4. The next seven numbers, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, are the teens: thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen.

5. Two tens are called twenty; three tens, thirty; four, forty; five, fifty; six, sixty; seven, seventy; eight, eighty; nine, ninety.

etc.

Thus, 57 is fifty-seven; 63, sixty-three; 89, eighty-nine;

6. Read the numbers:

14, 13, 11, 12, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 10, 20, 22, 21, 27, 26, 25, 28, 23, 24;

30, 32, 31, 36, 38, 34, 35, 37, 33, 29, 44, 55, 66, 77, 43, 52, 61, 42, 41, 45, 49, 57, 47, 60, 56;

67, 76, 53, 39, 58, 75, 77, 83, 87, 92, 91, 96, 87, 99, 98, 85, 74, 84, 48, 46, 44, 64, 65, 63.

7. Ten tens are one hundred; and hundreds are written in the third place toward the left; thus:

100, one hundred; 700, seven hundred; 823, eight hundred twenty-three; 941, nine hundred forty-one; 607, six hundred seven.

8. Read the numbers:

121, 222, 78, 780, 778, 708, 827, 741, 531, 712, 231, 365, 474, 439, 143;

534, 587, 932, 239, 392, 617, 761, 176, 873, 246, 789, 879, 987, 978, 934, 543, 897;

707, 680, 704, 518, 405, 903, 319, 309, 104, 870, 801, 807, 708, 610, 909, 120, 201.

9. Write in figures:

Seventeen, seventy, nineteen, ninety-three, sixteen, sixtyseven, fourteen, forty-five, fifty-nine;

One hundred three, seven hundred nineteen, three hundred three, six hundred eight, six hundred eighteen, six hundred eighty;

Nine hundred ten, five hundred six, eight hundred eightyeight, four hundred twenty-seven, seven hundred sixtyfive, two hundred eleven.

10. Ten hundred make one thousand, and thousands are written in the fourth place to the left.

Tens of thousands are written in the fifth place, hundreds of thousands in the sixth place.

A comma is usually placed among the figures at the point where, in reading, the word thousand comes.

Thus, 621,453 is 621 thousand, 453; and 700,006 is 7 hundred thousand, six.

11. Read the numbers:

1000; 7000; 7842; 1067; 5043; 8375; 18,757; 75,764; 234,567; 34,561; 123,456;

654,089; 600,897; 607,804; 2753; 704,608; 900,008; 806,042; 709,053; 350,709; 240,682; 118; 537; 3094; 5000; 50,000; 500,005; 682,000; 246,001; 753,110; 703,101; 930; 2020; 200,200; 708,056; 70,856; 870,890.

12. Write in figures:

Eight hundred thousand eight hundred eight; six hundred thousand six; seven hundred thirteen thousand three hundred nine.

Five hundred seventeen thousand six hundred thirteen; seven thousand eight hundred fifty-four; seven hundred eighteen thousand eight hundred eighty-nine.

13. A thousand thousands make a million; and millions up to 999 millions are written in the seventh, eighth, and ninth places.

Thus, 728,651,423 is 728 million, 651 thousand, 423.

14. Read the numbers:

21,978,564; 17,756,423; 300,200,100; 707,303,202;

312,406,780; 908,765,487; 2,632,561.

15. Digits are thus divided by commas into periods of three places each. Each period contains its own units' place, tens' place, and hundreds' place; but the unit in the first period, on the right, is one; in the second period, a thousand; in the third period, a million; and so on.

The first period is called the units' period; the second is the thousands' period; the third is the millions' period. A fourth period is the billions' period; a billion being a thousand millions; and the fifth period the trillions' period. The next periods, taken in order, are quadrillions, quintillions, sextillions, septillions, octillions, and so on.

16. We may read the number 1736 either as 1 thousand 736, or as 17 hundred 36. In like manner, we may read a larger number in a still greater variety of ways; thus, 2,736,000,000, may be read, 2 billions, 736 millions; or, 2 thousand 736 millions; or, 27 hundred 36 millions. To put this into the form of a rule:

When numbers are expressed in words, the name of a smaller number following a larger signifies that the two

numbers are to be added; but the name of a smaller number coming before a larger, or before an equal number, signifies that the second is to be multiplied by the first.

17. Read the numbers:

764,123,897; 40080; 795,013; 103,547,020; 71,003,054; 3,125,476,890; 79,501,346,081; 3,001,574.

18. Write in order the numbers from 1 to 25; from 95 to 115; from 195 to 215; from 985 to 1011; from 9995 to 11111; from 99999 to 100,011.

19. Write in figures, then read from the figures:

One hundred ten; one hundred one; two hundred seven; three hundred seventy; six hundred forty-one; seven hundred thirty-two; eight hundred eight; eight hundred eighty; nine hundred sixty-four; nine hundred ninety-three; one hundred seven; one thousand seven; one thousand ten.

Six million one thousand one; three million five; five million six; four million three hundred thousand three hundred three; seven million six hundred thousand eight hundred twenty-nine; eighty-one thousand ninetyfive; seventeen hundred thousand millions; twenty-one thousand thousands; eighty-three million millions. One hundred ten million two hundred seventy-nine; nineteen trillion four million three hundred three; one quadrillion one hundred twelve trillion three hundred thirtyfour million two hundred eleven; ten quintillion two trillion three hundred billion five thousand seven.

CHAPTER II.

DECIMAL FRACTIONS.

20. THOSE things of which we do not naturally ask, How many? but, How much? we endeavor to measure; and we answer the question, How much? by answering, How many measures?

21. The measure of any kind of quantity is readily conceived as divided into ten smaller measures. A dollar, for example, as a measure of value, is divided into ten dimes; each dime into ten cents; each cent into ten mills.

22. Dollars are signified by the mark $ written at the Left of the figures.

When part of a dollar is to be written, a full point is written after the dollars, the dimes are written to the right, then the cents and mills.

For example: $17 is seventeen dollars; $18.20 is eighteen dollars, two dimes, or eighteen dollars, twenty cents; $35.875 is 35 dollars, 87 cents, 5 mills; $0.08 is 8 cents.

23. Read as dollars, cents, and mills: $76.375; $163.58; $241.185; $357.34; $12.50; $0.875; $0.125; $1.01; $10.10.

24. A dime is the tenth of a dollar, a cent the hundredth of a dollar, a mill the thousandth of a dollar.