The figure shows that 1 square yard, that is 3 feet square, contains 9 square feet, and from this we deduce the principle, that The area or surface of a square or rectangle may be found by multiplying the length by the breadth.

TABLE

144 square inches (sq. in.) make 1 square .oot...sq. ft.

NOTE.-Paving, painting, calcimining, etc., are estimated by the square

of 100 square feet.

1. Reduce 6 sq. yd. to square inches.

2. Reduce 10 A. to square rods.

3. Reduce 1 sq. mi. to square rods.

4. Reduce 2 sq. yd. 5 sq. ft. to square inches.

5. Reduce 5 A. 85 sq. rd. 20 sq. yd. 7 sq. ft. to square feet.

6. Reduce 65 A. 115 sq. rd. 13 sq. yd. 5 sq. ft. 120 sq. in. to square inches.

7. Reduce 960 sq. rd. to acres.

8. Reduce 2467 sq. in. to square yards.

9. Reduce 4178 sq. in. to square yards.

10. Reduce 16328 sq. in. to higher denominations.

11. How many square feet in a square measuring 7 ft. on a side?

12. What is the area in acres of a rectangular field measuring 150 rd. long by 80 rd. wide?

13. How much greater is the area of a lot 25 yd. square than a lot containing 25 sq. yd.?

14. How many yards of carpeting 1 yd. wide will be required to carpet a room 27 ft. long and 18 ft. wide?

15. What will it cost to paint a blackboard 46 ft. long and 4 ft. wide, at 27c per sq. yd.?

16. Find the cost of paving a street 600 ft. long and 46 ft. wide at 85c per square,

17. Find the cost of plowing a field 58 rods long and 34 rods

wide at $2.20 per A.

18. Find the number of square feet in the walls and ceiling of a room 20 ft. long, 16 ft. wide and 9 ft. 6 in. high.

19. What will it cost at $3.14 per square to plaster a court room 48 ft. long, 36 ft. wide and 25 ft. high?

20. What will it cost at $4.40 per square to put the roof on a house 52 ft. long, the rafters being 22 ft. on each side?

21. At $23 per A. what is the cost of a field 38 rd. long and 30 rd. wide?

22. Find the cost of a farm 80 rd. long and 33 rd. wide, at $36.50 per A.

23. How many yd. of carpet yd. wide, will it take to cover a floor 22 ft. long and 16 ft. wide?

24. What will it cost to carpet a room 30 ft. long and 25 ft. wide, with carpet 14 yd. wide at 80c per yard?

25. Find the cost of carpeting a room 36 ft. long, 28 ft. wide with carpet yd. wide at $1.15 per yard.

26. Find the number of strips of carpet 1 yd. wide run lengthwise of a floor 32 ft. long and 27 ft. wide. What does it cost at $1.10 per yd., allowing a waste of yd. on each strip for matching?

27. What will it cost at 60c per sq. yd. to concrete a walk 360 ft. long and 10 ft. 6 inches wide?

28. What will it cost at 4c per sq. yd. to build a walk 14 ft. wide around a block 240 ft. square?

29. What will it cost at 12c per sq. yd. to paper the walls and ceiling of a room 20 ft. long, 16 ft. wide and 9 ft. high?

30. What will it cost to plaster the sides and ceiling of a room 36 ft. 9 in. long, 27 ft. 6 in. wide and 10 ft. 6 in. high, at 21c per sq. yd., if 28 sq. yd. be allowed for doors and windows?

31. The length of a rectangular fish pond is 90 ft., and its width 75 feet. Immediately surrounding this pond is a sidewalk 12 ft. wide. What is the distance around the outer edge of the sidewalk?

32. A contractor received $247.50 for flagging a court-yard 30 feet long, at $2.75 per square yard. What was the width of the yard?

33. What is the difference in the areas of two rectangles, one 15 rd. long and 18 ft. wide, and the other 71 yd. long and 3 rd. wide?

34. A tinsmith covered a roof with 1152 sheets of tin, each sheet covering 40 by 20 inches. How many square feet of roof were there?

Board Measure

173. Board Measure is used by lumbermen in estimating the contents of boards, plank, joists, beams, etc.

174. A Board Foot is 1 ft. long 1 ft. wide and 1 in. thick, or a square foot 1 inch thick.

Boards 1 inch or less in thickness contain as many board feet as the surface of the board in square feet.

Boards more than an inch in thickness, and all squared lumber, are estimated by the number of square feet of boards one inch in thickness to which they are equivalent. Round timber such as masts, poles, etc., are estimated by cubic feet.

175. When lumber is one inch or less in thickness, to find the number of board feet, multiply the length in feet by the width in inches and divide by 12.

When more than one inch in thickness, the above result must be multiplied by the number of inches thick.

How many feet, board measure, in the following:

1. A board 16 ft. long, 1 ft. wide and in. thick?
2. A board 24 ft. long, 9 in. wide and 1 in. thick?
3. A board 14 ft. long, 14 ft. wide and 2 in. thick?
4. 25 boards 12 ft. long, 8 in. wide and 14 in. thick?
5. A stick of timber 6 in. by 8 in. and 18 ft. long?
6. 16 joists 2 in. by 4 in. and 13 ft. long?

7. 40 2-inch planks 14 in. wide and 14 ft. long?

8. 36 3-inch planks 9 in. wide and 20 ft. long?

9. A stick 1 ft. by 1 ft. and 27 ft. long?

10. What will it cost at $1.60 per hundred, to build a sidewalk 40 yd. long, 6 ft. wide, with planks in. thick?

11. What will it cost at $18 per thousand for lumber. 1 in. thick, to lay a floor in a room 19 by 24 ft., being allowed for matching the lumber?

12. At $12.50 per thousand, what will the lumber cost for siding a house 30 ft. long, 24 ft. wide and 16 ft. high, 30 sq. yd. being allowed for doors and windows and the gable ends being counted 544 sq. ft.?

13. Find the cost of the following bill of lumber: 10 pc. 2x414; 12 pc. 2x6-16; 20 pc. 2x8-18; 24 pc. 4x4-20; 20 pc. 4x8-20 @ $21 per M.; 96 pc. 2x12-16; 75 pc. 2x10-18 @ $25 per M.

Surveyor's Square Measure

176. Surveyor's Square Measure is used in computing the area or contents of land.

177. A Principal Meridian is a true north and south line established as a basis for government surveys. There are in the United States twenty-four principal meridians.

and Ohio rivers; the third starts from the mouth of the Ohio and runs north to the northern boundary of Illinois; the fourth begins at the mouth of the Illinois river and extends north through Wisconsin and Minnesota, governing surveys in Wisconsin, Northern Minnesota and Western Illinois; the fifth begins at the mouth of the Arkansas and governs surveys in Arkansas, Missouri, the greater part of Minnesota and Dakota east of the Missouri river; the sixth is the meridian of 97 deg. 22 min. west, extends south to latitude 37 deg. and north to the Missouri, and controls the surveys in Kansas, Nebraska, the Dakotas south and west of the Missouri, Wyoming and all of Colorado except a portion along the Rio Grande, which is surveyed by the New Mexico meridian.

Besides these there are eighteen principal meridians in the United States survey known by names instead of numbers. These are the Michigan meridian, governing surveys in Michigan; the Tallahassee, St. Stephens, Huntsville, Choctaw, Washington (Miss.), St. Helena and Louisiana meridians governing surveys in southern states; the New Mexico meridian, longitude 106 deg., 52 min., 9 sec.; the Great Salt Lake meridian, the Boise meridian governing surveys in Idaho; the Mount Diablo meridian, 121 deg., 5 min. west, governing surveys of Central and Northeastern California and all Nevada; the San Bernardino meridian for a part of Southern California, the Humboldt meridian for Northwestern California, the Willamette meridian for Oregon and Washington; the Montana meridian, the Gila and Salt River meridian for Arizona and the Indian meridian for Indian Territory.