the result was that the anger, pride and revenge of the church of Rome lifted Gregory to the Papal Chair; not in the name of a Pope, but in spirit and authority he was equal to a Pope. Gregory died A. D. 604, and was succeeded by a weak bishop, named Sabinianus, who continued but one year, and was succeeded by Boniface III.

In A. D. 602, a nobleman of Chalcedania, named Phocas, determined to murder Mauricius, Emperor of Constantinople, and reign in his place. Assisted by Boniface, he killed Mauricius, his six sons and two daughters, and took the crown. When Phocas was enthroned, to reward Boniface he declared him Pope, and the Church of Rome the head of all other churches, A. D. 606. Not content with being head of the Church, the Pope soon aspired for the Emperorship. InA. D. 732, Gregory III. excommunicated Emperor Leo, Isaurin of Constantinople, because he opposed image worship. Leo fitted out a fleet to seek redress of Gregory by force of arms; but Leo's ships were wrecked in the Adriatic sea, and in this hour of calamity Gregory seized the imperial power, and commeuced acting, in all respects, as the sovereign of the people.

The Pope now assumed the name of SOVEREIGN PONTIFF, PRINCE OF THE APOSTLES, PRINCE OVER ALL NATIONS AND KINGDOMS, MASTER OF THE UNIVERSAL WORLD, HIS HOLINESS, GOD ON EARTH, LIGHT OF THE WORLD, MOST HIGH, KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS, MOST HOLY AND MOST BLESSED, LORD GOD THE POPE!!! and declared that Jesus Christ had granted a twofold power to the church, i. e. the spiritual and temporal sword, and subjected the whole human race to the authority of the Roman Pontiff, and whoever dare disbelieve it were deemed heretic, and stood excluded from all possibility of salvation, and that in good sense and judgment

Christ hath given to PETER and consequently to the POPE, the power of making that to be sin which was no sin, and that which was sin to be no sin, for the Pope holdeth the place on earth, not simply of man but of TRUE God. See First Book of Gregory, Decret 9, Chap. 3, and Corpus Juris Canon Extravagants, Com. Lib. 1.

Thus he had power, as God on earth, not only to make and pardon sin, but to make and dethrone kings and emperors, to make and change church ordinances, and the church itself into another thing,-and bind her members under anathema to believe "that it was not only lawful, but even praise-worthy to deceive and to use the expedient of a lie in order to advance the cause of truth and piety."-Moshiem's Church History, Vol. 1, p. 198.

At the head of an ARMY, falsely called a church, fixed in the faith just described, the Pope went on to denounce, not only churches, but whole nations as heretics, and with his two-fold power they were converted to his faith and service or inhumanly murdered. In the valley of Piedemont alone, it is supposed that more than a million of the Waldenses and Albi

genses were put to death. In France, within the space of thirty years, 39 Princes, 148 Counts, 234 Barons, 147,518 gentlemen, 760,000 persons of a lower rank were destroyed as heretics. Thus wars, murder, burning, banishing and disgrace have been dealt out to the defenceless lambs of Christ in Italy, Palestine, Germany, Bohemia, Greece, England, France, Spain, Portugal, Africa, &c., for centuries past, by the hand of this enemy of God and man. Her motto has been, "On pain of anathema, permit not the heretics to have houses in your districts, or enter into contracts, or carry on commerce, or enjoy the comforts of humanity with Christians."-Bull of Pope Martin, V., A. D. 1418. And to effectually hard

en their hearts, Cajetan, on the authority of Clement VI., published, that "as one drop of Christ's blood was sufficient to redeem the whole human race, the remaining quantity, that was shed in the garden and on the cross, was left as a legacy to the church, to be a treasure from whence indulgences were to be drawn and administered by the Roman Pontiff." But as the

Pope and his Catholic church could not have been fighting shadows from A. D. 606 to A. D. 1500, we therefore ask what denomination of Christians sustained these sufferings?

Certainly not the Lutherans, for Martin Luther, the founder of this sect was born at Isleben, in Saxony, Nov. 10, A. D. 1483. Both he and his followers. were persecuting Roman Catholics till A. D. 1517, when he began to oppose John Tetzel for selling indulgencies in Germany. The Pope's bull against Luther bears date June 15, A. D. 1520, and Dec. 10, A. D. 1520, Luther burnt the bull, decretals and canons at Wittemberge, and began preaching his new doctrine. Their confession of faith was composed by Luther and Melancthon, A. D. 1530. Their number in the United States, A. D. 1836, was 62,266.

It was not the Presbyterians, for John Calvin, the founder of this sect, was born in Noyon, in France, July 10, A. D. 1509. He, and his associates were persecuting Catholics till A. D. 1534, when he was converted and fled from the Catholics to Geneva, and established his church there about A. D. 1536. Christianity had flourished in Scotland from the third to the fifth century, at which time the Pope sent Palladius to convert those Scotch Christians, whom he called Culdees to papacy, which from this time continued to be the religion of the nation till A. D. 1560. Resby, Hamilton, Wishart, Mill, and others, opposed papacy in their time; but at A. D. 1559, when John Knox returned from Geneva, he introduced John Calvin's

doctrines, and A. D. 1560 Calvinism was established by law as the religion of the kingdom. From that time and place, Calvinism (which we call Presbyterianism,) spread first into England, then into America. The Presbyterians formed a union and opened communion with the Congregationalists, at Saybrook, Sept. 9, A. D. 1708, which continued to May, A. D. 1837, when they excluded the Congregationalists. A. D. 1835 they numbered 274,048; but A. D. 1838, the denomination divided and went to law for their rights, and which party will finally bear the name, or what will be their number, we can not say.

It certainly was not the Congregationalists, for the Brownists began under the labors of Robert Brown, at Middleburgh, in Zealand, A. D. 1590; and John Robinson, of Norfolk, England, began Brownism in his place, A. D. 1616, and they called themselves Independents. When they were persecuted in England they fled to Holland, and from there to America, A. D. 1620; and when they organized churches in this country, they denominated themselves Congregationalists. Their first confession of faith was dated Cambridge, A. D. 1648, and their second Saybrook, A. D. 1708. Their present number is about

150,000 members.

Neither were the persecuted the Episcopalians. Christianity was planted in England about A. D. 60, and flourished till A. D. 597, when the Pope sent Austin, the Monk, with about forty others, who, by fraud and threats, brought a majority of the British churches under the papal yoke and kept them there. A. D. 1200, John, King of England, interfered with the Papal influence, and Innocent III. laid an interdict upon the kingdom. In A. D. 1211, the Pope excommunicated King John; and A. D. 1212, he dethroned him, and gave Philip Augustus, King of France, authority to take the kingdom. Pandulf, the Pope's legate, took

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John's crown and kept it five days, and when John was sufficiently humbled, it was given to him as a present from the Pope. Henry VIII. was man Catholic, and during the reformation he so bitterly opposed Martin Luther, that Pope Leo X. declared him Defender of the Faith, A. D. 1521. But, after this, Henry VIII. fell in love with Anna Bullen, and petitioned Pope Clement VII. to divorce. him from his wife Catharine; and, because Clement would not, he broke communion with the church of Rome, and declared himself head of the church of England, A. D. 1534. Henry died, A. D. 1547, and Edward VI., his son, reigned to A. D. 1553. Then Mary, his sister, who was a violent Roman Catholic, took the throne, and during her reign protestants suffered great persecution. She died A. D. 1558, and Elizabeth, the daughter of Henry VIII., by Anna Bullen, reigned to 1603. During her reign the Episcopal church was established. Thus England was under Catholicism 960 years; and the principal change that took place when they reformed, or that exists now, is that they reject the Pope's authority and some of his external ceremonies. They plead that their priests and church order are one and the same with the Roman Catholics; and so far from being ashamed of it, they are proud to defend it; and, they are so certain of it, that they will not exchange pulpits with any others. They have about 850 churches in the United States.

The sufferers were not Methodists, (see Methodist Discipline, page 1,) for they originated in England, A. D. 1737, and in A. D. 1766 they came to America. Their first meeting house was built in John-street, N. York, A, D. 1769. They numbered in A. D. 1835, (counting their probationers, &c.,) 566,957 whites, and 83,135, colored.

From the above it is obvious that it was not the