LESSON 260. COMMON ABBREVIATIONS. A.B. Bachelor of Fahr. Fahrenheit. acct. account. [Arts. Fla. Florida. ad lib. at pleasure. adv. adverb. adj. adjective. æt. aged. agt. agent. Ala. Alabama. Alex. Alexander. amt. amount. anon. anonymous. Ark. Arkansas. av. avenue. bal. balance. Bart. Baronet. Ga. Georgia. M. P. Member of Parliament. H. B. M. His or Her MSS. Manuscripts. Britannic Majesty. id. the same. Ill. Illinois. incog. unknown. Ky. Kentucky. MS. Manuscript. L. I. Long Island. C.E. Civil Engineer. L. S. Place of the pro tem. for the time. Dan. Daniel. [icut. Mass. Massachusetts. S. C. South Caro D. C. District of Co-M. C. Member of lina. Thos. Thomas. Va. Virginia. Mlle. Mademoiselle. Mme. Madame. vs. or v. against. Vt. Vermont. Wm. William. FIVE RULES FOR SPELLING. [There is a great variety of rules for spelling, but most of them have so many exceptions as to be a hindrance rather than a help. The following rules have few or no exceptions, and may therefore aid the learner.] Rule I. Verbs of one syllable, ending with a single consonant, preceded by a single vowel, and verbs of two or more syllables, ending in the same manner, and having the accent on the last syllable, double the final consonant whenever another syllable is added; as, get, get'ting; o mit', o mit'ted. Rule II. The plural of nouns ending in y, when y is preceded by a consonant, is formed by changing y into i and adding es; as, lil'y, lil'ies. When y final is preceded by a vowel the plural is formed by adding s; as, val'ley, val'leys. Rule III. Nouns ending in o preceded by another vowel form their plurals regularly by adding s to the singular; as, cam'e o, cam'e os. Rule IV. Words formed by prefixing one or more syllables to words ending in a double consonant retain both consonants; as, be fall', re buff'. The exceptions are, with al', an nul', dis til', in stil', ful fil', un til'. Rule V. The word full, used as an affix, always drops one 7; and its compounds, thus formed, make their plurals regularly by adding s to the singular; as, hand'ful, hand'fuls; spoon'ful, spoonfuls. SUPPLEMENT. ETYMOLOGY. Preliminary Definitions. All words are either Primitive or Derivative. A Primitive word is not derived from a simpler word in the language. A Derivative word is formed from a simpler word by prefixing or affixing a syllable. A Prefix is a syllable placed before or at the beginning of.a word to change its meaning. A Suffix is a syllable added to, or placed after a word, to change its meaning. Copyright, 1887, by Harper & Brothers. Latin Prefixes. ab=a, denoting from, of, ig abs ab ас af ag al an ap ar as at =ad, denoting to, by, near, oc am} denoting round or about. ante, denoting before. bi denoting twice. bis circum, denoting round or about. cis, denoting on this side. of ор = ob, denoting against, before, in the way. per, denoting through, thoroughly. post, denoting after. pre, denoting before, beforehand. preter, denoting beyond, past, by. pro, denoting for, instead of, out, forward. re denoting back, again, red against. contra denoting against, con- retro, denoting backward. counter trary to. se, denoting aside, apart. extra, denoting beyond, beyond trans the limits of. upon. over, denoting across, beyond, through. ultra, denoting beyond. |