HISTORY

OF

HERODOTUS.

A NEW ENGLISH VERSION, EDITED WITH COPIOUS NOTES AND APPENDICES,
ILLUSTRATING THE HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF HERODOTUS, FROM

THE MOST RECENT SOURCES OF INFORMATION; AND EMBODYING

THE CHIEF RESULTS, HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHICAL,

WHICH HAVE BEEN OBTAINED IN THE PROGRESS

OF CUNEIFORM AND HIEROGLYPHICAL

DISCOVERY.

BY GEORGE RAWLINSON, M.A.,

CANON OF CANTERBURY, AND CAMDEN PROFESSOR OF ANCIENT HISTORY
IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.

ASSISTED BY

MAJOR-GENERAL SIR HENRY RAWLINSON, K.C.B.,

AND SIR J. G. WILKINSON, F.R.S.

IN FOUR VOLUMES.-VOL. III.

WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.

THIRD EDITION.

LONDON:

JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.

1875.

The right of Translation is reserved.

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET

CONTENTS OF VOL. III.

HISTORY OF HERODOTUS.

THE FOURTH BOOK, ENTITLED MELPOMENE.

Expedition of Darius against Scythia-its pretext (1). Previous history of the Scythians-their war with their slaves (2-4). Traditions of their origin1. Their own account (5-7). 2. Greek version of the same (8-10). 3. Account preferred by the author (11, 12). Story of Aristeas (13-16). Description of Scythia (17-20). Neighbouring nations, Sauromatæ, Budini, Argippæi, Issedones, and Arimaspi (21-27). Climate of Scythia (28-31). Stories of the Hyperboreans (32-36). Universal geography—1. Description of Asia (37-41). 2. Circumnavigation of Libya (42, 43). 3. Voyage of Scylax (44). Origin of the names, Europe, Asia, Libya (45). Remarkable features of Scythiathe people (46, 47). The rivers-the Ister and its affluents (48-50). The Tyras (51). The Hypanis (52). The Borysthenes (53). The Panticapes, Hypacyris, Gerrhus, Tanais, &c. (54-58). Religion of the Scyths-Gods (59). Sacrifices (60, 61). Worship of Mars, &c. (62, 63). War-customs (61-66). Soothsayers (67-69). Oaths (70). Burial of the kings, &c. (71-73). Use of hemp (74, 75). Hatred of foreign customs-stories of Anacharsis and Scylas (76-80). Population (81). Marvels (82). Preparations of Darius (83-85). Size of the Euxine, Propontis, &c. (86). March of Darius to the Ister (87-92). Customs of the Thracians (93-96). Darius at the Ister (97, 98). Size and shape of Scythia (99-101). Description of the surround. ing nations, Tauri, &c. (102-117.) Consultation of the kings (118, 119). Plans of the Scyths (120). March of Darius through Scythia, and return to the Ister (121-140). Passage of the Ister and return to the Hellespont (141, 143). Saying of Megabazus (144). Libyan expedition of AryandesFounding of Thera (145-149). Theræans required by the oracle to colonise Libya-two accounts (150-155). Occupation of Platea (156). Settlement at Aziris (157). Colonisation of Cyrene (158). History of Cyrene from its foundation to the death of Arcesilaus III. (159-164). Application of Pheretima to Aryandes (165). Fate of Aryandes (166). Expedition against Barca (167). Account of the Libyan tribes from Egypt to Lake Tritonis (168-181). The three regions of Northern Libya (182-185). Customs of the Libyans (186-190). Contrast of eastern and western Libya (191, 192). Account of the western tribes (193-196). Four nations of Libya (197). Productive. ness of Libya (198, 199). Account of the expedition against Barca (200-203). Fate of the Barcæans (204). Death of Pheretima (205) Page 1.