given elsewhere and that the better work of the institute is in methods that to inspire is better than attempting to prepare for examinations. In a few counties the work done is almost chiefly inspirational and professional in character.

The decreased normal institute attendance is in part attributed to the increased attendance at the various summer schools held at the different higher institutions of learning within and without the state. A quite carefully prepared table shows that not less than 3,500 Iowa teachers attended summer schools of a high order during the past year. This number, added to the enrollment in institutes, gives a total enrollment in excess of other years.

For 1903 normal institutes were held in Iowa as follows:

Buchanan

Buchanan.

Boone..

7 Aug. 24

2

R. V. Veneman.

Waverly..

Independence.

Independence

5 July 6

2

P. M. Smock.

114 Mar. 30 1

7

July 26 I

Buena Vista..

Storm Lake..

6

Aug. 3 2

6

Aug. 10 1

Rockwell City..

4

Aug. 17 1

Carroll

5 June 22 2

Atlantic..

Tipton

1

2

Cedar....

Cerro Gordo..
Cherokee

Chickasaw

4 June 15 2

5 Mar. 30
7 July 27

Mason City
Cherokee..
New Hampton.. 6
Osceola

Clarke..

Clay....

Spencer

Clayton..

Elkader

5 June 22 2
July 27

3 Aug. 22
6 Aug. 3
5 Aug. 10 2
6 Aug. 24 1
7 Aug. 10 2
5 Aug. 10
4 Aug. 17

1

2

Aug. 17 2 June 15 2 6 June 22 2

7

4 Aug. 3

9 July 13
4 Aug. 10
6 Aug. 3

4

2

2

7 June 15 2
4 July 13 2

M. J. Goodrich.

M. J. Goodrich.
J E. Durkee.
Ida. F. Lev dig.
W. R. Sandy.
J. M. Ralph

J. J. McConnell.
Aurora Goodale.
P. O. Cole.
A. V. Storm.

T. J. Wormley.
A. M. M. Dornon.
H. F. Fillmore.
C. J. Adam.
Geo E. Farrell.
C. W. Von Coelln.
R. F. Wood.

W. S. Athearn.

J. A. McIntosh.

H. J. Schwietert.
Howard A Mathews.
W. T. Davidson.

P. J. Schroeder.

W. A. Willis.

H L. Adams.
Frederick Schaub.

Harry J. Henderson.

TEACHERS

Angus Macdonald.

GRADUATES, NON-GRADUAUES, NO EXPERIENCE.

For the year 1901-1902, 19,400 different teachers were licensed by county superintendents of whom 2,444 were males and 16,956 were females. Adding to this 3,308, the number to whom first-class two-year certificates were issued the preceding year, the total number of certificates in force in September, 1902 is found to be 22,708. The number in force in September, 1903 is 21,994. Of the total number of teachers certificated about six thousand are graduates of universities, colleges, normal schools, seminaries, academies and high schools accredited by the standard colleges. Between six and seven thousand of the total number have for a limited time attended schools above enumerated without graduating, and the remainder have received instruction in country schools and town and village schools below those accredited.

Of the total number granted certificates to teach in 1901-1902, 549 males and 2,644 females received certificates of the first class, or for two years; 1,452 males and 11,841 females, certificates of the second class; 674 males and 6,048 females, certificates of the third class; 106 males and 526 females, certificates to teach special branches, and 115 females, certificates to instruct in kindergartens. Of those licensed to teach 3,705 had no experience in teaching and 4,143 had less than one year of experience. The reports for several years past show that the number of persons annually certificated with no experience varies from three thousand five hundred to four thousand. Since the number of teachers has not increased it is evident that a corresponding number have abandoned the work each year. To provide for the suitable education of so large a number to take the places of those who retire is a duty not at present performed by the state.

The table given below shows the number of persons certificated in the year 1901-1902 possessed of one year or less of experience;