-

which the average importation of 28 years affords, together with the increase of population, the augmented quantities the artisan is enabled by cheapness to consume, and the decline of agriculture, are enforced by the view presented by the coming harvest. The long drought has all but destroyed the crop of beans, peas, oats, and barley, on the light lands; and the wheat has by no means escaped severe injury. We have lying under our eye, at the moment we thus write, a tract of land, which last year, at this time, exhibited the most exuberant growth. The barleys and oats, which adjoin the fields of hay recently got up, are scarcely less brown than the shorn grassthe blade very rarely exceeds six inches in height, except where very early sown; and, on lifting up our eyes, we see as much soil as verdure. Nor is this an uncommon case -the whole light land districts are in the same state; to which is to be added the unusually foul condition of the land. We certainly never witnessed such a garniture of red weed, carlick, docks, and thistles, as now serve to diversify the colour and reduce the value of the various crops. Nothing gives so painful or so positive a proof of the farmer's self-abandonment and hopelessness: but so it is. A very little longer continuance of the drought will render the barley scarcely worth the expense of harvesting, and in any event the quantity must be incalculably shortened. These facts, so pregnant with evil to the farmer, add strikingly to the chance of open ports before the harvest of 1823. Our view of the subject is, that the distress will be much aggrava

ted, soon after Michaelmas, by the call of landlords for their arrears-that in conse quence much corn will be forced into the market and the price kept down. When these the first effects are passed over, the market will be more sparingly supplied; the price will rise. and the grand problem, whether the kingdom does, or does not produce enough for its consumption, will be solved. In any event, the ensuing year will probably be a year of much speculation, for the low rate of the interest of money will invite adventure not less than the circumstances attending the nature of the commodity and the larger field it affords.

The hay harvest has been favoured by the absence of that moisture which is so indispensable to the other branches of vegetation. The upland crop has all been got up without a drop of rain falling upon it, and the meadows are now cutting. The se cond crop must, however, be rendered exceedingly short, and in many parts there will be none at all. The drought has also retarded the sowing of turnips; and where sown they will, of course, be much injured, though the breadth is comparatively small.

The meat markets have exhibited nearly the same appearances as noticed in our last— a stagnant price and a slack demand. Mutton 2s. 6d. per stone; beef 3s. at Smithfield. At York wool fair, hog-wool sold at 13s. to 16s. Hog and ewe at 12s. 6d. to 14s. Inferior ditto at 11s. per stone of 15lbs. The price of butter in the provin cial markets is considerably raised within a week, from the drought. June 22.

We have now to notice the commencement of that change in our commercial system to which we have had frequent occasion to allude. Of the bills introduced by the recommendation of the Committee on Foreign Trade, three have already passed both Houses, and wait only the Royal sanction to become laws: a fourth is in the last stage of its progress through the Upper House, and yet the public seems not to have paid that attention to them which their importance demands, not only from the effect of their enactments, but as the commencement of a new system, and as the first instance in which practical statesmen have avowedly acted on the more liberal principles of political economy. The first and least important of the three bills, though much the longest, is "An act to repeal divers ancient statutes, and parts of statutes, so far as they relate to the importation and exportation of goods and merchandise, from

and to foreign countries." This includes such acts as were passed between the reign of Edward III, and the date of the Act of Navigation, 12th of Charles II; and which, though inconsistent with, or su perseded by subsequent acts, have hitherto remained unrepealed. The acts thus repealed are some hundreds in number.

The second bill, "An Act to repeal certain acts, and parts of acts, relating to the importation of goods and merchandise," cancels statutes, and parts of statutes, subsequent to the reign of Charles II, in order that other regulations relating to importation may be consolidated, and comprised in one act. This act repeals the 3d, 8th, 12th, and 14th sections of the act of navigation, and several other acts, and parts of acts, from Charles II, to the present time, which it was necessary to cancel, to make way for the enactments of the third bill-"An Act for the encourage

ment of navigation and commerce, by regulating the importation of goods and merchandise, so far as relates to the countries or places from whence, and the ships in which, such importation is made." While this new bill maintains the general principle of the act of navigation, it enacts dispositions adapted to the altered situation of the world. By the former act South American produce was to be imported only from certain ports in Spain or Portugal, or in Portuguese and Spanish ships. By this bill, "goods of any place or country in America, or the West Indies, belonging to, or which have belonged to Spain, may be imported direct from the place of growth, in ships of the country. No importation is permitted in foreign ships from any port in America or the West Indies where British ships are not admitted. On the whole, we are inclined to think, that both in the selection of the enumerated articles, which must be imported exclusively in British ships, or in ships belonging to the place whence the commodities come, as well as in the relaxations which it allows of the law with regard to Holland, &c. it will be acknowledged to have been drawn up with great wisdom and sound knowledge of the true principles of commerce. Mr. Wallace having deferred the warehousing bill " to the next session, it does not require any notice at present. The reports of the markets have been so uniformly unfavourable, during the last month, that we shall have little occasion to go into detail.

66

Cotton. The accounts from Liverpool and the manufacturing districts having been generally unfavourable, the market has been very languid; and though no general reduction can be stated, yet purchases might be made a shade lower. In the week ending the 18th, the purchases were 450 bales, all in bond, viz. 100 Pernams fair 114d; 30 Bahias 91d; 80 Boweds 84d. a 9d. for good fair 10, and very ordinary 8d.; a few stained Sea Islands very ordinary 8d.; and about 250 Bengal 5d. good fair, to 5 d. for good.

The public sale on the 18th, fair middling Bahia, 193 bags, were all taken in at 9 d. a 10d., no offers.

This day (the 21st) there has been a sale at the India-house of 1000 bags of Surat, and 400 Bourbon. The Surats (being ordinary to good in quality), were all sold at 53d. a 6d. per lb., being a reduction of d. a d. per lb. upon the sale in February last; of the Bourbons about one half were sold at the extreme low prices of 91d. a 114d. for the common qualities up to real fine, and the remainder bought in at 9d. a 113d. per lb.

At Liverpool, from the 18th of May to, the 15th of June, the sales were only 25,050 bags, and the arrivals nearly

57,000 bags. 11,000 bags of the above were sold in the last of the four weeks, the depression in the prices tempting buyers; [ yet there was such a disposition to sell that there was a general reduction of ¡d. a d per lb.

Sugar. We regret to say, that the su gar market is not only extremely languid, but that there has been a most alarming diminution in the delivery of about 1000 hhds. weekly; nay, in the week ending June 4, the deliveries were 1800 casks less than in the corresponding week of 1821. This great falling off is ascribed to! the refiners giving up working, which many of them have actually done, and discharged their workmen; and unless the government : does something by way of bounty, or other encouragement, the valuable trade of re-fined sugars for exportation will be lost to this country. The value of refined su gars, exported during the first three months of 1822, was 393,5371. of which 214,0002,. were to the Mediterranean, to Hamburgh 120,000. to Bremen 20000 and to Ireland 19,00012. The prices of Museovades rather gave way early in the week, and there were few purchases reported by private contract, as the buyers waited the event of the public sale advertised for yesterday: it consisted of, 591 hhds. 19 tierces and 50 brls. St. Lucia sugars, and, con trary to the general expectation, the whole sold freely, fully supporting the previous market prices: low brown 50s. a 51s., the remainder according to quality 54s. a 66s. ; the market since has been more firm than for several weeks preceding. In refined goods there is little alteration: the finer qualities are in good demand for home consumption, and at steady prices; the purchases made for export are still inconsiderable. Molasses are to-day 258. At public sales this week nearly 1000 chests. Havannah sugars were brought forward; the whole sold heavily at a further reduction of 1s. a 2s.

White, fine ..... middling.

Yellow....

.37s. a 37s. 6d. .33s. 6d. a 36s. 7 .25s. a 26s.

Coffee. In the week ending June 4th, Jamaica declined from 38. to 5s. the cwt. and Dominica from 1s. to 2s., and in the following week there was a further decline of 2s. per cwt. The public sales in these

two weeks were considerable. On the 11th there were three public sales, the Porto Rico sold 28. a 38. higher, the St. Domingo at foriner rates; good ordinary Porto Rico 104s. a 106s. 6d., fine ordinary 107s. a 108s. 6d. middling 117s. 6d. a 120s.; middling Dominica 120s. a 120s. 6d. good and fine middling 124s. a 130s. 6d. ; ordinary to good ordinary St. Domingo 988. a 100s. In the following week, though the public sales amounted to 1,684 casks and 1,273 bags; the whole sold briskly, and in general at prices 1s. to 2s. per cwt. higher; but at three public sales on the 18th the prices declined again 1s. to 2s. and the market was heavy; middling Dominica sold at 123s. to 123s. 6d. ; a large parcel of good middling Berbice was taken in at 1298. to 130s.; good middling Jamaica 1808. to 132s. 6d. There have been very extensive public sales of coffee brought forward this week; the whole has gone off with considerable briskness, and at full prices.

This forenoon four sales were again brought forward; the quantity appeared to be too considerable even for the present great demand: the prices were a shade lower, and the market dull, yet no general reduction in the prices can be stated.

Tea. A good deal of sensation has been excited by the accounts of the suspension of the trade at Canton, in consequence of an affray between some sailors of the Topaze frigate and the Chinese. A considerable advance has taken place in the prices since the conclusion of the India sale which commenced on the 4th instant. The advance has been 1d. per lb. on Bohea; 2d. to 24d. on Congo, and 24d. to 4d. on Twankay. The market yesterday and today has been rather damped, by favourable intelligence up to the 19th February, when the differences with the Chinese authorities were in a fair way of being arranged.

Rum, Brandy, and Hollands. The Rum market is extremely depressed, and fine qualities are offered at a further reduction without facilitating sales to any extent. The low prices of Brandy have revived the demand, and an improvement of 2d. per gallon has taken place. Geneva without alteration.

Spices.-There is a considerable revival in the demand for Pepper, and few sellers of Company's at 6d. By public sale this forenoon, 83 bags Pimento, middling quality, sold at 84d. good 8d.

Indigo. The quantity arrived for the sale 9th proximo little exceeds 2,000 chests: there is little alteration in the prices.

Logwood.-The late arrivals from Jamaica sell at 97. 98. per ton. Oil.-By public sale on Tuesday, about 70 tons Sperm Oil, 401. a 421.; 42 tons Southern Oil, 201. 5s. a 201. 158.

Hemp. By public sale on Tuesday, 60 tons sound St. Petersburgh clean Hemp sold 357. 15s. a 36. 10s.; it was of an inferior quality, soft. In Flax little doing.

Tallow, &c.-The demand for foreign Tallow has become languid; the prices must again be quoted lower: for yellow candle Tallow, parcels here, the nearest price is 35s., and for arrival 36s.

By public sale on Tuesday, 35 casks Siberia Tallow realized good prices, 32s. a 33s. 3d.

Palm Oil. By public sale this forenoon, 307 casks Palm Oil, chiefly 22s. a 23s.

FOREIGN COMMERCE.

Archangel, May 10th.-Four vessels from foreign ports have already arrived, a circumstance unparalleled so early in the season: on the other hand, very few barks have yet come down from the interior, but most of them are in the neighbourhood, and only detained by contrary winds. There is every appearance that, contrary to the usual course of things, our summer prices will be lower than in winter. Our last accounts say that the Mats this year are of very good quality, and that the supply will be greater than was at first expected.

Riga, 24th May.-Flax. The prices last paid were, for Thienhausen and Druiania Rackitzer, 45 r.; grey ditto 40r.; cut Badstub, white 38r.; grey 36 r.; Risten Threeband, 29 r. a 30 r.-Hemp. Clean Ukraine has been bought at 100 a 105 r.; Polish ditto, 105 a 106 r.; but very little has been doing in it; inferior sorts on the contrary have not only continued in constant request, but higher prices have been given for them, viz. Ukraine, outshot, 85 r.; Polish ditto, 87 r.; Ukraine Pass, 75 r.; Polish, 77 a 78 r.; and at these prices there are more buyers than sellers. Polish Torse may be had at 47 r. -Hemp Oil, at 93 r. meets with but few purchasers.-Potashes. We have lately received some supplies. Purchases might have been made at 33 r. but there are few buyers.-Herrings. 13 Cargoes having arrived in a short time, the prices have been rather depressed: Bergen in beech barrels are offered at 72 r.; in fir barrels at 70 r. ; at which prices however there have been considerable sales. No sale has yet been effected of the cargoes of Salt lately arrived, the purchasers refusing to give the prices hitherto paid. While Havannah Sugars have been sold at 17 cop. at from 4 to 6 months credit; yellow, likewise on credit at, 114. cop.

Hamburgh, 8th June-Coffee. Though the greater part of our divers spring sup plies has arrived, yet except the inferior sorts which have been a trifle lower, all descriptions have maintained their prices, with a brisk demand. Above 35,000 lbs. of damaged Domingo has been sold by

auction at 103d. to 114d.; the best sold even at 11 d. to 114d. By private contract the following prices have been obtained: good ordinary Domingo, 114d. to 11d.; fine ordinary ditto 11d.; fine ordinary Porto Rico, 124d.; small middling ditto, 12d.; middling ditto, 134d.; good middling ditto, 134d. to 14d.-Indigo continues in demand, and some purchases have been made of it, as well as of Gum Senegal. -Corn. Even by the mode of public auction which was again had recourse to last week, very little wheat could be sold, and even this at the low price of 77 rix dollars for good Upland; another parcel of fine heavy Mecklenburg was sold by private contract at 77 rix dollars.

Lemberg (in Austrian Galicia), 26th May. The new Russian tariff has spread consternation among our linen manufacturers, and the glass manufacturers of Bohemia. Another circumstance equally unfavourable to our trade is, that at the end of this month the new Russian tariff is to be in force in Bessarabia, in the room of the late provisional administration of the customs which levied only a duty of from 3 to 6 per cent. on the value of the goods to be imported. The merchants at Brody have profited as far as possible of this short interval, to send all the stock on hand, of refined sugar, by speedy conveyances to Bessarabia. The importation of our Moravian cloths to that province is now quite put a stop to, for the importation by way of St. Petersburgh cannot avail us. It is possible that some alterations may soon take place in the Austrian tariff, for sealed orders have been sent to all the principal custom houses, with directions to open them on the 1st of June.

Francfort, June 15.-Fresh difficulties appear to have arisen in bringing the negociations at Darmstadt, for a commercial

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union between the South German States, to the hoped for conclusion. Meantime the second Chamber of the Assembly of the States of Baden, resolved on presenting an address to the Grand Duke, in which they request him to take measures of reprisal against those states whose prohibitory system is most injurious to Baden, and particularly against France, and to this end to cause a law to be laid before the Diet, by which-1. The importation of all French produce, without exception, shall be wholly prohibited, and the transit duty on such produce raised so high, as to be equivalent to a prohibition-2. To adopt similar measures against Rhenish Prussia, if the Prussian Government does not take off the enormous duties: and 3. To propose similar measures against Holland and England.

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The Leipzig Easter fair, which at the commencement did not appear likely to be a good one, has, it seems, turned out much better than could possibly have been expected, considering the effects of the new Russian tariff, and the disturbed state of Greece. Formerly a fourth part of the purchases at the fairs were made by Greeks and their agents. Of course this branch of trade is wholly destroyed.

Hamburgh, June 15.-Coffee in great demand, and prices very firm.-Corn in demand on speculation, on account of the continued drought.-Tobacco in request, and prices improving-Tea more in de mand, and rising in price.-Sugar. Little done this week; the prices of refined, unaltered; raw rather duller, especially or dinary white Havannah and Brazil.

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