Note. The solid contents of similar figures are in proportion to each other as the cubes of their similar sides or diameters.

6. If a ball 4 inches in diameter weigh 12 pounds, what will another ball of the same metal weigh, whose diameter is 7 inches?

4X4X4= 64 7x7x7=343 S

Then,

lbs.

in. lbs. in.
64: 12 :: 343 : Ans. 64.

7. If a globe of silver 3 inches in diameter be worth 150 dollars what is the value of a globe 8 inches in diameter ? Ans. $2844,44+ 3. How many globes 1 foot in diameter would it take to nake a globe 2 feet in diameter ? 9. The diameter of a ball weighing 4 pounds, is three inches; what is the diameter of another ball 8 times as large?

Ans. 8.

3x3x3=27, and 27 × 8=3/216=6 inches, Ans. 10. If the side of a cube of silver worth 20 dollars, be 2 inches, what is the side of another cube of silver, whose value shall be 64 times as much? Ans. 8 inches.

11. If the diameter of the earth is 8000 miles, and the sun is one million times as large as the earth, what is the diameter of the sun? Ans. Eight hundred thousand miles. PROB. 1.-The product of two or more parts of any number given, to find that number.

RULE.

Divide the given product by the product of the given parts, and the quotient will be that power of the required number which is equal to the number of parts.

Ex. 1. If and of a certain number be multiplied together the product will be 54; what is that number?

Thus, x, then 54÷=144, which is the 2d power of the required number, because the number of parts multiplied were 2; then /144-12, Ans.

Ex. 2. If, and of a certain number be multiplied together the product will be 12000: what is that number? Thus, XX=0; then 12000÷27000, which is the 3d power of the required number; and 27000= 30, the Answer.

PROB. 2. The product of any two or more numbers, and the proportion between them given, to find those numbers.

RULE.

Divide the given product by the product of the given terms of the proportion, and the quotient will be a power equal to the number of terms multiplied for a divisor; and the root of that power, multiplied severally by the given terms of the proportion, will produce the required numbers.

Ex. 1. The product of two numbers is 2240, and they are in proportion to each other as 5 to 7; what are those numbers? 5×7=35)2240(64, and √/64=8; Then 8×5, (one of the terms of the proportion,) gives

40

Ans.

56

And 8 x 7, (the other term of the proportion,)

·

gives Ex. 2. The product of three numbers is 1296, and they are in proportion to each other as 1, 2 and 3; what are those numbers?

Thus, 1×2×3=6)1296(216,

1 6 2-12

Ans

then 3/216=6

A GENERAL RULE FOR EXTRACTING ROOTS OF ALL

POWERS.

RULE.

1. Prepare the given number for extraction, by pointing it off from the units' place, as the required root directs.

2. Find the first figure of the root by trial, and subtract its power from the left hand period.

3. Bring down the first figure in the next period to the remainder and call this the dividend.

4. Involve the root to the next inferior power to that which is given, and multiply it by the number denoting the given power for a divisor.

5. Find how many times the divisor may be had in the dividend, and the quotient will be another figure of the root. 6. Involve the whole root to the given power, and subtract that power from as many periods of the given number, as you have found figures in the root.

7. Bring down the first figure of the next period to the remainder for a new dividend.

8. Involve the whole root to the next inferior power to that which is given, and multiply it by the number denoting the given power for a divisor, as before; and proceed in this manner till the whole is finished.

Note. When the number to be subtracted is greater than the periods from which it is to be subtracted, the last quotient figure must be taken less, &c.

EXAMPLES.

1. What is the cube root of 94818,816.

94818,816(45,6 root.

64

4x4x3=48)308 dividend.

45X45X45 91125 subtrahend. 45x45x3=6075)3693,8 dividend.

456 × 456 x 456-94818,816 subtrahend.

00000,000

2. What is the sursolid, or 5th root of 17210368?

17210368(28 root.

32

2×2×2×2=16x4-64)1401 dividend,

28 x 28 x 28 x 28 x 28=17210368 subtrahend.

00000000

Note. The roots of most powers may be found by the square and cube roots only, by the following

RULE.

1. For the biquadrate, or 4th root, extract the square root of the square root.

2. For the 6th root, extract the cube root of the square root.

3. For the 8th root, extract the square root, which reduces it to the 4th power; then extract the root of that power as above.

4. For the 9th root, extract the cube root of the cube root. 5. For the 12th root, extract the square root, which will reduce it to the 6th power; then find the root of the 6th power as above.

EXAMPLES.

1. What is the biquadrate, or 4th root of 20736 Thus, the square root of 20736 is 144;

then, the square root of 144 is 12, the Ans.

2. What is the square cubed, or the sixth root of 481890304?

Thus, 481890304 21952; and 21952-28, Ans. 3. Extract the square biquadrate, or eighth root of 1001129150390625.

Alligation is the method of mixing several simples of dif ferent qualities, so that the composition may be a mean, or middle quality. It consists of two kinds, Alligation Medial and Alligation Alternate.

ALLIGATION MEDIAL,

Is when the quantities and prices of several things are given, to find the mean price of the mixture composed of those materials.

RULE.

As the sum of the quantities, or whole composition, is to the whole value, so is any part of the composition to its mean price, or value.

EXAMPLES.

1. A farmer mixed together 4 bushels, of rye, worth 90 cents per bushel, 6 bushels of corn, worth 50 cents per bushel, and 8 bushels of oats, worth 30 cents per bushel; what is a bushel of this mixture worth?

As 18: 900: 1: 50 cents, price of 1 bushel.

2. A grocer mixed 5cwt. of sugar, worth $10 per cwt., 8cwt. worth $12 per cwt., with 3cwt, worth $9 per cwt.; what will be the cost of 4cwt. of this mixture?

Ans. $43,25,

3. A vintner mixed together 16 gallons of wine at $1,12c. per gallon, 12 gallons at $,90 per gallon, and 20 gallons at $,95 per gallon; what is the price of a gallon of the mixture? Ans. $,99, 4m.+

4. A goldsmith melted together 5 ounces of gold 21 carats fine, and 3 ounces 19 carats fine; what is the fineness of the mixture, that is, of one ounce of this mixture?

Ans. 20 carats fine. 5. A Grocer mixed 20 gallons of water with 85 gallons of rum, worth 76 cents per gallon, what is a gallon of the mixture worth? Ans. 61cts. 5m.+

6. A Refiner melted together 12lb. of silver bullion of 6oz. fine, 8lb. of 7oz. fine, and 10lb of 8oz. fine, I demand the fineness of the mixture. Ans. 6oz. 18pwt. 16gr.

7. Suppose that 3lbs. of gold of 22 carats fine, 5lbs. of 20 carats fine, and 1lb. alloy be melted together, what will be the fineness of the compound? Ans. 18 carats fine.

ALLIGATION ALTERNATE,

Is when the prices of the several simples and the mean price or rate are given, to find what proportion of each must be taken to compose a mixture of the given rate. It is therefore the reverse of Alligation medial, and may be proved by it.