All the Indian delegates were not arrived until October 15. The New-Hampshire commiffioners returned home before the treaty was finifhed, and left a power with Roland Cotton, Efq; to fign in their name.-The colony of Connecticut, tho' defired by the government of Maffachusetts-Bay, did not fend any commiffioners; perhaps they reckoned themselves out of the question, being covered by the whole breadth of the province of Massachusetts-Bay, Nova-Scotia was also invited.

Roland Cotton, Efq; was clerk.

Capt. Jofeph Bean was interpreter, both under oath. Toxus of Norridgowocks was reckoned the chief of these Indian tribes, and their fpeaker; he faid, "Ever fince governor Dummer + treated with us, all the Indians lik'd it well, and have reckoned it well ever fince." Mr. Hutchinson, chairman of the commiffioners from Massachusetts-Bay, in his fpeech to the Indians, "You have always fpoke well of governor Dummer's treaty, and the English have lik'd it well, and it lafted long; this we propose to be a plan for a treaty.

The Treaty is as follows,

"We the Indians inhabiting within his Majefty's territories of New-England, make fubmiffion to King GEORGE II. in as full and ample a manner as any of our predeceffors have heretofore done.

1. We Indians in all times coming, will maintain a firm and conftant amity with all the | English, and will never confederate to combine with any other nation to their prejudice.

2. That the English fubjects may peaceably and quietly enjoy their rights and fettlements; referving to the Indians all lands not formerly conveyed to the English, as alfo the privilege of fifhing, hunting and fowling as formerly.

4 That treaty was anno 1725.

The defignation English is ufed, as more familiar to the Indians than that of Brit fa.

3. The trade to be under the direction of the Maffachusetts government.

4. All controverfies fhall be iffued in the due course of juftice of Maffachusetts government courts.

If 5. any of our Indians commit hoftilities against the English, we shall join the English to bring them to reafon.

6. If any tribe of Indians make war upon any of the now contracting tribes, the English fhall affift and bring them to reafon.

Moreover, it is agreed that there fhall be truck-houses at Georges and at Richmond. The Indians defire a truckhouse alfo at Saco river."

III. A fhort and general continuation of the * NovaScotia affairs, particularly as to the Chebucta fettlement.

*See p. 305, 317, 566, vol. I. There was a government scheme of this nature fet on foot 1732; it was too much Utopian, and therefore impracticable: I mean the fettlement of the province of Georgia in the fouthern parts of South-Carolina, a frontier against the Spaniards of Florida, in a dry, fandy, parched foil: the fcheme was pompous, viz. to raise great quantities of rice, wine, cotton-wool, indigo, cochineal, filk, hemp, flax. Hitherto they have done nothing, though a great charge to the crown, in civil and military establishment; from 1733, (1733, the parliament granted 10,000 1. fterl. 1735, 26,000 1. fterl. &c.) to 1743 inclufive, the parliament grants for the civil eftablishment amounted to 120,000l. ferl. from 1743, to 1749, their civil and military grants were blended together; 1749, the parliament granted for their civil establishment, 5,3041. fterl. their military eftaBlifhinent has been very chargeable, the pay and victualling of one regiment and several independent companies of regular troops, armed fchooners and rangers.

The patent for erecting Georgia into a province or corporation, paffed the feals 1732. In Feb. 1733-4, the whole number of perfons that had been fhipped to Georgia were 320 men, 113 women, 102 boys, 83 girls, in all 618 perfons, whereof one quarter were foreigners; fince that time many people have been imported, but not long fince in that province were to be found only 602 perfons. July 1748, in Mr. Whitefield's Bethesda, (12 miles from Savannah) were only master, 2 women, 4 men-fervants labourers, and 18 children, whereof two paid for their board; in his vagrancies this was his great cantfund to beg money and other effects from weak chriftians. Here I inadvertently anticipate what properly belongs to the fection of Georgia,

The

The general of Canada fince the conclufion of the late peace, by letters to the prefident of Nova-Scotia and to the governor of New-England, claims the greatest part of Nova-Scotia or L'Accadie: the French Coureurs des Bois and their Indians, 1749, have made fome fmall appearances to intimidate our new fettlers. 1. A number of French and Indians came before our block-house at Minas without effect, they furprize and carry off about 18 ftragglers as captives. 2. In September, eight Indians as traders came aboard Donnel a trading floop in Chicanecto bay, by furprize with their long knives they kill three of his men, while feveral Indians on fhore waited the event; in this fcuffle, the Indians loft feven of their men. 3. Beginning of October, a company of about 40 Indians, as was fuppofed, furprized eight of Gilman's timber-men near the faw-mills, east side of Chebucta bay; they killed four of Gilman's men, three efcaped to the flanker of the block-houfe, one man is miffing, fuppofed to be captivated to make difcoveries; the Indians did not attempt the block-house:-Afterwards there was a more general rendezvous of Indians, but having no profpect of any advantage, and the St. John's Indians differing with the Mikmaks, they broke up and went home.

The chief fettlement will be the town of || Hallifax or Chebucta, laid out and fettled in a few months; * for defence round it at proper diftances are five picquetted block-houses containing barracks for Warburton's regi

ment.

In our first vol. p. 566, we juft entered upon the late projected, but now vigorously profecuted + re-fettlement

So called from earl of Hallifax, the principal encourager of this fettlement.

* Idlenefs and intemperance, the bane of all our plantations, efpecially confidering the nature of the first fettlers of this place, are more dangerous than any parcels of defpicable ftraggling Indians.

+I am forry to write, that from 1710, to 1749, being near the space of forty years, the French have been filently allowed to keep poffeffion in all refpects of the province of Nova-Scotia, the fort of Annapolis and its banliew excepted.

of Nova-Scotia, by the indefatigable governor Cornwallis: the first parliamentary allowance or encouragement was 40,000l. fterl. -towards tranfporting to Nova-Scotia, and maintaining there, for a certain time after their arrival, fach reduced officers and private men, lately difmiffed from his majesty's land and fea-fervice, and others, as fhall be willing to fettle faid colony. Col. Cornwallis with his fleet of one frigate of 20 guns, one man of war floop-transports-with fettlers, provifions and ftores, arrived in Chebucta bay end of June; foon after arrived the French transports (who had brought from France the troops that took poffeffion of Louifbourg) from Louisbourg with the British troops who had evacuated Louisbourg, confifting of the two regiments of Fuller and Warburton, and a detachment of the train; the regiment of late Fuller's, to recruit Warburton's, and to leave fome fettlers, was reduced to 35 private men per company, half their former complement, and sent home.

In this bay of Chebucta, is built a uniform elegant town called Hallifax, after the earl of Hallifax, a great promoter of this fettlement. This harbour of Chebucta is a moft convenient place of arms for our American men of war, and a certain check upon the French of Louisbourg: it is well fituated for making of dry cod-fish, being about the middle of a long range of Cape-Sable coaft fishing banks, and may prove the best cod-fifhery hitherto known. I heartily wifh fuccefs to the fettlement, but we cannot expect that it fhould answer fo well for husbandry, that is for tillage and pasture, as our co

A riff-raff of difmiffed foldiers and failors habituated to idleness and vice, by their labour can never fettle a new colony; but two or three young vigorous regiments (fuch as Warburton's) canton'd all over the country, paid and victualled from home for two or three years, (from New-England we can fupply them with wives, good breeders) and when thus habituated to the country, and to husbandry, with proper encouragement of land, they may be difmiffed from their military fervice; and make lafting good fettlements.-No old men past their labour, no women but fuch as are of the ages of breeders, that is, none exceeding 35 at. be admitted, excepting parents of numerous children, to ferve as their guardians.

lonies further fouth. I conclude with the words of Bacon lord Verulam, "Settling plantations is like planting of "timber, we must wait patiently fome years, before we reap any benefit. +

IV. A short recapitulation and conclufion of the Louisbourg affair; the Cape-Breton iflands, for reasons of state, are now restored to the French dominions; and after fome political remarks, we fhall take our final leave of them. See vol. I. p. 335, &c. and p. 347, &c. The French of Canada and Cape-Breton had more early intelligence of the French war than we of New-England, it was proclaimed in Boston June 2, 1744. Louifbourg of CapeBreton furrendered to us, June 17, 1745. Autumn following to garrifon Louifbourg, were fhip'd off from Gibraltar, Fuller's and Warburton's regiments of foot, and three companies of Frampton's regiment, with a large detachment from the train; it was too late in the year before they arrived upon our winter coaft, and were obliged to winter in Virginia, a few of them put into New-York; they arrived at Louifbourg May 24, 1746, and relieved the New-England militia confifting of about

In the late treaty of Aix la Chapelle, October 7, 1748, there were many things in relation to trade, and to the claims and boundaries in the refpective plantations to be fettled with France and Spain, which required a confiderable time to be adjusted, and therefore could not be inferted in the body of the treaty, but referred to a convention of commiffioners as the French court in their various negociations are noted for appointing men of merit and real knowledge in the various affairs with which they are intrufted, doubtlefs our miniftry will ufe gentlemen of practical knowledge in trade, and habituated to plantation affairs, men of a quick clear thought, and of a distinct clear elocution.

In the present state of things, the well-being of the European mother-countries depends much upon their plantations; plantations make a country rich; Holland is rich, not from its produce or manufactures, but from its Eaft and Weft-India plantations, its trade and navigation. France never flourished so much as in the administration of cardinal Fleury, his principal attention was to their plantations and trade; the empire of Germany, Sweden, &c. though they abound in labouring men, for want of plantations and trade, are very poor.