code of canons, tending to exclude them from
civil rights, established in Convocation, 316;
settlement of New England in 1620 by the
Pilgrim Fathers, 345; increase in the numbers
of, from disgust at the principles and conduct of
James and his courtiers, 360; offence given to by
the proclamation in 1618, for the practice of
sports on Sundays, 370; consternation of, at the
defeat of the clector palatine and the triumph of
Roman Catholicism, in Germany, 378; offence
given to by Laud's introduction, in 1628, of new
ceremonies into the church service, 403; the
religious opinions of, identified with the assertion
of civil rights, 404; excessive punishment of the
Puritan Prynne for writing against stage-plays,
411; and of Dr. A. Leighton for writing against
prelacy, 413; aversion of the Puritans to all
dramatic exhibitions, 414; conviction and exces-
sive punishments of Prynne, Burton. and Bast-
wick, in 1637, for their anti-prelatical writings,
423; triumph of the principles of, on the meet-
ing of the Long Parliament in 1640, 447; great
influence of the Puritans at the commencement
of the Civil War, 485; the shutting-up of the
playhouses and discouragement of popular
amusements a consequence of, 487; Baxter's
statement of the oppressions of the, by the
royalists, iv. 11; increased bitterness of feeling
between them and the Cavaliers, 19; the Pres-
byterian Covenant adopted by the synod at
Westminster, and by parliament, 28; growing
dissensions between Presbyterians an Inde-
pendents, 29; struggles between, in the House of
Commons, 62; power of the Independents in the
army, 68; opinions of the Independents, 69;
the position of the Presbyterians and Independ-
ents compared with the Gironde and Mountain
parties of the French revolution, 69; negotiations
of the Independents with the king. 75; the
king's deceptive conduct towards them, 76;
Cromwell tries to effect a reconciliation between
the Presbyterians and Independents, 89; depres-
sion of, after the Restoration, 249, et seq.; insur-
rection of the Anabaptists in London in April
1661, 251; ineffective conference at the Savoy
between the bishops and the Puritan divines,
252; the Corporation Act and Act of Uniformity
passed against, 255, 256; Conventicle Act passed
against in 1664, 266; the Five-Mile Act passed
against, 275; the penalties of, not enforced against
for a short time after the Fire of London, 307;
propositions made by, for a union of Protestants,
308; rejected by the parliament, ibid.; declara-
tion of indulgence by Charles II. in 1672, 319;
release of John Bunyan from prison, ibid.; the
Indulgence unpopular among, 320; in 1665 the
House of Commons prays James II. to put in
execution the laws against all dissenters from
the Church of England, 387; the principle of
resistance not extinguished in, as shown by
their joining Monmouth at Taunton, 392; they
generally consider the declaration of James II.
in 1687, for liberty of conscience, as a scare, 419
Norman clergy, character of, at the time of
William I., i. 196, 197; nobles, various characters
of, and beneficial exertions of some, 197; barons,
description of their modes of life in their castles
in the time of Stephen, 251

North, Dudley, nominated sheriff by the lord
mayor of London in 1682, in order that he might
return partisan jurymen, iv. 365; is rejected
by the Common Hall, but ultimately sworn in,

366

Northampton, battle of, on July 10, 1461, ii. 143
Northmen, or Danes, ravages of, i. 78

Northumberland, Dudley, duke of. See Warwick,
earl of.

Norwich Cathedral, foundation of, i. 258

OATES, Titus, first revelation of the Popish Plot by,
in 1678, iv. 332; is brought before the Council,
333; is examined by the House of Commons,
335; increasing boldness of his accusations, and
assertion of the queen having concerted the king's
murder, 336; has a pension assigned him by the
Commons, 337; fresh convictions on the evidence

485

of, in 1679, 345: payments to, and to other wit
nesses, 346; is a witness against lord Stafford,
who is convicted, in 1684, 358; contradicts Dug.
dale on the trial of Stephen College, the "Pro-
testant joiner," and his pension is stopped, 363;
is prosecuted for a libel on the duke of York in
1683, and 100,000l. damages awarded, 375; is
convicted of perjury, and sentenced to be im-
prisoned, pilloried, and whipped, in 1685, 387
Odo, archbishop of Canterbury, revolts against
Edwy, and separates him from his wife, i.

134
Oldcastle, sir John, condemned as a heretic, ii. 54;
respited by the king, and escapes, ibid; joins
in a conspiracy with the Lollards, and is re-
taken, 55; burnt in 1418, ibid.

Oppian, description of the dogs of Britain by, i. 9
Orange, prince of. See William III.

Ormond, marquis of, assembles a force in Ireland
in favour of Charles II, iv. 120; besieges Dublin,
and is defeated by the garrison, 121; visits Lon-
don to forward a plot against Cromwell, from
whom he receives a hint that he is known, and
returns to Bruges, 212; attempt of Blood. Dec.
7, 1670, to seize and hang, 313; the king desires
that he should pardon Blood, 315

Ostorius Scapula, defeat of Caractacus by, i. 20;
triumph decreed to, 21; defeat of, 22
Otterbourne, or Chevy Chase, battle of, on Aug.
10, 1388, ii. 24, 25

Oxford, state of, in 1289, i. 404; parliaments held
at. See Charles I. and Charles II.
Oxford university, the members of, preach passive
obedience in 1664, iv. 376; Walker, the mas-
ter of University College, becomes a Roman
Catholic, 408; mass celebrated in University
College, 410; John Massey installed dean of
Christchurch, 411; the king recommends An-
thony Farmer, a suspected papist, to be elected
president of Magdalen College, 413; the Fellows
elect Dr. John Hough, ibid.; they are cited
before the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and are
expelled, 414

Oyster dredging by the ancient Britons, i. 9

PAGET, Sir William, appointed by Henry's will one
of the 16 counsellors to Edward VI, iii. 1;
warns Somerset that the people desire liberty,
and urges repressive measures, 20; reproaches
Somerset for his too great lenity, 30; despotic
principles of, 31; writes to the confederated
lords that Somerset is secured, 35; opposes a
bill for the punishment of heresy with death,
which is thrown out by the peers, 72
Paston Letters, curious illustrations of the manners
of the time, afforded by, ii. 102, 105, 106, 107,
109, 110, 111, 112, 119, 120, 121, 123, 125, 126, 127,
128, 170; instance from, of the endeavour to in-
fluence a county election, 139

Pastons, defence of Caister Castle by, against the
duke of Norfolk, ii. 107

Paulinus, conversion of Edwin, king of Northum-
bria, by, i. 72

Paulus, the notary, suppresses the revolt of Mag-
nentius, i. 53; despotism of, in Britain, ibid.;
burnt alive by order of the emperor Julian,
ibid.

Pearls found in Britain, i. 9

Pembroke, William, earl of, one of the leaders of
the barons who obtained Magna Charta, i. 345;
is appointed regent to Henry III. in 1217, 357;
succeeds in expelling the French under Louis,
358; dies, ibid.

Penn, William, arrested on March 5, 1682, with
Mead, for attending a Quakers' meeting, iv. 311;
behaviour of Jeffreys, ibid; is acquitted, 312;
obtains a grant of land in America in lieu of
money owing to him by the crown, 378; resolves
to found a colony for the Quakers there out of the
reach of the penal laws, ibid.; obtains a charter
from the king, who names the settlement Penn-
sylvania, ibid.; with the assistance of Algernon
Sidney, frames a constitution for it, ibid.; lands
at Newcastle on the Delaware, Oct. 27, 1682, 379;
founds Philadelphia, and enters into a treaty
with the Indians, ibid. ; influence of, in procuring

350; act of supremacy passed, 357; visitation of
the monasteries in 1535, and statute for their dis-
solution, 366; English Bibles ordered to be set
up in churches in 1538, 406; act of 1539 passed
for the dissolution of abbeys, 408; exposure of
impostures connected with images and relics,
409; destruction of the religious houses, 413;
acts passed in 1539 for the dissolution of abbeys,
and for enabling the king to make bishops, 417;
projected applications of the monastic revenues,
and their non-fulfilment, 418; the intolerant sta-
tute of the Six Articles passed, 419; reformers
executed or driven out of the country by this
act, 421; progress of, in Scotland, 435; Wishart
burnt by cardinal Beaton, March 26, 1546, 441;
continued burnings for heresies in England, under
the Six Articles Act, 446, 447; Anne Askew and
others burnt, 449; beneficial effect of the act of
1548, allowing of the marriage of priests, 488;
various forms of church service before the esta-
blishment of the Book of Common Prayer in
1548, 489; dissensions regarding the keeping of holi-
days, 490; the reading of the Bible forbidden "to
the lower sort," 492; progress of, under Edward
VI., iii. 8; the Paraphrase of the New Testament
published in English, and the Book of Homilies,
ibid.; ecclesiastical visitation to inquire as to the
existence of Roman Catholic abuses, and the
reading of the Bible in English in churches, 9;
act for administering the Sacrament in both
kinds, 10; act for the suppression of chauntries,
ibid.; proclamation against religious processions,
11; the abolition of them not popular, ibid.;
act for the uniformity of service, 12; publication
of the Book of Common Prayer, 13; persecution
of Anabaptists, and burning of Joan Bocher,
38; Articles of Belief set forth by Edward VI.,
40; book of Canon Laws issued by Cranmer,
ibid.; Roman Catholic bishops deprived of their
sees, 41; execution of Somerset, and account of
his promotion of the doctrines of the Reforma-
tion, 44; sweeping changes effected by Mary on
her accession, 57, et seq.; Cranmer, Latimer, and
Ridley condemned for heresy at Oxford, 73; the
statutes against heretics revived, 77; the Marian
persecution, 79, et seq.; list of Protestant victims,
80; martyrdom of Hooper, bishop of Gloucester,
83; of Rowland Taylor, at Hadleigh, 85; preva-
lence of intolerance in both Reformers and
Papists, 88; Cranmer burnt, March 21, 1555, 93;
the church services ordered to be performed in
English on the accession of queen Elizabeth,
108; Mary's statutes in favour of popery repealed,
113; dissensions among the Reformers, and pro-
gress of Protestantism on the Continent, 116;
persecution on the continent of Protestants in
the Netherlands and France occasions the settle-
ment of a great number of Calvinists in England,
167; a new statute against papists passed in
1571, 171; growth of the Puritanical party, 172;
plots of the Jesuits against Elizabeth and the
Reformation, 160; increased severities enacted
against Papists, priests being ordered to quit the
country, 181; the pope excommunicates England,
and publishes a crusade against, 219
Reformation in Scotland, progress of, ii. 435;
James V. opposes himself to it, ibid.; he refuses
Henry VIII.'s proposal to make himself supreme
head of the church, 436; Wishart burnt, March
26, 1546, 441; cardinal Beaton assassinated, May
29, ibid.; hostility of the queen regent to the
Reformers, iii. 118; the Lords of the Congrega-
tion remonstrate, ibid.; John Knox arrives from
the continent, preaches at Perth, and the Re-
formers destroy the monastic houses, ibid.; Eliza-
beth lends secret assistance to the Reformers,
119; the Congregation has recourse to arms,
ibid.; Elizabeth assists them openly with an
army, and they besiege and take Leith, 120; a
Confession of Faith drawn up by a parliament
in 1560, 121; other acts passed establishing the
reformed religion, 122; Knox preaches against
the abstraction of the church patrimony, ibid.;
Knox's attacks upon Mary, and her avowal of her
hatred of him, 126; essential differences of, from
that of the Reformation in England, 135; dan-

487

ger of the establishment of, from the opposi-
tion of Mary, 137; the pope's authority abolished,
and the Confession of Faith of 1560 sanctioned,
by the parliament in December, 1567, 153
Register Book of births, deaths, and marriages,
order for the keeping of, in every church, by
Thomas Cromwell, ii. 455

Regner Lodbrok, first invasion of England by, i.
79; second invasion and death of, 93
Rents, rise of, in the reign of Henry VIII., ii. 473
Revenue, the amount of, in 1547, ii. 457; sources
of, 458; of the crown, as settled on Charles II.,
iv. 243

Revolution of 1688, the commencement of a new
cra of English History, iv. 448, et seq.

Richard of Cirencester, record by, of "a profound
peace, ," from A. D. 211 to 286, i. 31; list of cities
in Roman Britain given by, 39

Richard I., behaviour of, on the death of his father,
i. 304; crowned, Sept. 3, 1189, 305; massacre of
the Jews at the coronation of, 306; engages in
the third crusade, 307; mistaken sympathy for
the character of, ibid.; quarrels with Philip of
France, and marries Berengaria of Navarre, 308;
conquers Cyprus, 309; besieges Acre, ib d.; which
surrenders, 310; Philip returns to France in
anger, 311; Richard orders the massacre of the
Turkish hostages, because the Holy Cross had
not been delivered, 312; marches towards Jeru-
salem, ibid.; defeats Saladin in 1191, 313; is
forced to retreat after reaching Jaffa, 314; hears
of disturbances in England occasioned by the in-
trigues of his brother John, ibid.; Longchamp
his chancellor in England deposed, 315; Richard
is falsely accused of the murder of the marquis of
Montferrat, 316; last Eastern campaign of, 317;
approaches Jerusalem, but again retreats, 318;
attempts in vain to retake Jaffa, agrees to a truce,
and sails from Acre on Oct. 9, 1192, 319; is cap-
tured on his return, and imprisoned by the em-
peror of Germany, ibid.; is ransomed, 320; lands
at Sandwich, March 12, 1194, 322; leaves England
on May 9, lands at Harfleur, and pardons John,
329; drives Philip out of Normandy, 330; be-
sieges Chaluz, is wounded, and dies April 6, 1199,
330, 331

Richard II., coronation of, on July 16, 1377, ii. 3;
appointment by parliament of a council of re-
gency, ibid.; ill-success of his foreign wars, and
increase of taxation, 4; insurrection against the
poll-tax, headed by Wat Tyler, in 1351, 5; the
demands of the insurgents granted by, at Mile
End, 6; Wat Tyler killed in Smithfield during a
parley with the king, who then heads the insur-
gents himself, and at length dismisses them to
their homes, 7; the grants revoked, ibid.; pro-
poses to abolish slavery, but parliament refuses,
ibid.; statute against the preachers of heresies,
9; contest with the pope as to the bestowal of
benefices, 10; is supported in it by the parlia-
ment, 11; rise of the Lollards, ibid.; unnecessary
and oppressive interference of the government
of, in social affairs, 15-18; marries Anne of Bo-
hemia, 19; intrigues of his uncles and ministers,
20; war with France to support the Flemings in
1383, and truce in 1384, ibid.; becomes suspicious
of the duke of Lancaster, 20, 21; invades and
ravages Scotland, 21; rise of Michael de la Pole,
ibid.; projected invasion of the French, and
destruction of the French and Flemish fleets, 22;
extravagance of, and appointment of a commis
sion of regency, 23; impeachment and dismissa.
of De la Pole, earl of Suffolk, ihid.; tampers with
the judges, and obtains an opinion that the com-
mission is illegal, 24; goes to London, the Lords
assemble in arms, and defeat his adherents,
ibid.; the government in the hands of a par-
liamentary council, ibid.; battle of Otterbourne
fought in 1388, ibid.; dismisses his guardians
and assumes the government in 1389, 26; his
queen, Anne, dies, 27; goes to Ireland in 1394
with a large army, ibid.; marries Isabella of
France, 28; parliament repeals the commission
of regency, and the king becomes despotic, 29;
duke of Gloucester arrested and murdered, 30;
submission of the barons, ibid.; quarrel of the

duke of Hereford with the duke of Norfolk, 31;
he banishes them both, 32; seizes the possessions
of the duke of Lancaster on his death in 1398,
33; goes to Ireland with an army, but has little
success, 34; learns that Henry of Lancaster has
landed in England. and returns to Conway, ibid.;
is captured by the earl of Northumberland, 35;
carried to London, 35; is deposed, and resigns
his royalty, crown, and heritage, 37; is impri-
soned in the Tower, 38; death of, at Pontefract, in
1400, 41; Henry IV. accused of being his mur-
derer, 43 doubts as to the death of, and state-
ment of his escape from Pontefract, and death
of, at Stirling, in 1419, 44

Richard III. created duke of Gloucester in 1461, ii.
150; flies with Edward to the duke of Burgundy
on the restoration of Henry VI, 162; lands with
Edward at Ravenspur, 163; successfully attacks
Warwick at the battle of Barnet, 165; distin-
guishes himself at the battle of Tewkesbury,
166; different accounts of the personal appear-
ance of, ibid.; accused of the murder of prince
Edward, 167; suppresses the insurrection of
Falconbridge, ibid.; doubts as to his guilt of the
murder of Henry VI., 168; quarrels with Clarence,
172; marries Anne, daughter of the earl of War-
wick, and widow of prince Edward, ibid.; popu-
larity of, in the North, ibid.; opposes the treaty
of Picquiny, 174; no foundation for the state-
ment of his causing Clarence's death, 175; takes
Berwick, 176; swears fealty to Edward V., 177;
arrests earl Rivers and the members of Edward's
council, 178; is appointed Protector, 179; ac-
cuses Hastings of treason, and causes him to be
executed, 181, 182; proclaims his life in danger,
183; accuses Jane Shore of sorcery and conspi-
racy, 184; Shaw preaches in favour of his claim
to the crown, 185; and the duke of Buckingham
harangues the citizens on the same subject, ibid. ;
parliament assign him the crown on the ground
of the illegitimacy of Edward V., 167; causes
earl Rivers and others of Edward's council to be
beheaded, ibid.; he is crowned at Westminster,
July 6, 1483; death of the two princes in the
Tower, 188; evidence as to their murder con-
sidered, 158-192; ready submission of the people
to, and its causes, 194; mixed character of
Richard, ibid.; acts of clemency and restitution
by, ibid.; revolt of Buckingham, 195; which is
suppressed, and Buckingham executed, in 1483,
198; merits of Richard as a legislator, ibid.; salu-
tary laws passed by the parliament of, 199;
causes the statutes to be first printed, and in
English, 200; encourages printing and the im-
portation of books, 201; death of his son, 202;
negotiates with the duke of Brittany, for the
delivery of Henry of Richmond, ibid.; death of
Anne, his queen, 203; publicly disavows any inten-
tion of marrying Elizabeth, his brother Edward's
daughter, ibid.; mistaken estimate by, of Henry
of Richmond, as an adversary, ibid.; insufficient
precautions against treason taken by, 204; Rich-
mond lands at Milford Haven, ibid.; inadequate
preparations to resist, 205; battle of Bosworth,
Aug. 22, 1485, 206; his death, 207
Richborough, Roman colony at, i. 37; notice of
the ruins of, 38

Rivers, earl, patronage of printing by, ii. 171; ap-
pointed of the council of Edward V., 176; arrested
with the other members of the council by order
of Gloucester, 178; beheaded, 187; poetic com-
position by, 188

Roads, British and Roman, different character of,
i. 8, 10, 11

Robert succeeds William the Conqueror, as duke of
Normandy, i. 218; state of Normandy under,
222; denounces his brother William as perjured,
and prepares for war, 224; mortgages his duke-
dom in 1096 to William, 225; becomes one of the
leaders of the Crusade, 226; returns to Europe,
and marries, 234; invades England, but is recon-
ciled to his brother Henry, to whom he cedes his
claims to the crown of England, 237; rebellion of
Robert de Belesme against, who is however par-
doned and restored to his estates, 238; disaffec-
tion of the Norman barons against, fostered by

Henry, 239; is attacked by Henry, and taken
prisoner, at the battle of Tinchenbrai in 1105,
240; dies a prisoner in 1135, 241

Robert, earl of Gloucester, becomes an adherent of
Matilda against Stephen, i. 251; encourages the
people of Bristol in their attacks on Stephen's
partisans, 252; maintains possession of Bristol
and Leeds, 254; lands in England with Matilda
in 1139, 261; wins the battle of Lincoln and takes
Stephen prisoner, 262, 263; captured at Win-
chester, and exchanged for Stephen, 265; cha-
racter of, ibid.; death of, in 1147, 268

Robin Hood, first mention of, i 323; theories as to
the reality of, 323, 324; the representative of
resistance to aristocratic tyranny, 324; detesta-
tion of oppression, and poetical excellence shown
in the Robin Hood ballads, 325; theory of the
adventures connected with, being founded on
those of the defeated adherents of Simon de
Montfort, 376

Roman dominion in Britain, civilising effects of
i. 34, et seq.; roads in Britain, notice of, 34; policy
in employing natives in their armies, 36; the
army an instrument of civilisation, ibid.; for
tresses in Britain, notice of, 37; colonies in
Britain, list of, ibid.; ancient remains of, 37, 38;
cities of, 39; administration in Britain, 44,
municipal establishments of, 45; customs, exist-
ing remains of, 48, 49; municipalities, rise of
separate sovereignties in Britain, from, 59
Romans, progress of the conquests of, in Britain,
i. 20; encouraged the settlement of foreigners in
Britain, 44; municipal institutions established
by the, 45

Rome, intercourse of Britain with, i. 14; taken by
the Goths, 56

Rupert, prince, appointed to the command of the
horse in the royal army at Nottingham, iii. 495;
early carcer, iv. 2; first encounter between his
cavalry and the parliamentarian forces, 3; in-
solence displayed by, ibid.; conduct at the
battle of Edgehill, 4; gains the battle at
Brentford, 8; and that of Chalgrove Field, 16;
takes Bristol, 20; relieves Lathom House, $4;
possesses himself of York, 35; is defeated at the
battle of Marston Moor, 36; retreats to
Chester, ibid.; is defeated at Naseby, 43; his
impetuosity, 44; surrenders Bristol, 47; is dis-
missed from his command by Charles I, 48:
meeting of, with Charles, at Newark, and final
parting. 53; appears in St. George's channel with
a formidable fleet, 121; general Blake interrupts
the operations of, 124; takes refuge in Kinsale,
ibid.; compelled to leave the Irish coast, ibid.;
sails to the coast of Portugal, and is followed to the
Tagus by Blake, 149; escapes to Spain, 150; ap.
pointed to the command of the fleet against the
Dutch in 1666, with Monk, 279; is suspected of
not having aided Monk with sufficient promp-
titude in his battle with the Dutch fleet, 280;
assists in ravaging the Dutch coast. 282; is ap-
pointed to the command of the fleet on the
resignation of the duke of York, in 1673, 321
Rural industry of the Anglo-Saxons, i. 88. et seq.
Russell, lord Wm., moves a resolution in the House
of Commons to take into consideration how to
suppress popery and prevent a popish succes-
sion, iv. 356; carries up the Exclusion bill to the
House of Lords, 357; accused of a participation
in the Rye-House plot in 1683, 371; is arrested
and brought to trial on July 13, 372; noble
behaviour of his wife, 373; is convicted and
beheaded on July 21, 374

ST. ALBAN'S, first battle of, on May 22, 1455, ii. 138;
Warwick defeated by Queen Margaret in the
second battle of, in 1461, 146

St. Bartholomew's, massacro of, iii. 175, 176
St. Paul's Cathedral, burning of the steeple of, in
1561, iii. 130

Saladin, extent of the power of, i. 203; takes Jeru-
salem, 304; fails to relieve Acre, 310; neglecting
to restore the Holy Cross, the hostages at Acro
are massacred, 311; beheads the Christian cap-
tives in retaliation for Richard's massacre of the
hostages, 312; defeated by Richard in 1191, 813;

Saxon shore, "Litus Saxonicum," opinions of
Dr. Lappenberg, Sir F. Palgrave, and Mr.
Kemble as to its meaning a settlement of Saxons,
i. 44

Saxon invasion of Britain, obscurity of the events
of, i. 61; rapid succession of Saxon kings or chiefs,
62; gradual extension of the dominions of, 63;
native scats of, ibid.; heathendom, account of,
65; period, close of, 184; influence of, on the
national character, ibid.

Saxons, probable settlement of large numbers of,
in England, before the Saxon invasion, i. 44, 47 ;
principle of personal freedom probably derived
from, 47; obscure interval between their supre-
macy in Britain, and that of the Romans, i. 56;
continued hatred of, to the Normans in England,
as described by Geoffrey of Monmouth, 246, 247
Scotland, the death of Margaret in 1290, leaves the
crown open to several claimants, i. 412; pro-
bable consequences if Margaret had married
prince Edward, ibid.; claimants to the crown,
414; decision referred to Edward I., ibid.; con-
ference near Norham, ibid.; Edward demands
to be acknowledged as feudal superior, 415; the
states do not comply, but Bruce and Balliol do,"
and the crown is awarded to Balliol, who does
homage, 416; Balliol asserts his independence,
and Edward invades Scotland, 417; Balliol
resigns his crown to Edward, 418; the bishops
and barons of, do homage to Edward, 419; revolt
under Wallace in 1297, 420; defeat of the English
at Stirling, 420, 421; Wallace created guardian of
the kingdom, 421; victory of the English at
Falkirk, ibid; the pope demands that the dis-
pute should be referred to his decision, 423;
Edward again invades it, and compels submission,
ibid.; revolts again under Robert Bruce the
younger in 1305, 425; Edward I. assembles an
army to attack him, but dies in 1307, 426; Robert
Bruce recognised as king, 430; devastations of
the war in, 431; battle of Bannockburn, on June
24, 1314, 434; independence of, acknowledged by
a peace in 1328, 445; contest for the crown of,
between David Bruce and Edward Balliol, in 1332,
451; Balliol seeks the aid of Edward III., who
wins the battle of Halidon Hill, on July 19, 1333,
ibid.; is ravaged by the English in concert with
Balliol, 452; David restored to the kingdom in
1341, ibid.; David invades England in 1346, is
defeated and taken prisoner at the battle of
Nevill's Cross, i. 464; the Scots surprise Berwick,
Edward III. retakes it, and ravages the Lothians
in 1355; distracted state of, after the battle of
Flodden, ii. 297; duke of Albany declared regent,
and queen Margaret goes to England, ibid.;
Albany is superseded, and the earl of Angus, the
husband of Margaret, becomes supreme, 298;
Margaret sues for a divorce, and recalls Albany,
ibid. the English invade Scotland, destroy Jed-
burgh, and ravage the border, 299; Albany retires
to France, and Angus is made regent, 300; state
of, during the minority of James V., 435; pro-
gress of the Reformation in, ibid.; James marries
Mary of Guise, and opposes himself to the
Reformation, ibid.; Henry VIII. declares war and
invades Scotland, 436; the army desert James,
who dies, Dec. 14, 1542, ibid.; Henry endeavours
to effect a marriage between his son Edward and
the young queen Mary, ibid.; the negotiation
defeated by the queen mother and cardinal
Beaton, 437; the earl of Hertford invades, and
ravages the kingdom as far north as Edinburgh,
437-439; Wishart burnt by Beaton, March 26,
1546, 441; Benton assassinated, May 29, ibid.;
the duke of Somerset endeavours to enforce the
treaty for the marriage of Mary with Edward,
iii. 4; he invades Scotland, and proposes terms
for a union, 6; battle of Pinkie, 7; Mary of
Guise, the regent, forms an alliance with France,
VOL. IV.

489

and wishes to invade England, but is prevented
by the nobles, 102; hostility of the queen regent
to the Reformers, 118; arrival of John Knox in
Scotland, and outburst of the Reformers on his
preaching at Perth, ibid.; desire of the Reformers
for an alliance with England, 119; Elizabeth sends
them secret assistance, ibid.; the Lords of the
Congregation take up arms, ibid.; Elizabeth
assists them openly, and they besiege Leith, 120;
the queen regent dies, ibid.; a parliament assem-
bled, and a Confession of Faith drawn up, 121;
disturbed state of, during the imprisonment of
Mary, after the assassination of the regent Murray,
174; Lennox succeeds Murray as regent, and
is also assassinated, ibid.; attempts of Charles I.
and Laud to introduce episcopacy into, 429;
outbreak of the resistance to, in Edinburgh
in 1637, 430; the National Covenant entered
into, 431; the marquis of Hamilton sent to quell
the resistance, 433; a General Assembly con-
vened at Glasgow, ibid.; the Covenanters levy
forces, and Lesley seizes Edinburgh, 434; they
advance to the border to oppose the king, who
had arrived at Berwick, 435; a pacification
agreed to on June 18, 1639, and the army is dis-
banded, ibid.; in 1640 the Committee of Estates
send an army of 25,000 men with a petition to
England, Charles assembles troops at York to
oppose them, and on Aug. 27, he is utterly
defeated at Newburn, near Newcastle, 437; a
truce for two months agreed upon, and the
Scottish army to be paid by England, 438; ap-
prehensions of the Presbyterian party in, that
England would be content with a modified
episcopacy, 472; negotiation by parliamentarians
for an alliance with, iv. 27; the Solemn League
and Covenant accepted by England, 28; the
Scotch form of church government agreed
to be adopted in England, ibid.; the Cove-
nant severely enforced, 30; Scottish army enters
England, 31; Scotch divines strenuous for
the abolition of episcopacy, 39; battles in,
between Argyle and Montrose, 40; arrival of
Argyle in London from, 41; Lesley re-establishes
the Covenanting power in, 52; the king nego-
tiates with the Scots in 1646, 58; trusts himself
to them, 61; they surrender him to the English,
63; they negotiate with Charles at Carisbrook,
88; the army of, enters England, 94; is defeated
by Cromwell, who enters Scotland Sept. 20, 1648,
95; Charles II. negotiates with the parliament
of, 128; adventures of Montrose in, 129; Act of
Attainder passed by the parliament of, against
Montrose, in 1644, upon which Act he is sen-
tenced to death, ibid.; Charles II. arrives in,
131; preparation of war with England in 1650
commenced, 132; Cromwell leads an army
into, ibid.; the Presbyterian leaders in Scotland
compel Charles to sign a declaration against
popery and heresy, 33; Cromwell defeats
Lesley at the battle of Dunbar, 135; Charles
crowned at Scone, 185; Perth taken by
Cromwell, ibid.; Scotch army invades Eng-
land, 137; and is defeated at Worcester,
138; a parliament summoned after the Resto-
ration, in 1661, 258; Argyle tried and exe-
cuted for treason, ibid.; attempt to force Epis
copacy upon, and Sharpe made archbishop of
St. Andrews, ibid.; all the Acts passed during
the previous twenty-eight years annulled, 259;
insurrection of the Covenanters, in 1666, and
cruelties practised towards, 294; efforts of
Lauderdale to promote a compromise in religious
matters, 347; resistance made to it by the
Covenanters, ibid.; attempt to hunt down and
reduce the Covenanters by force, 348; murder of
archbishop Sharpe, in 1679, 249; defeat of Cla-
verhouse at Drumclog, ibid.; battle of Bothwell
Bridge, on June 22, 1679, ind.; the parliament
in 1682 pass a Test Act asserting the king's
supremacy and renouncing the Covenant, 366;
fresh persecutions of the Covenanters by the
duke of York, 367; insurrection against James II.
headed by the earl of Argyle, 388; its failure,
and Argyle's execution, 389; declaration for
liberty of conscience published by James II, in

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