DIVISION OF FEDERAL MONEY. RULE. Write the numbers, and point the quotient as in Division of Decimals. EXAMPLES. Art. 98.-1. Bought 8 bushels of wheat for $17.92. How much was it per bushel? 2. Bought 9 pounds of tea for $3.37. Ans. $2.24. What was it per 3. Bought tea to the amount of $3.371, at What quantity did I buy? 4. Bought 14 bushels of corn for $21.75. it per bushel? 5. If a man pay $38.437 for 20 was it per cask? 6. Bought 6 yoke of oxen for $450. each ox? What was paid for SUPPLEMENT TO DECIMAL FRACTIONS AND FEDERAL MONEY. Art. 99.-1. Purchased 49.5 pounds of butter of A., at 12 cents per pound; 37.51 pounds of B., at 183 cents per pound; 155.05 pounds of C., at 20 cents per pound. How many pounds did I buy, and what was the cost of the whole? Ans. {$44.23+. 242.06 pounds. 2. When butter is worth 18 cents 4 mills per pound, how many pounds can be bought for $671.60? Ans. 3650 pounds. 3. At 9 mills per yard, how many yards of tape can be bought for 45 dollars, 81 cents, 9 mills? Ans. 5091 yds. 4. If 5091 yards of tape be worth $45.819, what is 1 yard worth? Ans. 9 mills. 5. What will 629.21 feet of boards cost, at $20.18 per thousand? 6. What will 36 bushels 9 tenths of corn amount to, at 1 dollar 5 tenths per bushel? Ans. $55.35. 7. If corn be worth 3 and 5 tenths as much as potatoes, which are worth 25 hundredths of a dollar per bushel, and rye 5 tenths more than corn, and wheat 2 and 4 tenths mor chan rye, what is the value of wheat? Ans. $15. 8. Bought 4 cords of wood for $12.28; 15 pounds of beef for $1.25. How much do I pay for the whole, and how much more for the wood than for the beef? 9. Bought 28 bushels of potatoes, at 28 cents a bushel; 45 bushels of apples at $1.124 per bushel. How much did the whole cost, and how much more did the apples cost than the potatoes? Ans. cost. $43.347 difference. BILLS OF PARCELS. Art. 100. It is customary for the merchant, when he delivers goods, to give also a bill of the articles, and their prices, with the amount cast up. Such bills are called Bills of Parcels. 12 yards of broadcloth, at $3.87 per yard. 51 casks of nails, at $5.50 per cask.. 112 pounds of iron, at 91 cents per pound. 16 pounds of steel, at 18 cents per pound.. 25 pounds of lead, at 94 cents per pound. 1 hogshead of sugar, (8 cwt.) at $9.24 per cwt. 2 boxes of glass, at $7.50 per box.. $191.810 COMPOUND NUMBERS. Art. 101.-ALL preceding numbers have been simple; that is, numbers whose sum may be expressed by a certain number of units of one and the same kind, as 256. By reference to Notation, it will be seen, that this expression is 2 hundreds, & tens, and 6 units, which, instead of being written separately, are expressed as two hundred and fifty-six units, which are Isaid to be of the same denomination. But if a man have 10 pounds and 2 shillings, he cannot add them so as to make 12 pounds, nor 12 shillings, but they must be expressed separately. So if a man travel 3 miles and 25 rods, the sum is neither 28 miles, nor 28 rods; but they must, in like manner, be expressed, the miles and the rods each by themselves. So of feet and inches, barrels, quarts, and pints. These are called different denominations. Hence, compound numbers are those which treat of quantities consisting of different denominations. TABLES OF COMPOUND NUMBERS. .1 cent, ct. .1 dime, d .1 dollar, dol. .1 eagle, e. The 10 dollars The above denominations of Federal Money are authorized by the laws of the United States; but, in the transaction of business in New England, we seldom hear any of them named but dollars and cents. "A coin is a piece of money stamped, and having legal value. coms of the United States are, three of gold; the eagle, half-eagle, and quarter-eagle; five of silver, the dollar, half-dollar, quarter-dollar, dime, and half-dime; and two of copper, the cent and half-cent. Of the small foreign coins current in the United States, the most common are the New England four-pence-halfpenny, or New York sixpence, worth 64 cents; and the New England ninepence, or New York shilling, worth 12 cents. The value of the several denominations of English money is different in different places. A dollar is reckoned at 4s. 6d. in England; 5s. in Canada; 6s. in New England, Virginia, and Kentucky; 88. in New York, Ohio, and North Carolina; 7s. 6d. in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland; and 4s. 8d. in South Carolina and Georgia." "The year is commonly divided into 12 months, as in the following table, called calendar months: Months. 1 January, 2 February, 3 March, Days. M. 3017 July, 31 31/10 October, 314 April, 285 May, 318 August, 3111 November, 30 316 June, 3019 September, 3012 December, 31 Another day is added to February every fourth year, making 29 days in that month, and 366 in the year. Such years are called Bissextile, or Leap Year. To know whether any year is a common or leap year, divide it by 4; if nothing remain, it is leap year; but if 1, 2, or 3 remain, it is 1st, 2d, or 3d after leap year. The number of days in the several months may be called to mind by the following verse: Thirty days hath September, Which hath twenty-eight, nay more, The true solar year consists of 365 days, 5h. 48m. 57s., or nearly 3651 days. A common year is 365 days, and one day is added in leap year to make up the loss of of a day in each of the preceding years. This method of reckoning was ordered by Julius Cæsar, 40 years before the birth of Christ, and is called the Julian Account, or Old Style. But, as the true year falls 11m. 3s. short of 365 days, the addition of a day every fourth year was too much by 44m. 12s. This amounted to one day in about 130 years. To correct this error, Pope Gregory, in 1582, ordered that 10 days should be struck out of the calendar, by calling the 5th of October the 15th; and to prevent its recurrence, he ordered that each succeeding century divisible by 4, as 16 hundred, 20 hundred, and 24 hundred, should be leap years, but that the centuries not divisible by 4, as 17 hundred, 18 hundred and 19 hundred, should be common years. This reckoning is called the Gregorian, or New Style. The New Style differs now 12 days from the Old Style." Art. 105.-Troy Weight. Troy weight is used in weighing gold, silver, platina, diamonds, and other precious stones. The standard Troy pound of the United States, is the weight of 22.794377 cubic inches of distilled water, weighed in air. Art. 106.-Apothecaries' Weight. This weight is used only by apothecaries and physicians in compounding medicines. "The original standard of all our weights was a corn of wheat taken from the middle of the ear, and well dried. These were called grains, and 32 of them made one pennyweight. But it was afterwards thought sufficient to divide this same pennyweight into 24 equal parts, still calling the parts grains, and these are the basis of the table of Troy weight, by which are weighed gold, silver, and jewelry. Apothecaries' weight is the same as Troy weight, only having different divisions between grains and ounces. Apothecaries make use of this weight in compounding their medicines, but they buy and sell their drugs by Avoirdupois weight. In buying and selling coarse and drossy articles, it became customary to allow a greater weight than that used for small and precious articles, and this custom at length established Avoirdupois, or common weight, by which all articles are weighed, with the following exceptions. Avoirdupois weight is about one-sixth part more than Troy weight,—the former being 7000 grains, and the latter 5750 grains. In buying and selling by the hundred weight, 28 pounds have been called a quarter, 112 pounds a cwt.; but this practice of grossing, as it is called, is now pretty generally laid aside, and 25 pounds are considered a quarter, and 4 quarters (100 pounds) a hundred weight." Art. 107.-Avoirdupois, or Common Weight. This weight is used in weighing most kinds of merchandise, and all metals, except silver and gold. This measure is used in measuring distances, lengths, breadths, heighths, and depths. |