solicits the aid of the pope, 346; the army of God
and the Holy Church march to London, ibid.;
signs Magna Charta on June 15, 1215, at Runny-
mede, 347; provisions of the Great Charter, 348,
349; effects of, upon the nation, 350, 351; rapid
movements of John after signing the charter,
and fallacy of the tradition as to his retirement,
353; with an army of mercenaries he ravages
England, and the pope annuls the charter and
excommunicates the barons, ibid.; the crown
offered by the barons to Louis of France, 354;
resistance of the fortresses to the French, ibid.;
suspected treachery of Louis, 355; death of
John on Oct. 18, 1216; buried at Worcester,
356.

Johnson, Rev. Sam., tried and imprisoned in 1683
for writing Julian the Apostate, iv. 375; tried
and convicted for a libellous publication con-
cerning the army, 410; degraded from the
ecclesiastical office and publicly whipped, 411
Julian, the emperor, builds warehouses for the
reception of British corn, i. 35; large quan-
tity furnished to the continent, ibid.; com-
mands Paulus, governor of Britain to be burnt,

Knights Templars. See Templars.

Knox, John, preaches at Perth, and the monastic
houses are destroyed, iii. 118; preaches against
the seizure of the Church patrimony by the
nobles, 122; attacks of, upon Mary, and her
avowed hatred of him, 126; preaches against the
marriage of Mary with a Roman Catholic prince,
133; returns to Scotland, and preaches violently
against Mary, 151.

Kyrle, John, the Man of Ross," a descendant from
a serf of bishop Swinfield, i. 397.

LABOURERS, Wages of, in 1288, i. 398; statute for
regulating the wages of, 471; statute for prevent-
ing their removal, 472; gradual emancipation of,
from serfdom, ii. 13; statute against their chang-
ing their professions, ibid.; in husbandry, not
sufficient for the demand, 14; the wives of, sub-
jected to the statute for the regulation of apparel,
102; statute for regulating the hours of labour
of, 113; scale of wages for, 114; injury done to,
by parliamentary interference with, 115; combi-
nations among, and statute against, in 1423, 116;
distress occasioned among, by the fluctuation in
the price of wheat, and the statutes fixing a rate
of wages, 252; the effects of inclosures upon,
466; sufferings of, in the reign of Henry VIII,
from the Statute of Wages in 1515, and the de-
basement of the coin, 475; love of old ceremonies
among, iii. 11; the Protector Somerset's efforts
in behalf of, 20; insurrection of, against in-
closures, in 1549, 21, 23; festivals and sports of,
temp. Eliz., 254, 255; severities exercised upon,
by the Law of Settlement, 270; statute against
the able-bodied, who refuse to work at the usual
wages, 271; the legislature declare, in 1563, that
the statutes for the regulation of wages cannot
be enforced, on account of the high price of pro-
visions, 276; other causes of suffering, 277;
healthful influence of the Puritan gentry upon,
temp. Charles I., iv. 171; their repulsion of strict
Puritanism, 172

Lambert, John, trial of, for denying the real pre-
sence in the eucharist, ii. 407; disputation of,
with Henry VIII., ibid.; is burnt, 408
Lancaster, John of Gaunt, duke of, apprehensions
entertained of the ambitious designs of, ii. 5; is
accused of treason, 20; demands a trial, but the
witness against him dies, 21; leaves England
to assert his claim to the crown of Castile, 22;
returns to England in 1389, 26; dies in 1398,
and his possessions are seized by Richard
II.. 32

Lancastrian party, defeat of the, at the battle of
Towton, ii. 147; extreme distress of, in exile, 151;
total depression of, after the battle of Tewkes-
bury, 169

Langton, Stephen, elected archbishop of Canter-
bury, in 1207; but John refuses him admission,
and banishes the monks, i. 337; takes possession
of his see, in 1213, 343; opposes the despotism of
John, ibid.; joins the barons at Saint Edmunds-
bury, in their league against John, 345; conveys
the provisions of Magna Charta to John at Ox-
ford, who rejects them, 346; refuses to excom-
municate the barons on the order of the pope,
354; excommunicates "all violators of the
liberties of the Church," 357

Latimer, Hugh, offer of a bribe by, to Cromwell,
ii. 368; participation of, in the burning of here-
tics, 408 preaches against images and relics,
409; resigns his bishopric on the passing of the
Six Articles Act, and is committed to prison,
420; commendation of archery by, 460; advice
of, to pay sufficient salaries to officials, and pre-
vent their taking bribes, 462; description of a
farmer's life by, 468; accused of speaking sedi-
tiously against the debasement of the coinage,
474; remonstrance of, against burials in towns,
482; sermon of, on the execution of lord Thomas
Seymour, iii. 18; committed to the Tower, after
the accession of Mary, on Nov. 13, 1553, 57; con-
demned, with Ridley and Cranmer, for heresy,
at Oxford, 73; burning of, with Ridley, at Ox-
ford, in Sept. 1555, 90

Latin language, probable prevalence of, in Eng-
land, under the Romans, i. 47; opinion of Lord
Macaulay as to its non-prevalence, ibid.; incor-
poration of much Latin in the Anglo-Saxon and
Welsh languages, ibid.

Laud, archbishop, introduction of ceremonial ob-
servances into the Church service by, iii. 403;
persecution of William Prynne, 412; and of Dr.
Alexander Leighton, 413; approves of Strafford's
principle of thorough, 415; urges on the establish-
ment of episcopacy in Scotland, 429; which occa-
sions, in 1637, the revolt of Scotland, and the
adoption of the National Covenant, 430, et seq.;
his palace attacked by the populace, on May 11,
1640, 436; his fears of the parliament of 1640, and
his superstitious forebodings, 439; opinion of, as
to infringements of law, 440; is arrested, and
impeached by the Commons, 446; Parliament
resumes proceedings against, iv. 38; defends
himself with skill and courage, but is condemned
for high treason, and is beheaded on Jan. 10,
1645, ibid.

Lear, legend of, given by Geoffrey of Monmouth,
i. 2

Legends, early British, i. 1

Leicester, Simon de Montfort, earl of. See Montfort.
Leicester, earl of, recommended as a husband to
Mary of Scotland in 1564, iii. 134; is appointed to
the command of the army in the Netherlands,
182; ambitious views of, 183; repulsed at the
battle of Zutphen, 184; death of, 237
Leith burnt by the earl of Hertford, in 1545,
ii. 437

Lesley, general David, joins the cause of the Co-
venanters in 1639, and surprises Edinburgh
castle, iii. 434; commands an ariny which marches
to oppose Charles I. at Berwick, 435; commands
the forces, in 1640, sent with a petition to Eng-
land, 437; routs the king's troops at Newburn on
Aug. 28, ibid.; enters England at the head of
the Scottish army, iv. 31; defeats Montrose at
Philiphaugh, 52; re-establishes the Covenant-
ing power in the Lowlands, ibid.; letter of, to
the Committee of both kingdoms, concerning the
king's arrival at Newark, 61; Cromwell meets
with a vigorous resistance from, in his advance
into Scotland in 1650, 133; position of his army
at Dunbar, 184; where he is defeated, 135; makes
another stand at Stirling, 136; invades England
as lieutenant-general under Charles, ibid.; de-
feated at Worcester, 138

L'Estrange, sir Roger, establishment of the Lon-
don Gazette by, in 1665, iv. 281; is made liceuser
of the press, ibid.

Letters, difficulties of transmission of, in the 15th
century, ii. 127

Levelle.3, rise of, in the army, iv. 86; the mutiny
of, suppressed by Cromwell, in 1647, 87; charac-
ter of, 117; a mutiny of, in 1649, again sup-
pressed by Cromwell and Fairfax, 118
Lewes, battle of, on May 13, 1264, i. 374
Lilburne, John, taken prisoner at Brentford, but is
released, iv. 8; publishes, in 1647, bitter denun-
ciations against the betrayers of the people, 79;
permitted to ride out for his health, having
been sent to the Tower, 86; goes to the rendez-
vous of the Adjutators, ibid.; conduct of his
regiment there, 87; publishes several pamph-
lets, for which he is committed to the Tower,
117; sends out another pamphlet, 118; sends
forth more pamphlets, 119; in consequence of
which he is tried in 1649, but is acquitted, ibid.;
speech of, at his trial, ibid. ; rejoicings throughout
London at his acquittal, ibid.

Lisle, lady Alice, execution of, for harbouring a
traitor, iv. 399

Lollards, rise and increase of the, ii, 11; the doc-
trines of, enforced by Piers Ploughman, ibid.;
the statute de heretico comburendo, the first in
England for punishing heresy with death, passed
in 1400 for the suppression of, 45; burning of
John Badby, 45; alleged conspiracy of, against
the State, on the conviction of Oldcastle for heresy,
54; suppressed, and some of the conspirators
executed, 55; new statute against, ibid.; the
spirit of, not wholly trodden out in time of
Henry VIII., 276

Londinium, sacked and destroyed by Boadicea,
A. D. 61, i. 23; Roman antiquities of, discovered
in 1784, 25

London, state of, under the Romans, i. 42; Roman
remains found at, 42, 43; power and popula-
tion of, in the time of Stephen, 263; amuse-
ments and exercises of the inhabitants, 264;
they assist in the "Rout of Winchester," and
capture the earl of Gloucester, 265; oppres-
sion on the industry of, by Henry III, 364;
riots in, in consequence, 365; unpopularity of
Queen Eleanor, ibid.; notice of bishop Swin-
field's house in old Fish-street, in 1289, 401;
markets and shops, 402; state of the streets and
highways, 402, 403; construction of the houses,
403; coal not then generally used, ibid.; state
of, in 1458, ii. 141, 142; sanitary regulations for,
253; riot in, on Evil May Day, 1517, against the
Flemings, 293; buildings of, temp. Henry VIII.,
478; state of the highways and streets, 479; sta-
tute of sewers passed for, in 1427, 480; Act for
supplying, with water from Hampstead and other
places, 481; provision for lighting, ibid.; statute
for regulating watermen's fares, 482; unwhole-
someness of the churchyards in, ibid.; wealth
of the traders in, ibid.; Henry Machyn's Diary of
the sights and events in, during the first year of
the Marian persecution, iii. 94, et seq.; villainies
practised in, temp. Eliz. 273; increase of, 274;
statutes against the increase of buildings, 275;
plague of 1603 in, 309; New River brought to,
by sir Hugh Myddleton in 1613, 355; continued
increase of, 356; ravages of the plague in 1625,
388, 389; proclamation by Charles 1. against the
increase of houses in, and fines extorted in 1633
to prevent their being pulled down, 416; hack-
ney coaches forbidden, in 1635, to pass up and
down the streets, 417; despotic order of Charles
I. to pull down houses and shut up shops, but
without any aim at public improvement, 425;
reception given by, to Mary de Medicis in 1638,
426; apprentices of, tumults raised by, in
favour of the parliament, 472; skirmishes of,
with Lunsford and the cavaliers, 473; shutting
up of the playhouses in, 487; described by Mil-
ton at the commencement of the Civil War,
ibid.; character of the volunteers and militia
of, at the time of the Civil War, 488; active
exertions of the women of, in favour of the
parliamentary party, ibid.; character of the ap-
prentices, 489; ordered to be fortified, and plan
of fortifications, 498; inhabitants of, march to
Turnham Green, iv. 10; anxious for peace,

481

ibid.; plot to arm the royalists in, discovered,
16; unusual agitation of, 20; prowess of the
trained bands of, at the battle of Newbury, 24;
consternation of, at the approach of the royal
army, 73; tumults in, 77; royalist re-action and
riots in, 90; popular demonstration in, in con-
sequence of Cromwell's departure, 91; bonfires
lighted throughout, on account of John Lilburne's
acquittal, 119; tumult of the Fifth Monarchy
men, in 1657, 206; rising of apprentices in,
against Oliver Cromwell, 212; anger of people
of, at the expensive pageantry at Oliver Crom-
well's burial, 218; burning of the Rump in
1660, 229; the Great Plague of 1665, 269, et
seq.; deficient supply of water, bad drainage,
and crowded dwellings, great promoters of
its fatality, 270; Defoe's narrative of it, 271;
departure of the Court, and of such of the in-
habitants as were able, 273; some of the clergy
and the nonconforming ministers remain, 275;
Great Fire of, 282, et seq.; accounts of, by Pepys
and Evelyn, 283, 284; by Baxter, 285; estimated
loss occasioned by, 287; Wren's plan for rebuild-
ing the city, 289; panic of, on the Dutch burning
the English ships in the Medway, 297; cut off
from their supply of coal by the Dutch fleet, 298;
panic of the inhabitants at the revelations of
Oates's Popish Plot in 1678, 336; excitement in,
on the occasion of the Court manoeuvring to
cause Dudley North to be appointed sheriff,
366; a quo warranto against the city for mis-
demeanours, which submits to conditions, 369;
monastic establishments opened in 1686, 409;
great rejoicings in, on the acquittal of the seven
bishops in 1687, 428; riots in, on James II.
quitting Whitehall, 441

London Bridge, the building of, in 1209, i. 339
London Gazette, establishment of, by sir Roger
L'Estrange, in 1665, iv. 281

Long Parliament, the meeting of, on Nov. 3, 1640,
iii. 439, 442; its character, 439; Lenthall chosen
speaker, 444; votes the release of the persons
imprisoned by the Star Chamber, ibid.; Pym's
speech in, impeaching Strafford, 445; Strafford
and Laud impeached by, 446; Finch, Windebank,
and the Ship-Money judges impeached by, 447;
orders issued by, for destroying crucifixes,
images, superstitious pictures, &c, ibid; a bill of
attainder passed against Strafford, 456; Act
passed against the untimely adjourning or dis-
solving of the parliament without its own consent,
457; it proceeds in its reforms, and abolishes the
Star-Chamber Court, the Court of High Com-
mission, and other arbitrary courts, 460, 461; Act
for the pacification of Scotland passed, 461; the
Irish insurrection of 1641 breaks out, 463; a
committee appointed to take measures for the
suppression of the rebellion, ibid.; debate on the
Remonstrance, and its adoption, 466; formation
of parties for the approaching struggle, 468; the
earls of Holland, Leicester, and Essex, join the
parliamentary party, 469; the Remonstrance
presented to the king, ibid.; popular tumults,
increase of petitioning, and cry against the
bishops, 471; rise of the terms of Roundhead
and Cavalier, 472; twelve bishops protest against
the force used towards them, and are cominitted
to the Tower for treason, ibid.; the question of
the militia ordered to be taken into consideration
on Jan. 3, 1642, 473; the claims of the Commons
an invasion of the rights of the Crown, 474; the
king attempts to seize the five members, Pym,
Hollis, Hampden, Haslerig, and Strode, on Jan.
3, 475; sir R. Verney's account of the pro-
ceedings on the occasion, 476; the members
retire to the City, and the king demands them at
Guildhall, 478; they are brought back in triumph
to the House, 479; the governors of Portsmouth
and Hull, are directed by ordinance to hold those
places for "the king and parliament," ibid.; the
bill for excluding bishops from the House of
Lords agreed to, and the Militia bill refused, by
the king, 480; the House approves of Hotham
having refused the king entrance into Hull, 431;
the leaders prepare for war, but send propo-
sitions to the king at York, 482; the king sets

the crown, 51; is joined at Kenninghall by
numerous adherents, ibid.; is proclaimed in
London, 53; triumphant arrival of, in London,
54; Northumberland is tried and executed for
treason, ibid.; causes of her being so joyfully
received by the people, 56; the coronation of,
57; description of her person, ibid.; meets her
first parliament, and passes an Act for repealing
certain treasons, and the penalties for denying
the king's supremacy, ibid.; repeal of Acts of
Edward VI. relating to religion,58; projected mar-
riage of, to Philip of Spain, and dissatisfaction of
the people, 59; arrival of ambassadors to arrange
terms, 60; insurrection of sir Thomas Wyat
against the marriage, 61; courage and address
shown by Mary on the occasion, ibid.; the popu-
lation of London arm in her behalf, 62; Wyat is
defeated, 64; lord Guilford Dudley and lady
Jane Grey beheaded, 66; execution of Suffolk
and numerous others, 67; trial and acquittal of
sir Nicholas Throckmorton, ibid.; the jury com-
mitted to prison, 68; execution of Wyat, ibid. ;
the princess Elizabeth sent for to court, ibid.;
is committed to the Tower, 69; letter of Eliza-
beth to, 70; the Spanish ambassador urges her
trial and execution, 71; unquiet condition of the
country, 72; fiery zeal of Gardiner to suppress
the Reformation, ibid.; the married clergy ex-
pelled from their livings, 73; Cranmer, Latimer,
and Ridley condemned as heretics at Oxford,
73; arrival of Philip of Spain, 74; marriage of,
with Philip, and pageantry on the occasion, 75;
bribery exercised by Philip, 76; arrival in Eng-
laud of cardinal Pole, 76; he absolves the realm,
77; submission of the parliament to the papal
see, ibid.; the statutes against heretics revived,
78; the Marian persecution, 79; list of Protestant
victims, 80; cardinal Pole exhorts to gentleness,
81; encouragement of the spy-system for the
discovery of heresy, 89; Philip leaves England,
95; discontent of Mary at his not returning, 96;
opposition of the parliament to pope Paul IV.'s
claims of supremacy, 97; Dr. Dee in trouble for
casting the nativities of the queen and the prin-
cess Elizabeth, ibid.; the Dudley conspiracy for
robbing the exchequer, and placing Elizabeth on
the throne, 98; its discovery, and execution of
the conspirators, ibid.; Elizabeth suspected of
participation, and her letter to the queen, 99;
cardinal Pole created archbishop of Canterbury,
ibid.; his moderation not satisfactory to the
pope, ibid.; Philip returns to England, 100; war
declared against France at Philip's instigation,
101; the English forces assist in winning the
battle of St. Quentin, ibid.; Calais besieged and
taken by the French, on Jan. 7, 1558, 103;
Guisnes and Hammes taken, and the English
wholly expelled from France, 104; her last ill-
ness and death, on Nov. 17, 1558, 105
Mary, queen of Scotland, born Dec. 7, 1542, ii. 436;
Henry VIII. negotiates a marriage between her
and his son Edward, ibid.; the project defeated
by the queen-mother and cardinal Beaton, 437;
the duke of Somerset endeavours to enforce the
treaty, iii. 4; is contracted in marriage to the
Dauphin of France, 28; the marriage solemnised
in Paris, in 1558, 102; becomes queen of France
on the accession of her husband Francis II., in
1559, 115; assumes the royal arms of England,
116; refuses to ratify the treaty of Edinburgh in
1560, 121; answer of, to Throckmorton on being
urged to sign it, 122; her husband, Francis II.,
dies, Dec. 6, 1560, 123; lord James Murray sent
as ambassador to request her return to Scotland,
ibid.; policy of, towards Elizabeth, 124; indig-
nation of, at being refused a safe-conduct, 125;
imprudent avowal of her hatred of John Knox,
ibid.; farewell of, to France, 126; arrival and
reception of, in Scotland, Aug. 19, 1561, 127;
contrasted with Elizabeth, 127, 128; summons
Knox before her for preaching against her mar-
riage with a papist prince, 133; writes to the
Council of Trent, that if she succeeded to the
throne of England she would bring both kingdoms
under the apostolic see, ibid.; lord Robert Dudley
recommended as a husband by Elizabeth, 134; con-

483

tinued efforts of, to be declared successor to the
crown of England, ibid., et seq.; marries Henry
Darnley, July 29, 1565, 135; Murray revolts un-
successfully, and takes refuge in England, 137;
discontent of the reforming nobles at the mar-
riage, ibid.; suppresses the revolt, and banishes
the insurgent lords, 138; rise of Riccio, ibid.;
joins the league of Catherine de Medici and the
duke of Alva for the extermination of Pro-
testantism in Europe, 139; jealousy of Darnley,
ibid.; Darnley quarrels with the queen, and
unites with the Reformers, 140; murder of
Riccio, 141; described by the English ambas-
sadors, 142; gives birth to a son, June 19, 1566,
143; amicable relations with England esta-
blished, and Elizabeth becomes godmother to
James, ibid.; Bothwell becomes Mary's adviser,
144; she visits Darnley when sick, and has him
removed to Kirk of Field, near Edinburgh, 145;
the house is blown up, and Darnley murdered,
ibid.; undoubted guilt of Bothwell, 146; his
mock-trial and acquittal, 147; is carried off by
pretended force by Bothwell, ibid.; and is mar-
ried to him, 148; the nobles revolt against the
marriage, and she surrenders to them at Carberry
Hill, on June 18, 1567, 149; carried prisoner to
Lochleven, ibid.; is compelled to abdicate on
July 24, in favour of her son, James VI., 151;
Murray is proclaimed regent, 152; question as to
the authenticity of the letters to Bothwell attri-
buted to her, 153; escapes from Lochleven, ibid.;
romantic circumstances of, 154; assembles forces,
fights, and loses, the battle of Langsyde, May 16,
1568, 155; takes refuge in England, 156; ques-
tion as to the justice of her detention, 157; is
removed to Bolton Castle, and is indignant at
being considered a prisoner, ibid.; conference
appointed to hear the charges against her, ibid.;
proceedings of the conference at York and Lon-
don, 158; placed under the care of the earl of
Shrewsbury, 159; project for the marriage of, to
the duke of Norfolk, 161; is removed from Tut-
bury Castle to Coventry, 162; intrigues of Philip
of Spain and the Roman Catholics in favour of,
168 plan for giving her up to her own subjects
to be punished, 176; insecurity of, 177; alleged
complicity of, in Babington's conspiracy, 189; is
transferred to Fotheringay, and her papers are
seized, 190; a commission issued for her trial at
Fotheringay, 194; proceedings on the trial, 195,
196; and judgment against, 197; conflicting
opinions on the judgment, 193; proclamation is
made of the judgment, and she is excluded from
all claim to the crown of England, 199; the war-
rant of execution is issued, 200; is refused a
confessor, ibid.; is beheaded at Fotheringay, on
Feb. 8, 1587, 203

Mary, daughter of James II., marries the prince of
Orange, in 1677, iv. 329; proclaimed queen with
William, iii. 445

Matilda, daughter of Henry I., married in 1114 to
the emperor of Germany, 242; becomes a widow
in 1124, 244; named successor to the crown of
England in 1126, ibid.; marries Fulk, earl of
Anjou, in 1127, 245; her son Henry born in 1133,
ibid.; arrives in England to assert her claim to
the crown, 260; is besieged in Arundel Castle,
but allowed by Stephen to join the earl of
Gloucester at Bristol, 261; after the battle of
Lincoln is proclaimed queen in 1141, 263; revolt
of the Londoners against, ibid.; escapes to
Devizes, 265; besieged in Oxford, and escapes,
266, 267; leaves England, 268
Maximilian, the emperor, concludes a treaty with
Henry VIII. against Louis XII. of France, ii.
267; takes military service under Henry, 268;
leads the charge at the Battle of Spurs, ibid.;
dies 1519, 275

Maximus, assists Theodosius in repulsing the Picts
and Scots in their invasion of Britain, i. 54; pro-
claimed emperor of Britain, ibid.; leads a
British army into Gaul, is defeated, and put to
death, A.D. 388, ibid.

Melrose Abbey, foundation of, i. 256

Milton, John, embodiment of early English legends
by, i. 2; his description of London at the com-

mencement of the Civil War, iii. 487; publishes
his "Iconoclastes," in reply to the "Icon
Basiliké," iv. 114; appointed Latin secretary to
the Council of State, 115; his death, and warning
of, against slavery, 327

Mines in Britain, under the Romans, notice of,
i. 35; remains of iron works yet existing, 36
Mona (Anglesey), the isle of, taken by Suetonius,
i. 22

Monastic establishments, magnificence and riches
of, temp. Hen. VII., ii. 244

Money, value of, in the reigns of Henry III. and
Edward I., i. 369; scarcity of, during the wars of
the Roses, ii. 109; labourers to be paid in, and
truck forbidden by statute in 1465, 114; money
prices of clothing in 1450-1485, 121; debasement
of the coin in 1464, 153; altered value of, in 1547,
457; debasement of coin by Henry VIII. and
Edward VI., 474; rise of prices, occasioned by
the influx of the precious metals, iii. 276
Monk, George (duke of Albemarle), left by Crom-
well to manage affairs in Scotland, iv. 137; con-
duct of, in Scotland, 224; Charles endeavours to
engage him on his side, ibid.; resolves to restore
the parliament, 225; sends commissioners to Lon-
don to negotiate with the army, ibid.; marches
to London, 227; is employed by the parliament
to quell the disaffection in the city, 229; causes the
secluded members to be restored, 230; promises
sir A. Haslerig to oppose the setting-up of Charles
Stuart as king, ibid.; agrees to act for Charles,
233; suppresses the insurrection of Lambert,
234; receives the king on his landing at Dover,
238; produces private letters from the marquis
of Argyle to procure his conviction, 258; ap-
pointed to the command of the fleet against the
Dutch with prince Rupert, 279; meets their
superior fleet unexpectedly, but fights obstinately
for four days, 280; ravages the Dutch coast, 282;
commands the forces sent against the duke of
Monmouth in 1685, but is forced to retreat,
Monmouth, duke of, connives at the mutilation of
sir John Coventry, iv. 313; pretensions of, to
legitimacy, 341; marriage of, to the duchess of
Buccleugh, 342; the king solemnly affirms his
illegitimacy, ibid. is sent to take the command
of the army against the Covenanters, 349; de-
feats them at Bothwell Bridge on June 22, 1679,
350; returns suddenly to England to attend the
sick-bed of Charles, and is considered as a rival
for the succession, 351; is sent to Flanders, ibid.;
returns to England, and is received with great
joy, 352; is made by the Whigs the Protestant
candidate for the crown, 356; his triumphant
progress in the West of England, 357; dissatis-
faction of, at the acquittal of Count Königsmark
for the murder of Thynne, 371; accused of a
participation in the Rye House Plot in 1683,
ibid.; he escapes, 372; is pardoned, 375; lands at
Lyme in 1685, 390; publishes a declaration
against James II., 391; is very favourably re-
ceived at Taunton, 392; proclaims himself king,
ibid.; marches to Bristol, 393; fails in receiving
support, and retreats, ibid.; skirmish at Philip's-
Norton, 394; battle of Sedgemoor, 395; the
flight and capture of, 396; abject behaviour of, in
his interview with James, 397; execution of,
398; considered by the people as a martyr for the
Protestant religion, ibid.

392

Montfort, Jane de, heroic defence of the castle of
Hennebon, i. 454; is relieved by sir Walter
Manny, 455

Montfort, Simon de, earl of Leicester, attends the
parliament at Westminster in 1258, i. 371; nomi-
nated head of the council, 372; is forced to with-
draw to France, ibid.; character of, 373; returns
to England, and a civil war takes place, ibid. ;
wins the battle of Lewes, and takes Henry III.
prisoner, 374; burgesses summoned to parlia-
ment in 1264 by, 375; is defeated and slain at the
battle of Evesham, 376; prohibition of holding
him for a saint, 378; continued resistance offered
by his sons, who murder the nephew of Henry,
ibid.

Montrose, James Graham, marquis of, victories of,

in Scotland in 1645, iv. 40; influence of his letter
containing an account of these victories upon
Charles I., ibid.; advice of, to Charles I., 41; de-
feats the Covenanting army under Baillie, 52;
defeated at Philiphaugh by Lesley, ibid.; counsels
Charles II. to win his kingdom by battle, 120;
who gives him a commission to do so, 118; lands
in the Orkneys, March 1650, 129; defeated by
colonel Strachan at Craigchonichen, ibid.; wan-
ders among the Highlands, and is taken on
May 3, ibid.; exultation of the Covenanters at
his capture, ibid.; sentenced to death, ibid. ; ill-
treatment of, at Edinburgh, ibid.; conduct of,
before parliament and at his execution, 130; cha-
racter of, by Clarendon, 131

Morcar and Edwin, insurrection of, suppressed by
William the Conqueror, i. 192; join Hereward, and
death of Edwin, 198; imprisonment of Morcar,

199

More, sir Thomas, unsuccessfully attempts to pre-
vent the riot on "Evil May Day," in 1517, ii 292;
is chosen speaker of the House of Commons,
in 1523, 293; is created lord chancellor in 1529,
and speaks harshly against Wolsey, 323; op-
poses the doctrines of the Reformers, 324; lays
before parliament the opinion of the universities
in favour of Henry's divorce, but is himself
against it, 331; retires from the chancellorship,
339; doubts whether he sanctioned the burning
of John Baynham in 1532, 340; official character
of, ibid.; implicated in the charge of conspi-
racy against the king with the Holy Maid of
Kent, 254; is committed to the Tower with
Fisher, bishop of Rochester, for refusing to swear
to the illegality of the king's first marriage, 356;
tried for treason, convicted, and executed on
July 6, 1535, 362-364

Mortimer, Roger. See Edward II. and Edward III.
Mortmain, statute of, passed, 7 Edw. I., i. 356
Municipalities, character of those established by
the Romans in Britain, i. 45, 46; form of govern-
ment in, i. 45

Murray, James, earl of, sent as ambassador to
France to request the return of Queen Mary, iii.
123; with other reformers revolts against Mary's
marriage with Darnley, 137; is forced to fly to
England, 138; returns to Edinburgh on the death
of Riccio, 143; is proclaimed regent after Mary's
abdication, 152; defeats Mary at the battle of
Langside, 155; accuses Mary of the murder of
Darnley at the conference in London, 158;
favours Norfolk's project of marrying Mary, 161;
is assassinated in Jan. 1570, 174

Newburn, battle of, on Aug. 27, 1640, iv. 437
Newbury, battle of, on Sept. 19, 1643, iv. 24;
second battle of, on Oct. 27, 1644, 37

New England, foundation of the colony of, in 1620,
by the Pilgrim Fathers, iii. 345

Nonconformists rise and growth of, in the second
half of the reign of Elizabeth, iii. 241, et 807.;
notice of the Marprelate tracts, 243; objections
of, to the ceremonies of the church, ibid.; preach-
ing in private houses prohibited, 244; statutes
against Puritans and Popish recusants in 1593,ibid.;
the nonconformist ministers preach resistance,
ibid.; severities directed against the Brownists
or Independents, 245; opposition of the noncon-
formists to the habits and amusements of society,
ibid.; music and dancing held to be corrupting
by, 250; offensiveness of Sabbath sports and
games to, 251; denunciations of gaming by, 256;
aversion of, to stage-plays, 257; petition James
1. for a conference with the English clergy.
which is held at Hampton Court, 314; James
insults and decides against them, ibid.; a tow