ON STEAM AND THE STEAM ENGINE. SPECIALLY ARRANGED FOR THE USE OF FIRST-YEAR SCIENCE AND ART, CITY AND GUILDS OF LONDON INSTITUTE AND OTHER ELEMENTARY ENGINEERING STUDENTS. BY ANDREW JAMIESON, M.INST.C.E. " PROFESSOR OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, THE GLASGOW AND WEST OF SCOTLAND TECHNICAL COLLEGE; MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS; FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY, EDINBURGH; 22 66 AUTHOR OF 39 66 APPLIED MECHANICS," MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY," ETC. FIFTH EDITION. With Numeruos Diagrams, Arithmetical Examples, AND EXAMINATION QUESTIONS. LONDON: CHARLES GRIFFIN AND COMPANY, LIMITED. EXETER STREET, STRAND. 1897. [All rights reserved ] TH 6947101 E PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION. THE Fifth Edition has been carefully revised, and ANDREW JAMIESON. THE GLASGOW AND WEST OF SCOTLAND TECHNICAL COLLEGE, September 1896. INSTRUCTIONS TO BE FOLLOWED IN THE WRITING OF HOME EXERCISES. I. Put the date of handing-in each exercise at the right hand top corner. 2. Leave a margin an inch wide on the left hand side of each page; and In the margin place the number of the question, and nothing more. 3. Leave a space of at least four lines between your answers for remarks or corrections. 4. Be sure you understand exactly what the question requires you to answer, then give all it requires, but no more. If unable to answer any question, write down its number and the reason why. 5. Make your answers concise, clear, and exact; and accompany them, whenever practicable, by an illustrative sketch. 6. Make all sketches large, open, and in the centre of page, and do not crowd writing about them. (NOTE. The character of sketches will be considered in awarding marks.) 7. Every sketch must be accompanied by an "Index of parts" written Immediately beneath it, and must accompany the answer it is designed to illustrate. (NOTE.—The initial letter or letters of the name of the part must be used, and not A, B, C, or 1, 2, 3, &c.) 8. Unless specially asked by the question, every sketch must be accompanied by a concise written description. 9. Every answer which receives less than five marks must be re-written correctly for next evening, before the usual class work, and headed "Re-written." REMARKS. Students are strongly recommended to write out each answer in scroll first, and then to compare it with the question. After committing the answer to their book, they should then read it over a second time, to correct any errors they may discover. Reasonable and easily intelligible contractions are permitted. Students are invited to ask questions and explanations regarding anything they do not understand. Except in special cases, arrears of Home work will not receive marks. N.B.-Students who from any cause have been absent from a lecture should send a post card or note of explanation to their teacher. If they miss any exercise or exercises they must state the reason (in red ink or underlined), in their exercise books when handing them in next night. PREFACE. THIS Manual has been written expressly for Apprentice Engineers and Elementary or First-year Students studying Steam and the Steam Engine. It covers the elementary stage of the Science and Art Department's Examination in Steam, and, for the most part, the First Steam Engine Section of the City and Guilds of London Institute's Technological Examination in Mechanical Engineering. The book contains twenty-eight short Lectures, with a selection of Questions at the end of each Lecture, systematically arranged in the order of treatment of the subject. The first three Lectures are devoted to the mensuration of lengths, surface areas, and volumes. It is most desirable that the student should know how to find the circumference, area, and volume of a cylinder, &c. &c., before he commences to study steam and the steam engine. If arithmetic were properly taught in schools, there would be no necessity for introducing mensuration here; but unfortunately, with the Educational Codes at present in force, arithmetic is not mastered nearly so thoroughly as it used to be at least in Scotland! Lectures IV. to XVII. are devoted to the consideration of elementary phenomena in connection with heat and steam, and their actions on the cylinder and the condenser of an engine. This may be termed the preparatory or theoretical portion of the book. Lectures XVIII. and XIX. explain the difference between Newcomen's and Watt's, between single- and double-acting, and between simple expansion, compound, triple, and quadruple expansion engines. Here a little history is introduced, but throughout the book historical events and descriptions of defunct forms of steam engines are avoided as far as possible, for the junior student should first master the principles and action of the steam engine |