1. What cost 3 gross pencils at 4c apiece?

2. A bought 6 doz, eggs at 18c per dozen. Suppose he had paid 2c apiece for them how much more would they have cost? 3. A merchant bought 5 doz. straw hats at $5.45 per dozen and retailed them at 75c each. What was his profit?

The terms folio, quarto, octavo, duodecimo, etc., indicate the number of leaves into which a sheet of paper is folded.

STOCK SIZES OF FLAT OR WRITING PAPERS

Most flat papers are now furnished 500 sheets to the ream in

stead of 480 sheets, as formerly.

The weight of papers is graded as so many pounds per ream. The more the ream weighs the heavier each individual sheet will be. Paper of a certain size and weight may have been used and it is often desirable to know the weight per ream of an equivalent sheet but of another size.

4. A stationer bought 1 bundle of note paper for $12 and sold it at the rate of 3 sheets for 5c. What did he gain?

5. What will 408 eggs cost at 28c per dozen?

6. Find the cost of 5 great gross of lead pencils at 3c each. 7. How old is a person who is three-score and five years old? 8. Find the weight per ream of the equivalent of a sheet 24 x 36—60# in 25 x 38. In 28 x 42.

9. Find the weight per ream of the equivalent of a sheet 32 x 44--80# in 24 x 36. In 25 x 38. In 28 x 42.

10. What must be the weight of a ream of Cap to make a sheet equivalent to 24# Royal?

11. 24# Folio would be what in Double Cap?

12. 28# Royal would be what in Folio?

13. 16# Cap would be what in Royal?

14. What would be the weight of 35 sheets of 28# Double Cap?

15. What would be the weight of 16 sheets of 40# Royal? 16. An untrimmed book has 512 pages 51 x 7. Out of what may it be most advantageously run? How many sheets does it take for each book?

17. An untrimmed book is 51⁄2 x 8. Out of what will it cut to best advantage? How many pages to each sheet?

18. A merchant has a catalogue 6 x 91 when trimmed. He wishes to bind it in a manila cover which can be had in 22 x 281 -90# and in 24 x 36-100#. Allowing a trim of in. on both top and bottom and in. trim on sides, how many covers can be cut out of each size and at 44 cents per pound which is the most economical size to use?

REVIEW PROBLEMS

198. 1. What is the cost of 3 bu. plums at 8c a qt.?

2. What is the cost of 4 bu. 3 pk. peaches at 40c a peck?

3. At 28c per pk. how many bushels of apples can be bought for $36.96?

4. It requires 8 yd. 33 qr. to make one suit of clothes. How many suits will 143 yards make?

5. What cost 1 lb. 15 pwt. of silver ore at 2c per grain?

6. What cost 3660 lbs. of wheat at 87c per bushel?

7. How many spoons, each weighing 2 oz. 12 pwt. can be made from 3 lb. 8 oz. 4. pwt. of silver?

8. A druggist put up 64 doz. gr.2 quinine powders. How much did he use?

9. If one bushel of wheat will make 45 lb. flour, how many barrels of flour can be made from 1000 bu. of wheat?

10. How many yd. of carpet & yd. wide, will be required to cover a floor 27 ft. long and 18 ft. wide?

11. At 30c per cord, what must be paid for sawing a pile of wood 22 ft. long, 7 ft. high and 4 ft. wide?

12. I paid $10.50 for a barrel of pork. How much is that a pound?

13. How many bu. of wheat can be put into a bin 7 ft. 4 in. long, 4 ft. 10 in. wide and 3 ft. high?

14. What must be the length of a bin that is 6 ft. wide and 5 ft. 6 in. high to contain 240 bu.?

15. If a family use 4 lb. 14 oz. of sugar in a week how long will 1 cwt. 65 lb. 12 oz. last them?

16. Find the cost of 2 hhd. wine at 12c per pint.

17. The human heart beats 70 times a minute. How many times will it beat in a day?

18. At 7c per cu. ft., what will be the cost of a block of stone ft. 6 in. long, 5 ft. 3 in. wide and 4 ft. 8 in. thick?

19. At 50c per oz., what is the value of a silver cup that weighs 1 lb. 5 oz. 7 pwt. 10 gr.?

20. At $21 per M., what is the cost of 3 sticks of timber 20 ft. long and 18 in. square at the ends?

21. A druggist paid 50c a lb. Av. for potash and sold same in powders of 1 gr.5 at 5c each. How much did he gain on 10 lb. ?

22. A cistern is 7 ft. long 5 ft. wide and 9 ft. deep. How many hogsheads of water will it contain?

23. How many square feet are there in a walk around the outside of a rectangular garden which is 100 feet long and 65 ft. wide, the walk being 3 ft. 6 in. wide?

24. How many boards 11 ft. long and 10 in. wide will be required for the flooring of a room 17 ft. by 23 ft.?

25. How many hours longer is summer than autumn?

26. A farmer started for market with 6 dozen dozen eggs; he broke half a dozen dozen and sold the remainder at 1c each. What did they amount to?

27. How much time will a man gain in 60 yrs. of 365 days by rising 45 min. earlier every day than his usual time?

28. How many cu. ft. in a stone 4 ft. 8 in. long, 3 ft. 2 in. wide and 2 ft. thick? How many sq. ft. on its surface?

29. A room 30 ft. long and 24 ft. wide is covered with 126 yd. of carpet. What is the width of the carpet?

30. A rectangular field containing 15 A. is 350 rd. long. How wide is the field?

31. A cistern 7 ft. long and 5 ft. wide contains 105 cu. ft What is the depth of the cistern, and how many gal. of water will it hold?

32. What will be the cost of the plank, at $15 per M., that will cover a floor 13 ft. by 24 ft., if the plank is 12 in. thick?

33. How many dry qt. of berries may be put into a cask that contains 128 wine gallons, and what are they worth at 4c per qt.?

34. Find the cost of 10 pc. 2 by 4 in., 10 pc. 2 by 6 in., 15 pc. 2 by 31 in., 12 pc. 2 by 7 in., if the pc. are 12 ft. long and the cost is $18.50 per M.

35. How many tons of hay of 320 cu. ft. each, in a mow 40 ft. 8 in. long, 20 ft. 3 in. wide and 13 ft. 10 in. high?

36. Allowing 320 sq. ft. for doors and windows, what will be the cost at 30c per sq. yd. of plastering a room-the ceiling and walls-12 ft. 6 in. long, 26 ft. 3 in. wide and 14 ft. high?

37. I bought 14 bu. 3 pk. by dry measure at $4 per bu., and sold the same at 18c per qt. liquid measure. Did I gain or lose and how much?

38. My silver weighs 3 lb. 7 oz. by the scales of a grocer; what will it weigh by the scales of a jeweler?

REDUCTION OF DENOMINATE FRACTIONS

199. Reduction of Denominate Fractions, either common or decimal, is the process of changing them to equivalent numbers of different denominations.

Reduction takes place in two ways: From a higher denomination to a lower by multiplication. From a lower denomination to a higher by division.

200. To reduce a denominate fraction to lower denominations.

1. Reduce of a bushel to lower denominations,

From this solution and explanation we have the following:

To Reduce Denominate Fractions to Lower Denominations

a. Multiply the fraction by that number which will reduce it to the next lower dénomination, and if the result be an improper fraction, reduce it to a whole or mixed number.

b. Proceed with the fractional part, if any, as before, until reduced to the denominations required.

c. The units of the several denominations, arranged in their order, will be the required result.

NOTE.-If after multiplying the fraction it is not an improper fraction, proceed to reduce it to the next lower denomination as before.

2. Reduce of a yard to lower denominations.

3. Reduce

of a month to lower denominations.

4. What is the value of .45 of a gallon?

5. What is the value of .26375 of a long ton?

6. What is the value of of 12 cwt.?

7. What is the value of .725 of 16 acres?

8. What is the value of 3.48125 acres?

9. What is the value of of of 17 bushels?

10. What is the value of .165°?

11. Reduce .8465 lb. apothecaries' weight to lower denominations.

12. What is the value of 3 of a mile?