4. What should be the thickness of a cast-iron pipe 1 foot in diameter County to resist a greatest working pressure of 1,200 feet of water? In Surveyorship what lengths are such pipes usually made? (Ireland), November 1869.

5. In what manner and to what extent would you specify that these pipes should be tested? How should the joints of large pipes, subject to high pressure, be made?

6. In examining the site of a reservoir for water supply, what would guide you in estimating the available water from rainfall. How may this be affected by the physical nature of the country?

7. Describe an Artesian well, and what peculiarities in the subjacent strata are necessary for its proper working.

8. If a well be sunk in permeable but very dense strata, how may an increased supply be obtained without increasing the depth of the well?

9. A dam is to be formed across a ravine, the average declivity of which is 1 in 100, and average contraction above the proposed dam (at which point it is 500 feet wide) is 1 in 10, so as to form a reservoir capable of containing 10 million gallons. The top of the dam is to be 1 foot above the water level of the reservoir.

Calculate the dimensions of the dam necessary, drawing a hand sketch, with figured dimensions, of its cross section. The sides of the ravine may for simplicity be supposed vertical, and the bottom of every cross section horizontal.

10. In constructing a large dam for a reservoir how would you deal with the following points, specifying what is to be attended to and what guarded against,—

1. Material for construction of dam.

2. Drawing off the supply, the tunnel.

3. Impermeability of embankment.

4. Storm waters.

5. Springs in seat of embankment.

6. Purification of the water.

11. What daily supply and what reserve storage would you consider necessary in the case of a town of 60,000 inhabitants?

HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING.

WATER SUPPLY, SEWAGE, AND IRRIGATION.
Time allowed, 3 hours.

12. Calculate the discharge from the egg-shaped brick sewer figured,
when flowing two thirds full with a fall of 1 foot in 1,000.
What should be the thickness of its ring of brickwork?

Ө

County
Surveyorship
(Ireland), No-
vember 1869.

13. What velocity is desirable (1) in main sewers; (2) in drain pipes? 14. State some of the arguments for and against the separation of rainfall from the drainage from houses, &c. in large towns. Do the same arguments equally apply to rural districts?

15. Draw a hand sketch of an air trap as applied to drains in houses: show also in a similar manner what you consider to be the best mode of forming the connexions of house drains with branch drains, and of the latter with main drains.

16. In laying stone-ware pipe drains how would you make the joints? 17. What precautions should be taken in laying sewage drain pipes in a loose damp soil?

18. State the principles and leading features, and advantages or defects of the following systems of utilizing sewage.

(1) By subterranean irrigation.

(2) By underground pipes and distribution by hose and jet.
(3) By open carriers.

(4) By submersion.

Give any instance of the application of each.

COUNTY WORKS, INCLUDING ARCHITECTURE, ROADS,
DRAINAGE, AND RIVER WORKS. I.

Time allowed, 3 hours.

1. Describe the chief characteristics of what is termed the " perpendicular" style of architecture, and name some of the best original examples.

2. Describe the ordinary method of constructing timber roofs for spans of 25 ft., 35 ft., and 50 ft. respectively. Give a cross section of a roof to span 33 ft.; all parts in tension, except the tiebeam, to be of iron. Mark the scantlings of all the timbers, &c., and give free-hand sketches of all the joints, straps, &c., as well as of the mode of laying the slates.

3. Illustrate by free-hand sketches the following descriptions of wooden floors, viz.,-single, double, and framed floors; and describe the different methods of laying down floor boards, stating the merits or defects of each method.

4. Make a vertical as well as a horizontal cross section through any
ordinary external doorway, showing clearly every detail of
construction. The frame to be fitted with a 4-panel double
margin door; the bottom panels to be bead flush, and butt;
the upper panels to be raised, with bolection mouldings, and
square at back.

5. Give a description, illustrated by free-hand sketches, of the ordinary
kinds of masonry employed in stone buildings, the purposes to
which they are particularly adapted, and the points which are
important in superintending the construction of each. Draw
out a specification for the masonry which you would make use
of in the walls of any public building, such as a court house.
6. Give a specification for the formation of a new road for moderately
heavy traffic. Width of road 25 feet, and of footpaths 6 feet
each. Enumerate the different kinds of stone suitable for
macadamizing, pointing out their different properties and
respective values as road metalling.

7. What are the most approved methods of forming artificial foun- County dations for roads? Give a description of the artificial foundation Surveyorship laid down on the Holyhead road by Telford.

8. In easing the gradients of roads in hilly countries by means of zigzags, what precautions ought to be taken in laying out the curved portions?

9. Describe and explain by means of free-hand sketches how you would construct a paved street for heavy traffic, specifying the nature and size of the materials to be used, and the mode of laying them.

Ireland), No vember 1869.

COUNTY WORKS, INCLUDING ARCHITECTURE, ROADS,
DRAINAGE, AND RIVER WORKS. II.

Time allowed, 3 hours.

10. A road crossing a range of hills zigzags down the steeper side of the range, how would you provide for the ordinary drainage and for the storm waters from the mountain?

11. A new road is to be made across a bog, how would you provide for keeping open the drainage communication between the lands on both sides?

12. State different cases of wet and difficult foundations which you
know or have had to deal with, especially exemplifying the use
of cofferdams (single and double), caissons, bearing piles, sheeting
piles, and concrete.

13. State the precautions you would take to preserve from scour the
bed of a mountain stream between the abutments of a bridge,
14. State fully the general considerations that would guide you in
selecting the site of a bridge, and in determining the amount
of obstruction that could safely be introduced into the waterway,
in the shape of piers and abutments. On what grounds would
you decide on the materials to be made use of in its construction,
viz., wood, iron, or stone.

15. Make a sketch of the bridge (for ordinary traffic) which you would
construct under the following conditions, showing the foundations,
and describing the method of putting them in :-Breadth of
stream to be bridged 60 feet, to be dealt with in two spans. The
roadway to be level. The banks are about 8 feet above the
water level, and consist on one side of a thick bed of stiff clay
about 6 feet below the surface, which dips towards the opposite
bank, where it underlies about 25 feet of sand and clay in
alternate layers. The depth of water in mid-stream is 9 feet,
and here the clay bed underlies about 6 feet of silt. State how
you would estimate the maximum working load in calculating
the strength of your bridge, and what proportion it ought to bear
to its ultimate strength.

STRENGTH AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS,
AND THE CALCULATIONS OF STRAINS. I.

Time allowed, 3 hours.

1. What are the characteristics of good timber? When ought it to be

felled, and why?

G 2

County
Surveyorship
(Ireland), No-

vember 1869.

2. What kinds of timber would you specify to be used for the following purposes?

Rafters.
Joists.

Flooring.

Bearing piles in foundations.
Fender or wharf piles.
Lock-gates.

Timber road bridges.

Earth wagons.

3. Give some simple means of ascertaining the weathering properties of stone, more especially to resist the action of frost.

4. What are the relative merits of Roman and Portland cement? Which is the heavier, and which the less liable to deteriorate by exposure? Explain why.

5. The best Portland cement is required for a work; specify the conditions it ought to fulfil, and the tests to which you would subject it, and the mode of applying them.

6. Draw out a specification for a thick bed of concrete in foundations to carry a building on a damp site, describing the proportions of materials to be used, the mode of mixing and laying.

7. State the different kinds of bricks, and give a specification for "brickwork."

8. Limes from different stones and from chalk have different properties ; state them, and also state on what the property of setting under water of an hydraulic lime depends.

9. May sea-sand or sea-water be used in mortar with (1) lime, (2) hydraulic lime, (3) Portland cement?

10. Explain the difference in the qualities and properties of wrought and cast iron, and state what general considerations would influence you in deciding which to employ. What tests would you introduce into a specification for either?

11. Define the foilowing terms-Elasticity, limit of elasticity, modulus of elasticity.

12. Given a 4-inch square bar of iron 2 feet long, what force would it take to stretch it of an inch, taking the modulus of elasticity of wrought iron at 29,000,000 lbs.

STRENGTH AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS,
AND THE CALCULATIONS OF STRAINS. II.

Time allowed, 3 hours.

13. Define a beam of uniform strength, and a cross section of equal strength. Give figured sketch of cross section of a well proportioned cast iron beam.

14. Explain the difference between a live and dead load; and how would you take it into consideration in calculating the strength of a girder subjected to both a live and dead load.

15. If a beam supported at both ends can sustain a load of 5 cwts. at the centre, what load could it carry evenly distributed between the points of support.

16. A beam fixed at both ends (let Z= the distance in feet between the points of support) is loaded at the centre with a weight W, and at a point half way between the centre and one end with W1, determine the shearing stress at the support nearer to W1, a being the weight of the beam itself per foot run.

17. A beam is supported at both ends (let 1 = the distance between County
the points of support) and loaded with a weight W placed at a Surveyorship
distance m from one of the points of support. Find the bending
(Ireland), No-
moment at any point C, at a distance m +x from the same
vember 1869.
point of support, neglecting the weight of the beam itself. Also
explain what further steps would be required were the weight
of the beam taken into consideration.

18. Trace by arrows the directions of the stresses due to the weight W
in this girder-

W

distinguishing the parts in compression by thick lines, and
omitting such parts as are not affected by the load.

How are these stresses distributed throughout the top and
bottom booms or flanges?

Taking 45° as the angle of inclination between the struts and ties, determine the intensities of the different stresses in terms of W.

19. Two wrought iron tension bars are connected together thus:

Show in how many ways the joint might fail, and state the conditions under which every part of the joint where failure has to be guarded against, would be equally strong with the bar. 20. In lattice girders carrying live loads it may happen that some of the lattice bars will be at one time in tension at another in compression. How can this occur, and what provision should be made to meet it?

21. Give hand sketches of the various joints of plate iron, and explain would determine the number and spacing of the rivets

how

you

at a joint. Give an illustration.

22. Sketch an iron roof 30 feet span, and mark dimensions.

Assuming

the load of slates, &c. to be 40 lbs. per square foot, calculate the tensions of the various parts which are in tension.