35. Multiplication is the process of taking one number as many times as there are units in another.

36. The Multiplicand is the number taken.

37. The Multiplier is the number denoting how many times the multiplicand is taken.

38. The Product is the result obtained.

The multiplicand and multiplier are together called Factors, because they make or produce the product.

39. The Sign of Multiplication is X. Placed between two numbers, it denotes that they are to be multiplied together.

Thus, 4×3=12, read 4 multiplied by 3 equals 12; or, three times four are twelve.

40. The product of two numbers is not altered by changing the order of the factors. Thus, 4X3=12, and 3x4=12.

41. The multiplier is always an abstract number, and the product is always of the same denomination as the multiplicand.

Thus, $12×4=$48, four times twelve dollars are fortyeight dollars.

(46)

cost?

SOLUTION.-If one lemon cost four cents, two lemons will cost two times four cents, which are eight cents.

CONCLUSION.-Therefore, at four cents apiece two lemons will cost

eight cents.

1. When peaches are two cents apiece, what will two peaches cost?

2. John bought two pears at three cents apiece: how much did they cost?

3. There are two halves in one apple; how many halves in three apples?

4. One "nickel " is worth five cents: how many cents are two "nickels worth?

5. At six cents a pound, what is the cost of two pounds of beef?

6. If one load of wood is worth seven dollars, how much are two such loads worth?

7. What is the cost of three yards of cloth at three dollars a yard?

8. A window has two sashes, each containing eight panes of glass: how many panes in the window?

9. If one barrel of apples costs four dollars, what is the cost of three barrels?

10. What is the cost of two pounds of raisins at nine cents a pound?

11. How many are four times three books?

12. One dime is equal to ten cents; how many cents in two dimes?

13. If one postage stamp costs three cents, how much do nine such stamps cost?

14. If one pound of iron costs five cents, what is the cost of three pounds?

15. If one pair of shoes cost three dollars, how much will six pairs cost?

16. What will four yards of braid cost at two cents a yard?

17. If cloth is worth three dollars a yard, what are eight yards worth?

18. If a farmer gets five pounds of wool from one sheep, how much does he get from four sheep?

19. There are seven days in a week; how many days in four weeks?

20. If Henry goes to school five days each week, how many days does he go in five weeks?

21. If one ton of hay is worth eight dollars, how much are four tons worth?

22. Frank can throw a stone six yards, and his father can throw one five times as far: how far can he throw?

Elem. 4.

23. There are six spoons in a half-dozen; how many spoons in four half-dozens?

24. Susan had five peaches, and Mary had seven times as many as Susan: how many had Mary?.

25. Since one cat has four paws, how many paws have five cats?

26. How many apples on six plates, each containing eight apples?

27. In one peck there are eight quarts; how many quarts in seven pecks.

28. How many days are there in five weeks?

29. If one pound of flour cost nine cents, what will four pounds cost?

30. There is an orchard of six rows of trees, with six trees in a row: how many trees in the orchard?

31. Each step in a flight of stairs is nine inches high; how many inches will you ascend in five steps?

32. If you work seven examples each day, how many will you work in six days?

33. How many are seven times seven bushels?

34. There are seven days in one week; how many days in nine weeks?

35. What will be the cost of five pounds of grapes at nine cents a pound?

36. A sheet of paper can be folded so as to make four leaves; how many leaves will nine such sheets make?

37. What is the cost of ten pounds of brown sugar at seven cents a pound?

38. There are twelve inches in a foot; how many inches in eight feet?

39. How many inches in six feet?

40. If one barrel of flour cost ten dollars, how much will six barrels cost?