of Burton upon Trent, for being a Baptist. Such was the spirit of the monarch who ordered the forty-seven translators to "conform as nearly as possible to the Bishops' Bible, and to adopt and not translate the old ecclesiastical words," such as Blaconusw, blaspheme ; auny, amen; ayyelos, angel; os, zealous; Biglos, Bible; Fevesis, Genesis; exxλysia, congregation; Tethos, title; or, corban; qpilosopia, philosophy; zapаитng, character; paluos psalms; a and o, alpha and omega; σvvayon, synagogue; Zaßßarov, Sabbath ; agrvo,martyr; καθολικός, catholic; αναθεματίζω, anathematize ; βαπτίζω, baptize. To some of these words we have given appropriate significations in English; while blaspheme, corban, alpha and omega, synagogue, church, anathematize, and especially baptize, are constantly perplexing the unlearned. Persons who have not thought extensively on the subject, look upon our version as the only Bible; or, if they know there are other translations, they suppose them all the same. But each Christian nation has the Bible in its own language. Some are translations from the originals; others are translations from translations. Some have translated all the original words; others have not. In all entire translations, Santigo is rendered dip, or an equivalent. In our Bible, unfortunately, the word ßantigo, is not translated; and pedobaptists have seized this circumstance to puzzle the ignorant and sustain their sprinkling. But suppose neither of Peters words were translated at Acts ii. 38. μɛTаVOCATE, Repent, xa, and Barrio Onto, be baptized, βαπτισθήτω, and thousands of designing men should rack their brains for criticisms to prove that uɛravos, repent, neither means to turn away from sin, nor be sorry for it; what would be the result? They might dupe the ignorant; but would the world be improved by their labors? ་ Pedobaptists treat fanto and its cognates precisely as the Universalists do ano, eternal; and the latter can as easily prove future punishment limited, as the former that Bantigo, baptize, means to sprinkle; and when pedobaptists encounter Universalists, they are obliged to adopt correct principles of interpretation, or be defeated. SECTION VI. Direct Arguments for Immersion. THE Greeks have several words which they employ with reference to the use of water. Ραντίζω, from pavo, to sprinkle; yew, and exyɛo, pour, to pour out; ayrit, to purify; xabaiga, to cleanse; vnt, to wash the hands, face or feet; love, to bathe the body; nuve, to wash clothes; and Barrigo, from fanto, to dip or immerse. In the English Bible, the word sprinkle occurs sixty-two times. In 31 instances it is a translation from garro; in 23 instances from the compounds of yew; in 8 instances from other words; but in no instance is it from βαπτω or βαπτίζω. Το pour, with its derivatives, occurs 152 times. In 94 instances it is translated · from γεω and its compounds; and 58 times from other words and phrases, amounting to 27 varieties; but in no instance from βαπτώ οι βαπτίζω. Το wash occurs 139 times; 38 times it is a translation of vint; 49 times λούω ; 44 times φαινω ; 3 times ye; and 5 times βαπτω οι βαπτίζω, as the effect of immersion as at Mark vii. 4. To dip, with its derivatives, occurs 22 times. Once it is from uohuva, stain, as when Joseph's coat was dipped in blood-Gen. xxxvii. 31; the other 21 times it is from βάπτω or βαπτίζω ; but never from φαινω, χεω, νιπτω, λούω, πλυνω, or any of their compounds or derivaTo plunge occurs but once, and there it is The Hebrew word ba occurs in the Old Tes tives. βαπτω. tament 17 times. In the Septuagint it is 16 times rendered βαπτω οι βαπτίζω, and once μολύνω, to dye. Junius and Tremmelius translate it into Latin 16 times by tingo, immergo, and demergo; and our English version translates it 16 times to dip or plunge, and once dyed. Thus we find that in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and English, the definite and immutable meaning of the word is to dip, to immerse, to plunge. γεω Now if to baptize is simply to purify or cleanse, as Mr. Sawyer says, p. 1, then aprigo, to purify, or xalaqizo, to cleanse, would have been the verb used. If sprinkling was the action, then garrigo would have been used. If pouring were the action commanded, then ye would have been the word, and to sprinkle water on the feet, or pour it in the mouth, would have been equally valid baptism. If to wash the clothes were the action, then hvv would be the word. If washing the hands, face or feet were the action of baptism, then vTO would be the word. If bathing the body, by applying the water to wash or cleanse had been the action commanded, then love would have been the word. But as dipping or immersing is the action which God commanded, Bantiga is used in every instance where the action of baptism is spoken of; and I ask proof to the contrary. Mr. Sawyer says, p. 2, "faлtico, baptize, is a frøquentative verb, derived from fanto, and according to its derivative form denotes frequency or repetition of the action signified." We reply, there are about 19,000 verbs in the Greek language, and about 3,400 of these end in go; yet probably not a dozen frequentatives can be found in the whole. Therefore if this verb has a frequentative meaning, it is not derived from the law of formation; and if derived from special usage, it is of modern invention. Would the limits of this work allow it, we could quote hundreds of eminent scholars, to prove that repeated baptisms are not required by the force of the word. Tertulian says,— "Thence we are thrice immersed, [ ter mergitamur,] fulfilling somewhat more [amplius aliquid respondentes] than the Lord has decreed in the gospel."-- Tertulian corona Militis, chapt. 3. And as Mr. Sawyer allows Bantigo to be the word employed, if he could prove it to be a frequentative, he would only show that baptism, whatever the action is, should be repeated. Having clearly shown that the derivatives of fantas are the only words used in the Bible to denote baptism, and that baptism is one unchangeable action; to de termine the meaning of βαπτω, βαπτίζω, βαπτιςμα, βαπτιςpos, &c., we introduce the following testimony: I.--LEXICONS. Mr. Sawyer says, p. 2, "The mode of baptism is not to be determined by a hasty reference to Greek lexicons, or the testimony of professed Greek scholars and Professors. It requires an investigation of the original words applied to denote this rite, in the writings where they occur. By this means we ASCEND BEYOND THE LEXICONS, and are enabled to judge for ourselves." When Mr. S. says he ascends beyond the lexicons, he must mean that he ascends beyond the authors of the lexicons. It is possible, however, that some of these Greek authors and Professors, who were the ablest of native Greek scholars, would scarcely be willing to learn the meaning of Greek verbs at Mr. Sawyer's feet. The fact that pedobaptist lexicons render Bantito immerse, is an evidence that popular literature lives above sectarian prejudices, "We appeal to the vocabulary and lexicon for the meaning of the term. We have the literal meaning of it fixed by all Greece; and if any other baptism had been intended by our Lord, the intentional departure from the common acceptation of the word would have been frankly and honestly stated." Dr. W. C. Brownlee against Quakers. 'If the meaning of the word is immerse, then im mersion and nothing else will do; for it would be folly for me to attempt to immerse a man by sprinkling him.' Edward Beecher, President of Jacksonville College. We shall now see why Mr. Sawyer feared the lexi cons. 'Bantico, properly immergo ac intingo in aquam mergo; to immerse, to dip, to plunge into water.' Schleusner's Lex 'Bantico, in its primary and radical sense; I cover with water. It is used to denote, 1st, I plunge or sink completely under water.' Ewing's Lex. 'fantigo, plunge, to plunge in water, to dip.' John Jones' Lea 'fantis, mergo, immergo.' s. Patrick's Lex. 'Baptistrum, a bath into which persons are plunged.' A. Adams' Lex. 'Baptisma and baptismus, Barro, die tauffe.' A. Buchener's Lez 'Baptism in theology is formed from the Greek Bantico, I dip, I plunge.' Dr. Reese's Cyclopedia. 'Baptism, formed of Bartigo, of Banto; I dip, or plunge. In primitive times the ceremony was performed by immersion.' E. Chalmer's Cyclopedia. 'Barugo, to dip, to plunge, to immerse in water.' J. Parkhurst's Lez 'Baptism, faлtisuos, to dip or immerse.' 'Bantic, mergo, immergo.' B. Hedrici Lex. ''Mergo, to dip, to sink.' Cole's Latin Dict. Calmet's Dist dip over head and ears.' W. Young's English and Latin Diet. Bantigo, proprie saepius intingo submergo in aquam, immergo.' C. G. Bretschneider's Lex. 'Intingo, to dip in, to steep in, or color.' W. Young's English and Latin Diet. 'Mergo, I dip, immergo, I dip in, plunge over head.' C. Cellario, Latin Dict 'Baptizo, to dip all over.' w. Young's Latin and English Diot. Bantigo, to dip, immerse, submerge, sink.' Pickering's Lex, |