MULTIPLICATION

S a fhort way of performing feveral Additions. No e. Saint Andrew's Crofs x denotes Multiplication, as 4 x 2 = 8, i. e. 4 multiplied by 2 are equal to 2.

RULE.

PLACE the leaft number under the greatest as before directed, then begin with the first figure of the lower number, which is called the multiplier, and multiply it into the firft figure of the upper number, which is called the multiplicand; fet down the product if lefs than ten; but if more than ten, or tens, fet down the overplus, and add the tens to the product of the next figure in the multiplicand, and fo on till all the figures in the multiplicand are multiplied. Proceed in the fame manner with each figure. in the multiplier, fetting down the first figure of each product exactly under its multiplying figure, then add all the products together.

To prove Multiplication, change the multiplicand and multiplier one for the other, and if the product proves the fame, it is right.

TABLE.

Read thus, twice 1 are 2, twice 2 are 4, &c.

(6) 97304808 x 3893 =

=

(7) 30048187 x 974500 = 29281958231500 (8) 10487483 × 109870 1152259757210 (9) 97487300 x 98353 9588655853400 (10) 10089649 × 584890 = 5901334803610 (11) 97008583 × 78398 7605278890034 (42) 83485789 × 931876 = 7804886047716+

DIVISION

S a fhort way of performing feveral Subtractions, and fhews how often one number is contained

in another, and what remains.

Note I. a line between two or four points, is the fign of Divifion, as 42, or 42 = 2, i. e. 4 divided by 2 are equal to 2.

II. The reverfed parenthesis alfo denotes Division, 2) 4 (2.

III. Numbers thus 432 denote Divifion, the lower number being the divifor, and the upper number the dividend.

SHORT

DIVISION.

RULE.

PLACE the divifor, or lefs number to the left of the dividend, or greater number; confider what number, multiplying the divifor, will produce a product equal to the first, or first and fecond numbers, or a product next lefs than them, which will be the quotient figure fought; add the overplus to the next figure, and fo proceed to the end of the line.

To prove Divifion, multiply the quotient by the divifor, to the product add the remainder, and if it proves the fame as the dividend, it is right.

Dividend.

(6.) 104348986 ÷ 700 = 149969
(7.) 93846894 ÷ 8 = 11730861

6

86

38772999 4164081

3

(8.) 34895678 ÷ 90 =
(9.) 45804894 ÷ 11 =
(10.) 58948970 ÷ 120 =
(11.) 70089487 16 43805926
÷ =

491241

I I
50
I 20
15

193

(12.) 94265389 ÷ 160 =

589158 160

LONG DIVISION.

RULE.

PLACE the divifor to the left of the dividend as

before. Seek how often the first figure of the divifor is contained in the firft, or firft and fecond figures of the dividend, then multiply the divifor by that figure. If the product fhould be greater than an equal number of figures in the dividend, take one figure lefs for a quotient figure, and place it to the