 3 qrs.| 20. How much sugar, at 17 lb. of sugar come to, at 12 cents a pound, may be 12 cents a pound. bought for $82'625? 21. A merchant would put 22. In 470 boxes of raisins, 109 cwt. 0 qrs. 12 lb. of containing 26 lb. each, how raisins into boxes, containing many cwt.? 26 lb. each; how many boxes will it require? 23. In 12 tons, 15 cwt. 24. In 7323500 drams, how 1 qr. 19lb. 6 oz. 12 dr. how many tons? many drams? 25. In 28 lb. avoirdupois, how many pounds Troy? 26. In 34lb. 0 oz. 6 pwt. 16 grs. Troy, how many pounds avoirdupois? CLOTH MEASURE. Cloth measure is used in selling cloths and other goods, sold by the yard, or ell. The denominations are ells, yards, quarters, and nails. TABLE. 1 nails, (na.) or 9 inches, make 1 quarter, marked qr. 1 quarters, or 36 inches, 3 quarters, 5 quarters, 1 yard, 1 ell Flemish, yd. 1 ell English, 6 quarters, Long measure is used in measuring distances, or other things, where length is considered without regard to breadth. The denominations are degrees, leagues, miles, furlongs, rods, yards, feet, inches, and barley-corns. 31. How many barleycorns marked deg. or o a great circle, or circumfer ence of the earth. 32. In 4755801600 barley will reach round the globe, it corns, how many degrees? being 360 degrees? Note. To multiply by 2, is Note. The barley-corns beto take the multiplicand 2 ing divided by 3, and that times; to multiply by 1, is to quotient by 12, we have take the multiplicand 1 time; 132105600 feet, which are to to multiply by, is to take the be reduced to rods. We canmultiplicand half a time, that not easily divide by 16 on is, the half of it. Therefore, account of the fraction; but to reduce 360 degrees to stat- 16 feet 33 half feet, in 1 ute miles, we multiply first by rod; and 132105600 feet the whole number, 69, and to 264211200 half feet, which, the product add half the multi- divided by 33, gives 8006400 plicand. Thus : rods. +360 691 3240 2160 Hence, when the divisor is encumbered with a fraction, or, &c., we may reduce the divisor to halves, or fourths, 180 half of the multiplicand. &c., and reduce the dividend to the same; then the quo 25020 statute miles in 360 de-tient will be the true answer. grees. 33. How many inches from 34. In 30539520 inches, Boston to the city of Wash-how many miles? ington, it being 482 miles ? 35. How many times will a 36. If a wheel, 16 feet 6 wheel, 16 feet and 6 inches inches in circumference, turn in circumference, turn round round 12800 times in going in the distance from Boston to from Boston to Providence, Providence, it being 40 miles? what is the distance ? LAND OR SQUARE MEASURE. Square measure is used in measuring land, and any other thing, where length and breadth are considered. The denominations are miles, acres, roods, perches, yards, feet and inches. ¶ 35. 3 feet in length make a yard in long measure; but it requires 3 feet in length and 3 feet in breadth to make a yard in square measure; 3 feet in length and one foot wide make 3 square feet; 3 feet in length and 2 feet wide make 2 times 3, that is, 6 square feet; 3 feet in length and 3 feet wide make 3 times 3, that is, 9 square feet. This will clearly appear from the annexed figure. 3 bet 1 yard. 3 feet =3 1 yard. It is plain, also, that a square foot, that is, a square 12 inches in length and 12 inches in breadth, must contain 12 X 12 = 144 square inches. 144 square inches TABLE. 12 X 12; that is, 12 inches in length and 12 inches make 1 square foot in breadth 9 square feet 3 X 3; that is, 3 feet in length and 3 feet in breadth 301 square yards = 5X 51, or 2721 square feet 161 × 161, 40 square rods, 4 640 51 X 51, or 272+} roods, or 160 square rods, acres, Note. Gunter's chain, used in measuring land, is 4 rods in length. It consists of 100 links, each link being 7 inches in length; 25 links make 1 rod, long measure, and 625 square links make 1 square rod. 37. In 17 acres 3 roods 12| 38. In 776457 square feet, rods, how many square feet? how many acres? Note. In reducing rods to Note. Here we have 776457 feet, the multiplier will be square feet to be divided by 2724. To multiply by t, is to 2724. Reduce the divisor to take a fourth part of the mul-fourths, that is, to the lowest tiplicand. The principle is denomination contained in it; the same as shown T 34, then reduce the dividend to ex. 31. 39. Reduce 64 square miles o square feet? fourths, that is, to the same denomination, as shown 132, ex. 34. 40. In 1,784,217,600 square feet, how many square miles? 42. Reduce 23040 acres to 41. There is a town 6 miles square; how many square square miles. miles in that town? how many acres? yd. 3 feet thick. SOLID OR CUBIC MEASURE. Solid or cubic measure is used in measuring things that have length, breadth, and thickness; such as timber, wood, stone, bales of goods, &c. The denominations are cords, tons, yards, feet, and inches. T 36. It has been shown, that a square yard contains 3 X 39 square feet. A cubic yard is 3 feet long, 3 feet vide, and 3 feet thick. Were it 3 feet long, 3 feet wide, nd one foot thick, it would contain 9 cubic feet; if 2 feet hick, it would contain 2 X 918 cubic feet; and, as it is 3 feet thick, it does contain 3 X 9 27 cubic feet. This will clearly appear from the annexed figure. It is plain, also, that a cubic foot, that is, a solid, 12 inches in length, 12 inches in breadth, and 12 inches in thickness, will contain 12 X 12 X 12 = 1728 solid or cubic inches. |