It would require a volume to give a description of all that is to be seen in this consecrated spot, the following, however, is a selection:

Henry VII's magnificent chapel, which adjoins the east end of the abbey church, and communicates with the body by a flight of steps, was erected by Henry (at an expense of £14,000, equal to £200,000 in our time,) as a place of sepulture for himself and family; and till the reign of Charles I, no persons but the blood-royal were allowed to be interred there.

In the middle of the chapel, within a screen, near the east end, is the magnificent tomb of Henry and his Queen, by Torrigiano, which was executed by special contract for £1,500. The figures of the deceased lie upon the tomb with their hands raised as in prayer; these statues are of cast copper, and were once resplendent with gilding, but are now much discolored. The pedestal is principally of black marble. On the angles of the tomb are small angels seated, and at the ends are the royal arms and quarterings.

The east end of the side aisles is formed into beautiful little chapels, before which were formerly elegant screens. Among the many monuments here we will only mention the following:

One to the memory of Mary, Queen of Scots; to the Countess of Richmond, mother of Henry VII; to John Sheffield, and George Villiers, Dukes of Buckingham; noble monument to the memory of Queen Elizabeth, erected by James I; and a monument to the memory of General Monk, Duke of Albemarle, by Scheemaker.

Henry V's Chapel contains the magnificent tomb of that glorious and warlike prince. On the tomb are his effigies, formerly covered with silver, which caused the head to be stolen during the disorders of the Reformation. Models of the abbey and of several churches in London, are likewise deposited in this chapel.

A large table-monument to Thomas Cecil, Earl of Exeter (d. 1622.) He is represented in his robes, having his first wife on his right side, and on his left a vacant place for his second wife; which she expressly forbid by her will, her pride not suffering her to take a place on his left side.

A lofty and magnificent monument, by Bacon, to Lord Chatham (d. 1778.) A rich pediment supports Britannia; on her right hand is Ocean, on her left Earth, whose countenances are expressive of sorrow at the loss of this great statesman. Above these are the figures of Prudence and Fortitude. At the top is a full-length figure of his lordship, in parliamentary robes.

In the area, behind the choir on the right, is a monument, by Moore, to Lord Ligonier, (d. 1770.) The principal figure is History, resting on a sepulchral urn, who points to a scroll whereupon are recorded the ten chief battles in which he distinguished himself. On the base of the urn is his lordship's portrait in profile. Behind History is a pyramid, and on the top of it his lordship's crest. Above are the medallions of Queen Anne, George I, II, and III, under whom he served seventy years; as also a medallion of Britannia.

Opposite is a monument by Wilton, erected by Parliament to Major-general Wolfe, a brave officer, who, after surmounting innumerable obstacles in the conquest of Quebec, received a ball in his breast, and expired in the moment of victory (1759.) Monument to David Garrick, the eminent actor (d. 1769.) Tragedy and Comedy, with their relative attributes, are acknowledging the actor's superior power of calling forth and supporting the characters of the great Shakspeare, which is expressed by Garrick's removing the curtain which concealed the bard and showing his medallion. South Aisle.-A small monument in white marble, to Dr. Isaac Watts, the eminent divine. His bust supported by Genii, whose countenances express a pleasing satis

faction.

Monument to Major John Andre; executed in America as a spy, during the unhappy troubles in that country in 1780. It is composed of a sarcophagus, elevated on a pedestal. On the front, General Washington is represented in his tent at the time he received the report of the court-martial which tried Major Andre. A flag of truce from the British army is likewise seen, with a letter to the General to treat for the Major's life, which was unsuccessful. He is here represented as going with great fortitude to meet his doom.

Monument to the memory of William Hargrave, Esq., governor of Gibraltar, (d. 1768,) by Roubiliac. The resurrection is represented by a body rising from a sarcophagus. A contest between Time and Death; Time proves victorious, and by breaking his antagonist's dart, divests him of his power, and tumbles him down; the King of Terrors drops his crown from his head. In the clouds is a cherub sounding the last trumpet.

A magnificent monument to Admiral Tyrrell, (d. 1766,) by Read. The device is from the burial service: When the sea shall give up her dead." An angel descending is sounding the last trumpet, while the Admiral is rising from the sea behind a large rock, on which are placed his arms, with emblems of Valor, Prudence, and Justice. The background represents darkness. The separation of the cloud discovers the celestial light, and a choir of cherubims singing praises to the Almighty; over the rock, at a vast distance, the sea and clouds seem to join. Hope is on the top of the rock, extending her hand to receive the admiral. Hibernia leans on a globe lamneting his loss.

The monument to the great William Pitt, (d. 1806,) by Westmacott, is over the great west door. He is represented in his robes, as Chancellor of the Exchequer. On the right, History is recording the acts of his administration-while Anarchy, on his left, lies subdued and chained at his feet. This monument was erected by the nation, and cost £6,300.

At the entrance to the choir is a fine monument to Sir Isaac Newton, (d. 1726,) by Rysbrach. The philosopher is represented in a recumbent posture, resting his right arm on four folios, "Divinity, Chronology, Optics, and Phil. Prin. Matth.," and pointing to a scroll supported by a winged cherubim. Above is a globe projecting from a pyramid behind, whereon is delineated the course of the comet in 1680, with the signs, constellations, and planets. On this globe sits a figure of Astronomy, with her book closed, in a very composed and pensive mood. Beneath is a very curious basrelief, representing the labors in which Sir Isaac chiefly employed his time-as discovering the cause of gravitation, settling the principle of light and colors, and reducing the coinage to a determined standard. The device of weighing the sun by a steelyard is bold and striking; and the whole monument has been much praised.

There is an expressive monument" ordered by the Province of Massachusetts Bay," in memory of Lord Howe, who was killed at Ticonderoga. In the pavement, two pieces of bluish marble, a foot square, denote the resting-place of Dr. Samuel Johnson, and Thomas Campbell,

author of the "Pleasures of Hope." Garrick, Sheridan, and others, are also buried in front of Shakespeare's monument. One of the most striking emblems depicted, is on a monument of J. G. Nightingale and his wife: Death is represented as slyly stealing from the tomb, aiming his unerring dart at the dying wife clasped to the bosom of her husband, who is struck with horror and despair at his approach.

The Abbey is said to contain nearly five hundred monuments of illustrious persons, such as Sir Isaac Newton, Lord Chatham, Wilberforce, Major Andre, Canning, Dr. Watts, &c., &c. Some of the tombs of the monarchs in the Abbey are about six hundred years old. A modern one, however, among them, is that erected by Louis Phillippe, king of France, in memory of his brother. The Poet's Corner, is perhaps the most interesting spot within this venerable building. The walls here are so crowded, that it is somewhat difficult to assign places for the more modern poets. Shakspeare's monument, which has been so much admired, is represented in the annexed enThe poet who "wrote not so much for an age, but for all time," is represented by a standing figure, leaning gracefully on

A graving.

Shakspeare's Monument, Westminster Abbey.

a pile of books reared on a pedestal, in front of which, is a pendant scroll inscribed with that well-known and sublime passage from the Tempest:

At the angles of the pedestal are heads in alto-relievo, of Queen Elizabeth, Henry V, and Richard III, and on the left side are grouped a dagger, mask, and chaplet. The poet is arrayed in the dress of his times, and on a small marble tablet, over his head, is his name, &c., in metal figures.

The NEW ROYAL EXCHANGE was opened in great state by Queen Victoria, October 28, 1844. It is built entirely of stone; the extreme length, east and west, being three hundred and eight feet. At the west end is a portico of eight Corinthian columns; this is the principal entrance. On the frieze of the portico is a Latin inscription recording the foundation of the original building in the thirteenth year of Queen Elizabeth, and its restoration in the seventh of her present majesty Victoria. The tympanum of the pediment is adorned with sculpture by Westmacott, consisting of allegorical representations of trade, commerce, &c., and in this center of the commerce and wealth of the world is seen the very appropriate Scriptural inscription, "The earth is the Lord's and the fullness thereof." In the open space before the west, stands a bronze equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington by Chantrey, the metal of which is that of some of the guns taken by the Duke in his numerous engagements.

The Royal Exchange, in Cornhill, has no longer the prominence as a place for the meeting of merchants it once had. By the various establishments which have branched from it, and alterations in the mode of doing business, the presence of the commercial man on 'Change is not

so imperative. The Stock Exchange, Lloyd's, and the Corn Exchange, share the supremacy. The chief business is now the negotiation of foreign bills of exchange on Tuesdays and Fridays. The Royal Exchange is still, as when founded by Gresham, an open area with arcades around it, in which the merchants meet. Each has his standing where he is to be found, or where he makes his appointments, and the Rothschilds take their place near a pillar as their father did. The chief time of business is after three o'clock.

The CORN EXCHANGE, in Mark Lane, is now the greatest corn market in the world. The market was formerly held on Cornhill, and afterwards at Bear Quay. The first Corn Exchange was built in 1747. The agents for sales are the corn-factors, each of whom has a stand or desk, in which are samples of corn. There is no qualification for a corn-factor. Besides the corn-factors, there are farmers, millers, bakers, merchants, and many speculators. The latter make this an arena for gambling as they do the markets for produce and stocks. The market days are Monday, Wednesday, and Friday; but Monday is the great day, the hours from ten till three. When there were variable and fixed duties on corn, the dealers carried on various operations for running up the the prices, as the "average" price of the market either regulated the duty, or determined, if above a certain rate, that corn should come in free. Till lately there used to be speculations on the variations of price in local markets, but the electric telegraph now makes the morning prices known over the country before nightfall. The Mark Lane Express, appearing on Monday evening, is the chief organ for the publication of the accounts of the crops and markets at home and abroad. Seeds are sold in the market, and in the neighborhood are many agents for the supply of millwork and agricultural implements.

The COAL EXCHANGE, in Thames street, is one of the peculiar institutions of London. Hitherto coal has been brought by sea, chiefly from the Northumbrian shores, the railways not having yet organized the means of transit. The consumption approaches three millions of tons yearly, and gives rise to vast transactions. Notwithstanding all the care of the corporation to prevent it, attempts are made to keep back from market, and otherwise interfere with the price of coals, which has often been kept up by the coal owners at an extravagant rate.

The STOCK EXCHANGE has entrances from Bartholomew-lane, Threadneedle-street, and Throgmorton-street. The business of dealing in securi. ties was separated from banking towards the end of the seventeenth century, and the market was held in the Royal Exchange, in Sweetings Alley, (hence "jobbing in the Alley,") at Jonathan's Coffee House, and in the Rotunda of the Bank. In 1801, a separate building was erected by subscription on the spot already named. The transactions are chiefly carried on in three branches called houses, the English, (for stocks and exchequer bills,) the foreign, (for stocks,) and the railway, or share mark