leave the Romans, and come over to us. The Gauls, remembering their former liberty, and that it was the Romans who deprived them of it, will forsake their tyrants, and join the assertors of freedom. The Germans who remain in their army will follow the example of their countrymen, the Usipii, who so lately deserted. And what will there be then to fear? A few half-garrisoned forts; a few municipal towns Contempt. inhabited by worn-out old men, discord universally prevailing, occasioned by tyranny in those who command, and obstinacy in those who should obey. On our side, an army united in the cause of their country, Courage. their wives, their children, their aged parents, their liberties, their lives. At the head of this army-I hope I do not offend against modesty in saying, there Apology. is a general ready to exert all his abilities, such as they are, and to hazard his life in leading you to victory and to freedom. I conclude, my countrymen and fellow-soldiers, Encouragwith putting you in mind, that on your behaviour ing. this day depends your future enjoyment of peace and liberty, or your subjection to a tyrannical enemy, with all its grievous consequences. When, therefore, you come to engage-think of your ancestors—and think of your posterity. XXIV.-BLUNT REPROOF-WARNING-OFFERING FRIENDSHIP. The speech of the Scythian ambassadors to Alexander, who was preparing war against them.-Q. Curtius. Ir your person were as gigantic as your desires, the Respect. world would not contain you. Your right hand would touch the east, and your left the west at the I Warning. Warning. Remonstrance. all lay hold on Europe. And if you should conquer mankind, you seem disposed to wage war with woods and snows, with rivers and wild beasts, and to attempt to subdue nature. But have you considered the usual course of things? Have you reflected, that great trees are many years in growing to their height, Contempt. and are cut down in an hour? It is foolish to think of the fruit only, without considering the height you have to climb to come at it. Take care, lest, while you strive to reach the top, you fall to the ground with the branches you have laid hold on. The lion, when dead, is devoured by ravens; and rust consumes the hardness of iron. There is nothing so strong but it is in danger from what is weak. It will, therefore, be your wisdom to take care how you venture beyond your reach. Besides, what have you to do with the Scythians, or the Scythians with you ? We have never invaded Macedon: why should you attack Scythia? We inhabit vast deserts and pathless woods, where we do not want to hear of the name of Alexander. We are not disposed to submit to slavery; and we have no ambition to tyrannize over any nation. That you may understand the genius of the Scythians, we present you with a yoke of oxen, an arrow, and a goblet. We use these respectively in our commerce with friends and with foes. We give to our friends the corn, which we raise by the labour of our oxen. With the goblet we join with them in pouring drink-offerings to the gods; and with arrows we attack our enemies. We have conquered those who have attempted to tyrannize over us in our own country, and likewise the kings of the Medes and Persians, when they made unjust war upon us; and we have opened to ourAccusation. selves a way into Egypt. You pretend to be the punisher of robbers, and are yourself the general Courage. strance. robber of mankind. You have taken Lydia; you have seized Syria; you are master of Persia; you have subdued the Bactrians, and attacked India. All this will not satisfy you, unless you lay your greedy and insatiable hands upon our flocks and our herds. How imprudent is your conduct? You grasp Remonat riches, the possession of which only increases your avarice. You increase your hunger by what should produce satiety; so that the more you have, the more you desire. But have you forgot how long the conquest of the Bactrians detained you? While you were subduing them, the Sogdians revolted. Your victories serve no other purpose than to find you employment by producing new wars; for the business Instruction. of every conquest is two-fold—to win, and to preserve. And though you may be the greatest of warriors, Warning. you must expect, that the nations you conquer will endeavour to shake off the yoke as fast as possible. For what people chooses to be under foreign domi- Courage. nion? If you will cross the Tanais, you may travel over Scythia, and observe how extensive a territory we inhabit. But to conquer us is quite another busi- Warning. ness. Your army is loaded with the cumbrous spoils of many nations. You will find the poverty of the Scythians, at one time, too nimble for your pursuit ; Threatening and, at another time, when you think we are fled far enough from you, you will have us surprise you in your camp; for the Scythians attack with no less vigour than they fly. Why should we put you in Remonmind of the vastness of the country you will have to conquer? The deserts of Scythia are commonly talked of in Greece; and all the world knows that our delight is to dwell at large, and not in towns or plantations. It will therefore be your wisdom to Advising. keep, with strict attention, what you have gained. strance, Catching at more, you may lose what you have. We Warning. Reproof. Advising. have a proverbial saying in Scythia, "That fortune has no feet, and is furnished only with hands to distribute her capricious favours, and with fins to elude the grasp of those to whom she has been bountiful." You give yourself out to be a god, the son of Jupiter Contempt. Hammon. It suits the character of a god to bestow favours on mortals; not to deprive them of what they have. But if you are no god, reflect on the precarious condition of humanity. You will thus show more wisdom than by dwelling on those subjects, which have puffed up your pride, and made you forget yourself. You see how little you are likely to gain by attempting the conquest of Scythia. Offering. On the other hand, you may, if you please, have in Friendship. us a valuable alliance. We command the borders of Instruction. both Europe and Asia. There is nothing between us and Bactria but the river Tanais; and our territory extends to Thrace, which, as we have heard, borders on Macedon. If you decline attacking us in a hostile manner, you may have our friendship. Nations which have never been at war are on an Warning. equal footing. But it is in vain that confidence is reposed in a conquered people. There can be no sincere friendship between the oppressors and the oppressed. Even in peace, the latter think themselves entitled to the rights of war against the former. Offering. We will, if you think good, enter into a treaty with you according to our manner, which is, not by signing, sealing, and taking the gods to witness, as is the Grecian custom; but by doing actual services. The Bluntness. Scythians are not used to promise, but to perform without promising. And they think an appeal to the gods superfluous; for that those who have no regard for the esteem of men will not hesitate to offend the Advising. gods by perjury. You may therefore consider with yourself, whether vou had better have a people of Offering. such a character (and so situated as to have it in their power either to serve you or to annoy you, according as you treat them) for allies, or for enemies. XXV.- -REFLECTION ON LOST HAPPINESS-SELF-CON- Satan's Soliloquy, from "Milton's Paradise Lost." O thou that, with surpassing glory crown'd, Admiration. Hatred. Painful reflection. Self-condemnation. Vindication of an enemy. Self-condemnation. Pride. Self-condemnation. Anguish. |