Εικόνες σελίδας
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Ηλεκτρ. έκδοση
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25th.

12th.

Paid duties and fees on Sugar per the Ballarat £107 8 7 Accepted a Bill drawn by Schofield, Halse and Co., of Jamaica, dated 30th July, 1854, No. 151, payable to W. Bright, London, at 90 days' sight

27th.

Received for Exchequer Bills transferred

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14th.

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£175 10 0

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Accepted a Bill drawn by Fox, Tennant and Co.,
dated Liverpool, 7th Oct., 1854, No. 152, pay-
able to J. Halifax, London, at 15 days' date

18th.

£12 11 1

£100 00 150 0

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£73 15 0

Accepted a Bill drawn by R. Heathfield, on ac-
count of T. Ellis and Sons, dated Liverpool,
15th Oct., 1854, No. 153, payable to S. Cattley,
London, at one month

20th.

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£132 10 0

Sold per William Knight and Co., at public sale,
14 tierces of Coffee, per Wellington,

Net cwt. 76: 0: 22, at 121s. 6d.
Discount 1 per cent.

617, 618,

Paid W. Silver and Co. their Bill of Parcels
Received discount on do.

4th.

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Net cwt. 32 1: 19, at 120s. per cwt.

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1 tierce, net cwt. 4:1:17, at 117s. per cwt.

Discount 1 per cent.

£194 9 4 25 15 0 £220 4 4 0

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Paid Bill No. 152, J. Halifax

£73 15 0

23rd.

Received of John Roberts, of Jamaica, the following Remittances in Bills,

No. 619, dated Aug. 20th, on R. Payne, at 3 mos. £200 0

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Sept. 1st. S. Stone,

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Sold per William Knight and Co., at public sale,

7 hhds. of Sugar per the Ballarat, net 78 cwt., at 60s.

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Due to them for Brokerage at 1 per cent.

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Received of Schofield, Halse and Co., of Jamaica,

the following Remittances in Bills,

No. 625, dated Aug. 4th, on R. Kirkman, at
3 months

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No. 626, dated Aug. 4th, on T. Griffiths, at
3 months
No. 627, dated Aug. 4th, on N. White, at
3 months

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Paid for freight of Coffee per the Wellington

11th.

Received in Cash for Bill No. 561, on W. Benson £1000 0 0

Received of Richard Sykes, of Barbadoes, the
following Remittances in Bills,

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No. 628, dated Sept. 6th, on W. Currie, at
3 months
No. 629, dated Sept. 6th, on J. Overton, at
3 months

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εα), 28 ελελυκή. The εισαν of the third person plural is com £132 100 monly shortened into soav, thus XAUREσav instead of ελελυκεισαν.

The Lolic ειας, ειε(ν), ειαν, instead of αις, αι, αιεν of the £960 150 in the paradigm. optative first Aorist active, is more usual than the form given

In the second person singular indicative Present and Future, middle or passive, the Attics, in addition to the form in y, €73 15 0 have another form in et, as up and λυει; λυση and λύσει; λελυση and λελυσει; λυθηση and λυθήσει; τριβηση and Tpißnoe. This form in & is exclusively used in the three £260 0 0 following verbs, namely:

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In addition to the termination of the third plural imperative, £32 7 6 active and passive, in ετωσαν, ατωσαν, σθωσαν, there exists an abbreviated form in οντων, αντων, σθων, which is termed Attic, as being frequently used by writers in the Attic dialect. These abbreviated Attic imperatives correspond in all the £438 17 0 tenses, except the Perfect, with the genitive plural of the participle of each tense; and the middle form o0wv corresponds with the third person of the dual voice;

Took out of Cash for Petty Cash Account

31st.

Due to Schofield, Halse and Co. for Interest, less postages, etc.

31st.

£20 0 0

£18 10 0

Received in Cash for Interest on our deposits... £116 11 3

LESSONS IN GREEK.-No. XXVII.
By JOHN R. Beard, D.D.

THE PRESENT, IMPERFECT, FUTURE, AND FIRST AOrist
TENSES, ACTIVE VOICE.

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(Gen. of the part. TεTO100rwv) Aorist first βουλευσάτωσαν and βουλευσαντων Present middle βουλευεσθωσαν and βουλευεσθων Aorist σκέψασθωσαν and σκεψασθων.

When in the Future of the active and middle ow, roual, in roots of two or more syllables, a short vowel, ă, e, i, precedes the σ, the o in many verbs is dropped, and a new form is produced, ending in w, ouuat (mark the circumflex); thus eλaw (commonly ελαύνω), I drive, ελασω, ελαω, ελῶ ; and so in the other persons, ελᾷς, ελᾷ, ελῶμεν, ελᾶτε, ελῶσι. This abbreviated form bears the designation of the Attic Future, because employed by Attic writers. I give some other examples of

A FEW remarks on some of the forms of the verb, of which a Teλew (I end) full paradigin has been given, may be of service.

In the conjugation & the person-endings in the course of time underwent changes, as may be learnt from the older conjugation, namely, that in ; as well as from the dialects, or forms of the language in use among the Dorians, the Eolians, etc.-forms more ancient than the Attic, in which Xenophon wrote, whose Greek is considered the standard for ordinary prose. In the first person singular indicative and subjunctive of the active voice μ has been dropped, and 7 in the third person singular; thus the forms originally were λυομι or λυωμι instead of λυω, and λυετι instead of λυει. So has been dropped in the first singular indicative of the first Aorist, which was voav, instead of, as now, Avoa. In the second person of the imperative active O was dropped, so that we have λνε instead of λυεθι.

The second person singular active has the termination ofa in the following forms:-oto0a (in Latin, nosti), thou knowest, from the perfect oida, used with a present signification, as, I know; δεισθα and ᾔδησθα, the pluperfect to οιδα, used with an imperfect meaning, as, thou knewest; epnoea, thou saidst, imperfect from onut, I say; nota, thou wast, imperfect from εἰμί, Ι απ; πεισθα, thou uentest, imperfect from είμι, I go. The original form of the first person plural active indicative was μες instead of μev, resembling the Latin termination mus; thus the Dorians said TUTTOμEC, we strike, instead of TUTTOμEY; so in the Latin, percutimus; so also ypap-o-pes, we write, in

Latin, scrib-i-mus.

The original form of the third person plural of the principal tenses, active voice, ended in vr: the 7 passed into σ, and the was dropped, and so Bovλevovri became first Bovcovat, and then βουλευουσι, they advise.

In the first person singular of the pluperfect active the Attic writers, besides the form given in the paradigm, namely, XeAukey, had another form in n (contracted from the Ionic

Kouw (I carry)

The Attic Future.

τελε-σω, Attic τελῶ, εἴς, εἴ, οὔμεν, εἴτε οὔσι; τελε-σ-ομαι, τελοῦμαι, ᾖ, εἶται,

etc.

κομίσω, Attic κομιῶ, ιεῖς, ιεῖ, ιοῦμεν, ιεῖτε ιοῦσι; κομιοῦμαι, ιεῖ, ιεῖται, ιούμεθα, etc. Biẞaw (I step, stride) Biẞaow, ßißaw, ßißă, Bißwμev, etc.

These contracted Futures are found only in the indicative, the infinitive, and the participle; thus, TEA, TEXEIV, TeXV. The verbs which take this form are-1. law (ελavvw), TEλEW, and Kaλew (I call); 2. all verbs in w; 3. a few in alw; 4. of the verbs in ut, all that end in avvvui, together with appievvvi, I put on (clothes), auoi.

The Student should now have no difficulty in generally forming the parts of the verb required in the exercises that ensue. It may, however, be as well to enter a little into detail with the tenses.

The Present and Imperfect Tenses, Active Voice. you know, or may by consulting the paradigm learn, is the Suppose, then, that you have to construe Bovλevovo. This, termination over to the stem of the Present, Boulev, which third person plural, indicative Present, formed by adding the signifies they advise. Suppose, also, that you are requested to comes from βουλευω, I advise ; and consequently βουλευουσι put into Greek the English he has, and that you have given the first person singular indicative active. To get the stem of you for the purpose the verb exw, I have; exw, you know, is the Present you cut off the w, and to ex, thus obtained, you affix it, the personal-ending of the third person singular indicative active, and so you obtain Exe as the Greek for he has. ascertain what the form is. By the aid of your memory, or Again, suppose that you have the form &ẞovλevov, and wish to by reverting to the paradigm, you find that this form is made

up thus is the syllabic augment, Bovlev the root, eßovλev and my sisters took care of my education; the citizens nobly the tense-stem of the Imperfect, and or the person-ending of bear the chances that befal; the mother brings a rose to the the first person singular; consequently the form means I was father, that he may rejoice; the sister brought a rose to her advising, since Bovlevo signifies I advise. Well, then, if I bid brother, that he might rejoice; the daughter, the mother, and you put into Greek the Imperfect ye were advising, you take the father disagreed; do not (O that ye would not, μn with Bovlevo, and cutting off, the termination of the first person opt.) disagree, O parents; the boys were rejoicing; I rejoice; singular, you to the root, thus obtained, prefix the augment &, you rejoice; we rejoice; thou rejoicest; they rejoice; you and so form Bovλev, the stem of the Imperfect; to this stem were rejoicing; I was rejoicing; my sister was rejoicing. The you add, as the termination of the second person plural, the young man is ignorant of music; these girls are ignorant of letters &r, thus forming spouλEUETE, which means ye were music; I am ignorant of music; we, O boys, are ignorant of advising. In order, then, to form the Imperfect, take the Pre-music; those who are unskilled in letters, seeing see not; those sent as given in the Vocabulary, cut off the person-ending of women are unskilled in letters; I am not unskilled in letters; the present, prefix the augment and subjoin the person-ending | we are not unskilled in letters; two men are fleeing; he con(that one of the person-endings which you want) to the tense- ceals his thought in his heart; when the barbarians approached, stem. Take care in all cases to get your tense-stem before you | he fled; may the gods (opt.) turn the danger from us, attempt to add the person-endings, or the mood-vowel, or indeed to form any required part of the verb.

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The subjunctive of the first person plural holds the place of the imperative; thus, xaipoper, wailes, is to be rendered, let us rejice, O boys.

The Future Tense, the First Aorist-Active Voice. The stem of the Future is formed from the stem of the Present by the addition of a to the stem of the Present; e.g. Av-, Avo-: Avo- is the stem of the Future, subjoin the person-endings and you have the tense in full.

The first Aorist active stem is formed from the stem of the Future by prefixing to that stem the augment; by affixing the person-endings as given in the paradigm, you obtain the tense in full. I will form the Future and the first Aorist of ayopevw. αγορευ-, Fut. αγορευση, αγορεύσω, εις, ει, etc. αγορευση, Aorist first ηγορευσ-, ηγορευσα, ας, ε, etc. You will observe in this last instance that the augment is not the syllabic but the temporal, namely & is changed into ŋ.

VOCABULARY.

Amolvo, I free from (aro and
λεω).

Acar, I put an end to (dia
and Avo).
Καταλύω, I destroy (κατa and
λύω).

Aixa, I judge (un, justice,
judgment).

Aikaorns, ou, ò, a judge.
Erayyew, I announce, re-
port (άγγελος, a messenger,
hence our angel).
Eπovλevo, I plot against.

The Imperfect often denotes a repeated act, and may sometimes be rendered, with the aid of the verb to accustom, thusZwrparng, etc., was accustomed to speak. The optative, as ex-IKETE, I implore. pressive of a wish, may be used as a softened imperative, as ATOTрETоITE, etc., O that you would turn away; that is, turn away. My irepov, etc., literally, do not conceal in your heart another thought, speaking different things, that is, do not say one thing and think another.

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EXERCISES. GREEK-ENGLISH.

Δυο άνω προς την πόλιν αγετον. Βοε το αρότρου αγείον. Χαιρωμεν, παιδες. Ως ήλυ (sc. εστι) καλλος, ὅταν ἔχῃ νοῦν σωφρονα. Οἱ πολίται τους νόμους φυλαττόντων. Erapos έταιρου φροντίζέτω. Πατήρ τε και μητηρ πρόνοιαν εχέτων της των τέκνων παιδειας. Ο γραμμάτων άπειρος ου βλέπει βλέπων. Τας προς πίπτουσας τύχας γενναίως φερε. Ο παις τῷ πατρί ῥεῖον φέρει, ἵνα χαιρῇ. Ο παις τῷ πατρὶ ῥόδον έφερεν, ένα χαίροι, Σωκράτης ώσπερ εγίγνωσκεν οὕτως ἔλεγεν. Ὅτε οἱ Έλληνες επλησίαζον, οἱ βαρβαροι απέφευγον. Θεμιστοκλής και Αριστείδης ποτε εστασιάζετην, Λακεδαιμονιοι μουσικής απείρως έχουσιν. Αποτρέποιτε, ω θεοι, το δεινον αφ' ήμων. Μη έτερον και θοις καρέτα νουν, αλλά αγορεύων.

ENGLISH-GREEK,

Kirderevo, I am in danger, I
incur danger.

Marw, I owe a grudge, I am
angry with.

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REMARKS.

Пp av, before (with subjunctive or optative); av refers to a condition expressed or understood, and so requires a dependent mood.

In the exercise enуyee is the third person singular of the Imperfect indicative; the n between (t) and the verb is the temporal augment formed by lengthening the a, the first is formed by simply lengthening the t. The optative form in letter in the verb αγγέλλω. In ισχύω and ἱκετεύω the augment επιβουλευσαιεν is occasioned by ότι in a sentence formed after the «δίνγια oratio; that is, the optative is required because the fact is represented as dependent on the report of the messenger; in English the indicative must be used. The force of the Aorist in the imperative #ioreverare cannot be given in English by any one word. The Student must wait for the explanations τo be given in the Syntax.

EXERCISES. GREEK-ENGLISH.

Οἱ στρατιώται την πόλιν από των πολεμίων απολύσουσιν. This road leads to the city; two roads lead to the city; two. Ο χρήστος άνθρωπος και τοις εκγόνοις φυτεύσει. Ο αγγελος horses drive the plough; these roads led to the city: w- επηγγελλε τους πολίταις, ὅτι οἱ πολέμιοι τῷ στρατευματι men are beautiful when they have good sense (a sound mind);

the elizens Keep (guard) the laws, the citizens were keepingς επιβουλευσοιεν. Αχιλλευς Αγαμέμνονι εμηνίσει. Οι Έλληνες the laws, the citizen keeps the laws; you, Ο citizens, keep | αντ' εις πολλά ισχύσαν. Σωκράτης ουχ ικέτευσε τους δικαστας the laws, my father takes care of my education; my mother | μετά πολλών δακρύων, αλλά πίστευσας τῇ ἑαυτου αβλαβείς

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