26. One thousand thousands make a million, and one thousand millions make a billion.

27. Millions and billions, like thousands, are numbered from one to nine hundred ninety-nine inclusive. Millions are written in the seventh, eighth, and ninth places on the line of notation and are followed by six ciphers; billions are written in the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth places, and are followed by nine ciphers.

Thus, 212,000,000 represents two hundred twelve million; 452,000,000,000 represents four hundred fifty-two billion.

28. If each number less than one million is united in turn with one million, the numbers between one million and two million are formed; if united with two million, the numbers between two million and three million are formed; and so on until the numbers between nine hundred ninetynine million and one billion are formed. In a similar manner, if each number less than one billion is united with each of the billions, the numbers between the billions up to a trillion are formed.

29. A number may be expressed in figures by separating it into units, thousands, millions, billions, etc., and writing these in succession from the highest to the lowest, allowing three places for each after the highest.

Thus, five billion two hundred sixty-seven million thirty-eight thousand four hundred twenty-nine is written 5,267,038,429.

NOTE.

When a number consists of more than four figures, it is customary to separate them by commas or spaces into groups of three figures each, beginning at the right.

1. Beginning at billions, name the periods to units. 2. Name the orders in units' period.

3. Name the orders in millions' period.

4. Name the orders in thousands' period.

5. How many ciphers are required to write one billion? 6. Counting from the right, what is the third period? 7. Name the number made up of 267 units of the second period.

8. Name the number made up of seven units of the third order.

9. Name the number made up of 46 units of the third period.

10. Name the number made up of 5 units of the sixth order.

II. How many thousands make a million?

12. How many millions make a billion?

13. In the number 276,853 tell what number each figure represents.

14. In the number 7,840,009,060 what does the 7 represent? the 840? the 009? the 060?

15. What is the name of 1000 billions?

Read:

16. We use in a single year 90,000,000 cords of firewood and 44,000,000,000 board feet of lumber.

17. In a recent year 4,002,000 cords of wood were used in the manufacture of paper.

18. In a recent year the United States produced 3,125,713,000 bushels of Indian corn; 695,443,000 bushels of wheat; 1,126,765,000 bushels of oats; 162,227,000 bushels of barley; 33,039,000 bushels of rye; and 17,239,000 bushels of buckwheat.

Exercise 3

Copy the following, writing the numbers in figures:

1. The English language contains about six hundred thousand words.

2. Yellowstone National Park contains two million one hundred forty-two thousand seven hundred twenty acres, and Yosemite National Park contains seven hundred nineteen thousand six hundred twenty-two acres.

3. The United States produced, in a recent year, three hundred twenty-eight million one hundred ten thousand seven hundred forty-nine pounds of wool, and Argentina three hundred twenty-eight million seven hundred thirty

one thousand pounds. The total production of wool in North America in that year was three hundred forty million three hundred twenty thousand seven hundred fortynine pounds; the total in Europe was eight hundred four million nine hundred five thousand seventy-four pounds; in South America four hundred thirty-six million seven hundred sixteen thousand pounds.

4. The English language is spoken by more than one hundred fifty million people; the German, by more than one hundred twenty million people; the Russian, by more than ninety million; the French, by more than sixty million; the Spanish, by more than fifty million; the Italian, by more than forty million; and the Portuguese, by more than forty million.

5. The quantity of salt produced in this country in 1908, according to statistics compiled by the United States Geological Survey, amounted to twenty-eight million eight hundred twenty-two thousand sixty-two barrels of two hundred eighty pounds each, valued at seven million five hundred fifty-three thousand six hundred thirty-two dollars. The states producing the greatest quantity were as follows: Michigan, ten million one hundred ninety-four thousand two hundred seventy-nine barrels; New York, nine million seventy-six thousand seven hundred fortythree barrels Ohio, thirteen million four hundred twentyseven thousand four hundred seventy-eight barrels; and Kansas, two million five hundred eighty-eight thousand eight hundred fourteen barrels.

Reading Numbers Approximately

30. The distance from New York to Prescott, Ariz., is 2861 miles. Approximate distances from New York to Prescott are 3000 miles, 2900 miles, and 2860 miles. 3000 miles expresses the distance correct to the nearest 1000 miles, as 3000 miles is nearer 2861 miles than is 2000 miles. 2900 miles expresses the distance correct to the nearest 100 miles, as 2900 miles is nearer 2861 miles than is 2800 miles. 2860 miles expresses the distance correct to the nearest 10 miles, as 2860 miles is nearer 2861 miles than is 2870.

(Refer to Table, Sec. 30, in answering these questions.)

1. Read the distance from New York to each of the cities named in the table.

2. Read the distance from New York to each of the cities named in the table, correct to the nearest 10 miles.

3. Read the distance from New York to each of the cities named in the table, correct to the nearest 100 miles.