like manner, when you carry at 40 or 60, first add the units, and put down the right hand figure of the sum; then run up the tens, and carry the 4th or 6th part of their sum, respectively, to the next higher denomination. 2. The learner should not consider himself sufficiently expert at Addition, till he can run up ten lines of pounds, shillings, and pence, in less than half a minute, or 20 lines in a minute; and so on. 3. The rules for the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of compound quantities, are founded on the same principles as those for the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of abstract numbers. In the one case, we carry at 10; in the other, at the number of units of a lower denomination which make 1 of the next higher; for which the reason is evident. EXERCISES. 1. Add together 1+1+2+1+1+1. 2. Add together 2+1+2+1+1+1. 3. Add together 24d.+3+5+7+8+91. 4. Add together 7/6+8/5+4/8+9/10+8/9+6/7. 5. Add together 4/9+3/7+4/62+7/101+15/8+17/61. 6. Add together £8: 17: 9+£1 : 19: 11+£5:16:8+16/11+ 17/6+£7: 13. 7. Add together £9: 16: 8+£5: 19+£4: 9:5+£8:17:91+ £15:18:8+£6:5:7+£8: 10:114. 8. Add together £47: 19: 8+ £58 : 16 : 93 + £99 : 18 : 7+ £56:17:101+£85:8:8§+£96 : 7 : [13+£49 : 6 : 61. 9. Add together £5: 7:8+£7: 12:5+£3:16:41+£9:11:8 +£4: 19: 10+ £5: 16: 8+£9:12:7. 10. Add together £9: 16 : 6+ £8: 19: 10 + £7:13:33+ £2:17:8+£3:14:71+£9:8:9+£8:9:81+£5:7:42 +£7:3:7 11. Add together £16: 8:5+ £95: 17: 31 + £47: 19: 9}+ £24: 6:4+£89: 16: 83+£78: 15: 101+£65: 14:91+ £87:17:7+£59: 19 : 81. 12. Add together £79: 15: 8+ £95 : 19 : 71⁄2 + £38: 17:59+ £47:18: 6+£99: 12:3§+£58: 15: 11+£36: 16:61⁄2 +£49: 19:102+£87: 14: 7. £98 17 11/ 14. £95 19 10 13. 15. £437 16 8 47 13 3 87 18 9 285 19 10 394 18 11 -687 14 9 976 15 4 25 16 6 74 16 927 18 6 895 17 3 64 14 8 467 19 11 17 7 10/1/2 996 18 10 29. Yds. qr.nls. 50. Yds. nls. 31. Miles. fur. yds. ft. in. 32. Miles fur. pol. yd.ft. 171 1 2 87 2 158 1 11 43 15 45 5 37 31 1. A clerk, having been sent out for payment of some bills, recei ved from Mr. A. £23: 12: 6, from Mr. B. £31 : 17: 10, from Mr. C. £19: 18:8, from Mr. D. £46: 10:3, from. Mr. E. £17: 13:9, and from Mr. F. 15 guineas; how much did he receive in all? 2. The rent of my house is 45 guineas, the duty on windows is £5:4: 6, and on the rent £6: 13:10, the police assess ment £27: 3, and the charge for water a guinea; what is the amount of the whole? 3. I owe to A. £49: 12: 6, to B. £57: 17:9, to C. £82: 6: 8, to D. £40: 10, to E. £8: 9:7, and to F. £6: 15; 3; how much do I owe in all ? 4. A gentleman's estate consists of the following farms, viz. Mains, which contains 167 ac. 2 r. 17 po. rent £460: 18:6; Bridgend, 120 ac. 3 r. 33 po. rent £362:14:6; Hillside, 96 ac. 1 r. 26 po. rent £303: 15; Miltown, 67 ac 2 r. 19 po. rent £135: 4:9; and Westertown, 53 ac. 3 r. 13 po. rent £110: 10: required the extent and rent of the whole estate? COMPOUND SUBTRACTION. RULE. Write the less quantity regularly under the greater, placing numbers of the same name under each other, and units under units, tens under tens, and so on. Then, beginning at the right hand, subtract the several numbers in the lower line successively from the numbers directly above them, and write the remainders under the numbers from which they arise. But, if any number in the lower line exceed that above it, subtract the under number from the number of that name which make 1 of the next higher name, then add the upper number to the remainder, write the sum below, and carry 1 to the next under number before you subtract it. The last or highest denomination is subtracted as abstract numbers. EXAMPLE. From £7 5 7 Illustration. Take 8d. from 7d. I cannot; I therefore take 8d. from 12d. and 4d. remain, 4d. and 7d. are 11d. I carry 1 to 18/ is 19/, take 19/ from 5/ I cannot; I therefore take 19/ from 20/ and I/ remains, 1/ and 5/ are 6. I carry 1 to £3 is £4, I take £4 from £7 and £3 remain. Remarks. In subtracting minutes, seconds, poles, falls, and similar denominations; first subtract the units, carrying at 10, and put down the difference; then subtract the tens, carrying at 6 in minutes or seconds, at 4 in poles, and so on. Shillings also may be subtracted in the same way, by carrying at 2 when subtracting the tens. |