finite. To the gifted eye it abounds in the poètic. The affections which spread beyond ourselves, and stretch far into futurity; the workings of mighty passions, which seem to arm the soul with an almost superhuman energy; the innocent and irrepressible joy of infancy; the bloom and buoyancy, and dazzling hopes of youth; the throbbings of the heart when it first wakes to love, and dreams of a happiness too vást for earth; woman, with her beauty, and grace, and gentleness, and fulness of feeling, and depth of affection, and her blushes of purity, and the tones and looks which only a móther's heart can inspire; these are all poetical. It is not true that the poet paints a life which does not exist. He only extracts and concentrates, as it were, life's ethereal èssence, arrests and condènses its volatile fragrance, brings together its scattered béauties, and prolongs its more refined but evanescent joys; and in this he does well; for it is good to feel that life is not wholly usurped by cares for subsistence and physical gratifications, but admits, in measures which may be indefinitely enlarged, sèntiments and delights worthy of a higher being.-Channing. CAUSES OF WAR. [To be marked for Inflections by the student.] What are sufficient causes of war let no man say, let no legislator say, until the question of war is directly and inevit ably before him. Jurists may be permitted, with comparative safety, to pile tome upon tome of interminable disquisition upon the motives, reasons, and causes of just and unjust war. Metaphysicians may be suffered with impunity to spin the thread of their speculations until it is attenuated to a cobweb; but for a body created for the government of a great nation, and for the adjustment and protection of its infinitely diversified interests, it is worse than folly to speculate upon the causes of war, until the great question shall be presented for immediate action,-until they shall hold the united question of cause, motive, and present expediency, in the very palm of their hands. War is a tremendous evil. Come when it will, unless it shall come in the necessary defence of our national security, or of that honour under whose protection national security reposes, it will come too soon,-too soon for our national prosperity, too soon for our individual happiness,-too soon for the frugal, industrious, and virtuous habits of our citizens, too soon, perhaps, for our most precious institutions. The man who, for any cause, save the sacred cause of public security, which makes all wars defensive, the man who, for any cause but this, shall promote or compel this final and terrible resort, assumes a responsibility second to none, nay, transcendantly deeper and higher than any, which man can assume before his fellow-man, or in the presence of God, his Creator.-Binney. FOUNDATION OF NATIONAL CHARACTER. [To be marked for Inflections by the student.] Mental energy has been equally diffused by sterner levellers than ever marched in the van of a revolution,-the nature of man and the providence of God. Native character, strength, and quickness of mind, are not of the number of distinctions and accomplishments, that human institutions can monopolize within a city's walls. In quiet times, they remain and perish in the obscurity to which a false organization of society consigns them. In dangerous, convulsed, and trying times, they spring up in the fields, in the village hamlets, and on the mountain tops, and teach the surprised favourites of human law, that bright eyes, skilful hands, quick perceptions, firm purpose, and brave hearts, are not the exclusive appanage of Our popular institutions are favourable to intellectual improvement, because their foundation is in dear nature. They do not consign the greater part of the social frame to torpidity and mortification. They send out a vital nerve to every member of the community, by which its talent and power, great or small, are brought into living conjunction and strong sympathy with the kindred intellect of the nation; and every impression on every part vibrates, with electric rapidity, through the whole. They encourage' nature to perfect her courts. work; they make education, the soul's nutriment, cheap; they bring up remote and shrinking talent into the cheerful field of competition: in a thousand ways they provide an audience for lips, which nature has touched with persuasion; they put a lyre into the hands of genius; they bestow on all who deserve it, or seek it, the only patronage worth having, the only patronage that ever struck out a spark of "celestial fire," the patronage of fair opportunity. This is a day of improved education; new systems of teaching are devised; modes of instruction, choice of studies, adaptation of text-books, the whole machinery of means, have been brought, in our day, under severe revision. But were I to attempt to point out the most efficacious and comprehensive improvement in education, the engine, by which the greatest portion of mind could be brought and kept under cultivation, the discipline which would reach furthest, sink deepest, and cause the word of instruction not to spread over the surface, like an artificial hue, carefully laid on, but to penetrate to the heart and soul of its objects, it would be popular institutions. Give the people an object in promoting education, and the best methods will infallibly be suggested by that instinctive ingenuity of our nature, which provides means of great and precious ends. Give the people an object in promoting education, and the worn hand of labour will be opened to the last farthing, that its children may enjoy means denied to itself.-E. Everett. SUCCESS OF THE GOSPEL. [To be marked for Inflections by the student.] The assumption that the cause of Christianity is declining, is utterly gratuitous. We think it not difficult to prove that the distinctive principles we so much venerate, never swayed so powerful an influence over the destinies of the human race as at this very moment. Point us to those nations of the. earth, to which moral and intellectual cultivation, inexhaustible resources, progress in arts, and sagacity in council, have assigned the highest rank in political importance; and you point us to nations whose religious opinions are most closely allied to those we cherish. Besides, when was there a period, since the days of the Apostles, in which so many converts have been made to these principles, as have been made, both from Christian and pagan nations, within the last five-andtwenty years? Never did the people of the saints of the Most High look so much like going forth in serious earnest, to take possession of the kingdom and dominion, and the greatness of the kingdom under the whole heaven, as at this very day. But suppose the cause did seem declining, we should see no reason to relax our exertions, for Jesus Christ has said, Preach the gospel to every creature; and appearances, whether prosperous or adverse, alter not the obligation to obey a positive command of Almighty God. Again, suppose all that is affirmed were true. If it must be, let it be. Let the dark cloud of infidelity overspread Europe, cross the ocean, and cover our beloved land,-let nation after nation swerve from the faith,-let iniquity abound, and the love of many wax cold, even until there is on the face of this earth but one pure church of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ,-all we ask is, that we may be members of that one church. God grant that we may throw ourselves into this "Thermopylae of the moral universe." But even then, we should have no fear that the church of God would be exterminated. We would call to remembrance the years of the right hand of the Most High. We would recollect there was once a time, when the whole church of Christ, not only could be, but actually was, gathered with one accord in one place. It was then that that place was shaken, as with a mighty rushing wind, and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost. That same day, three thousand were added to the Lord. Soon we hear, they have filled Jerusalem with their doctrine. The church has commenced her march: Samaria has, with one accord, believed the gospel; Antioch has become obedient to the faith; the name of Christ has been proclaimed throughout Asia Minor; the temples of the gods, as though smitten by an invisible hand, are deserted; the citizens of Ephesus cry out in despair, Great is Diana of tha Ephesians; licentious Corinth is purified by the preaching Christ crucified. Persecution puts forth her arm to arrest the spreading superstition; but the progress of the faith cannot be stayed. The church of God advances unhurt amidst racks and dungeons, persecutions and death; she has entered Italy, and appears before the wall of the Eternal City; idolatry falls prostrate at her approach; her ensign floats in triumph over the capitol; and she has placed upon her brow the diadem of the Caesars.-Wayland. POWER OF THE SOUL. [Marked for the application of Inflections.] Life in itself, it life to all things gives: And, grateful to its giver, tenders food For the Soul's health, or suffering change unblest, As is the màn, e'en so it bears its párt, And answers, thought to thought, and heart to heart. Yes, man reduplicates himself. You see -They're gone! Both, pleased, away together flèw. And see we thus sent up, rock, sand, and wood, Sóul! fearful is thy power, which thus transforms HYMN OF NATURE. R. H. Dana, sen. [To be marked for Inflections.] God of the earth's extended plains! The tall cliff challenges the storm That lowers upon the vale below, God of the dark and heavy deep! The waves lie sleeping on the sands, God of the forest's solemn shade! When, side by side, their ranks they form, Where summer breezes sweetly flow, Or, gathering in their airy might, The fierce and wintry tempests blow; How gloriously above us springs W. B. O. Peabody. LESSONS IN GREEK.-No. XLIII. By JOHN R. BEARD, D.D. VERBS IN μ, EXERCISES; REVIEW. LET me here advise the student to spare no pains in order to acquire a complete familiarity with the model of the verbs and the remarks on the formations. If he passes on without that familiarity, he will be constantly at a loss, or, at any rate, be uncertain as to whether or not his view of a passage in Greek is correct. Inconceivable, too, will be the amount of the trouble he must take in order to ascertain by a sort of blind conjecture what part any verbal form he may meet with is; and without an exact knowledge of the part he will not be able to give the English equivalent. For want of grounding themselves thoroughly in the grammar, some persons, obtaining only a sort of half-knowledge of the language, are ever in difficulties, and find their task so hard that at last they give it up in despair; and others, who think they have made some proficiency, lose all they have gained, if for a comparatively short time they discontinue their Greek studies. Here in a special manner should the learner bear in mind that if a thing is worth doing at all, it is worth doing well. The labour may be severe and somewhat irksome, but far greater and far more disagreeable is the labour that falls on those who satisfy themselves with passing over the surface, and in an unwise eager ness for progress, constantly hasten to the new before the old is understood and mastered. I do not indeed suppose that any one will make the matter his own for ever by a first study. Again and again must the student retrace his steps; but let him not consider the first study accomplished until he feels that he has become well acquainted with the lesson actually before him. When once he has mastered a lesson, he may go on to the next, but while going forward let him always review the ground already trodden. At least one "front lesson" and one "back lesson" should be constantly objects of his care; and while he studies the new and the old, let him test his proficiency by questions gathered by himself out of the subjectmatter. Those questions should be very numerous and very exact. Let the pupil go over a “back lesson" purposely to frame questions thereupon, and to these questions let distinct answers be sought and given. The use of the pen as well as the use of the tongue is recommended. Write out parts of the paradigms, and an entire paradigm, again and again, until you have committed it to memory, and repeat aloud-in order that your ear may lend its assistance as well as the eye and the understanding-every part of the models, every tense, and every word; and when you think you have learnt the whole by heart, examine yourself with the utmost exactitude and rigour. Much will you be aided if you can get an intelligent person to study the same subject as you study, for then you will be able to examine each other, and what the one finds difficult may be explained by the other. Only be assured that how useful soever a community in study may be, the great work of carefully reading and laboriously committing to memory must be done in private. Study first, and then come together for conversation and examination. If, indeed, you could form a small class for studying the Greek language, you might derive therefrom great profit, provided always that you did not neglect private application. Be assured that without privacy there is no real study, and without deep and sustained personal application there is no proficiency. VOCABULARY. against. turn from. Ανίστημι, I place, I set up, I | Αντιτάττω, I set in array Διίστημι, I place at a distance, | I put an interval between, I separate. Ενίστημι, I place in ; pf. I am present. Καθιστημι, I put down, I appoint, I render. Παρίστημι, I place by the side of; 2nd aorist, I stand by. Αποσπάω, I pull as under (σπάω, hence our spasm). Εξορθόω, I make straight, I set up. Πολεμέω, (with dat.) I make war on. | | | | Παγις, παγίδος, ή, a snare. I hold), a rein-holder, that Κορινθιος, ου, o, a Corinthian. bitant of Naxos. Αηρ, αερος, δ, the air. EXERCISES.-GREEK ENGLISH. | ENGLISH-GREEK. I give myself. I may place myself. I may give. They may give. They might give. You might give. Thou mightest place. They place. He places. To place. He placed. He placed himself. 1 set. They sat. Το set. I may set. He might set. You two might set. Thou showest. You show. They show. Το show. I shall place. They will set. He stands. He will show. You two will show. I was given. They were given. Standing. Giving. Placing. Wars separate friends. Wars pull friends asunder. Wars turn men from virtue. He hopes to render God propitious by sacrifices. Men do not allow the sea to be free, placing ships there. Take care that wealth does not turn thee from the road to virtue. They are turned from God. The cares of this life have turned many from God. Set thyself in array against sin. He has set himself in array against the wicked. The fame of that general arouses me from sleep. I am aroused from sleep by the fame of noble generals. My father stood in the river. Many allies left the Athenians. The Athenians will make war on the allies that leave them. My dear son, stand by thy unfortunate mother. A report was spread that Athens was burnt down. It is best to make the mind thy guide. Wise men make the mind their guide. REMARKS, ETC. Ειων, from εαω, I allow ; what tense? explain the augment and the person-ending. Μη αφιστη, etc. The verb governs an accusative and a geni. tive; what is the part here employed ? go through it. Το μεν, with 'αποστάσιν, against the Naxians who had revolted; literally, το δε, one part of time, another, and a third. Τοις Ναξίοις agrees against the Naxians having revolted. Ηνιοχον, hterally, you will place the mind as the best charioteer (or guide), that is, the mind is the best guide you can take; αριστην in construction agrees with its nearest noun, γνωμην, though in sense it must be taken with ήνιοχον. Make a list of the verbs in w, and another list of the verbs in | μι; found in this exercise. Write out in full the verbs ανιστημι and αφίστημι ; also the verbs αποσπαω and αποστρέφω. What is the voice, what the mood, and what the tense, and person of these verbal forus ? στῶ; βῶ; παρασταίητε ; διστησι; καθισταναι; αφιστῇ; εξωρθου; why is ανισταιη in the optative mood? how does the middle φυλαττομαι differ in meaning from the present φυλαττω? Decline the adjective ατυχεσι and the noun κέρδος. What are REVIEW:-QUESTIONS FOR SELF-EXAMINATION. How are the verbs in μ distinguished from the verbs in w? What do you mean by reduplication? What verbs in μ are reduplicated? How is the reduplication formed? the two principal classes into which the verbs in u are divided? What do you mean by the theme of a verb? What is the theme of αποθνησκω : of οισω ? of ίστημι? of παυσον? of εσταλκα? οι θαυμασθησονται: οἱ στρεψον? of χρωνται? of διδωμι. οι κορεννυμι. οἱ σβεννυμι? What is meant by the mood-vowel? What is the mood-vowel of the subjunctive? Η πολυφιλία διαστησι και αποσπά και αποστρέφει. Eric of the optative? What parts of the verbs in μ have no moodθυσίαν προςφέρων ευνουν νομίζει τον θεον καθιστάναι, φρενας vowel? What do you mean by the person-endings? What κουφας έχει. Ουδε τον αέρα οἱ ανθρωποι τοις ορνίσιν είων are the person-endings of the indicative present of verbs in w? ελευθερον, παγίδας και νεφέλας ἱσταντες. of verbs in μ? What are the person-endings of the indicative Φυλαττου μη το κέρδος σε της δικαιοσυνης αφιστη. imperfect and second aorist of verbs in ? of verbs in μ? Εν τῳ Πελοποννησιακῳ | What is the original form of διδου and δεικνυ ? Whence πολεμῳ εἰς ανηρ, Περικλής, εξωρθου την πολιν, και ανιστη και is the form θες? the form is the form δος What part αντετάττετο και τῳ λοιμῳ και τῳ πολεμφ. Μη αφιστη τους of the verb is δοῦναι, and how has it been formed? Exνέους της επι την αρετην όδου. Θεμιστοκλης λεγεται εἰπεῖν ὡς plain the formation of the participle ἱστᾶς. Explain the formation of τεθεικα, στρωννυμι, εδεικνύμην, and ἱστᾶται. Go το Μιλτιάδου τροπαιον αύτον εκ των ύπνων ανισταιη. Τανthrough the tenses to which these forms belong, namely, ταλος εν τη λίμνη αυος είστηκει. Το μεν του χρονου (sc. εστι) τιθειμαι, εδιδόμην, ἱστάμην; εδιδουν; ίστη; δίδωμι, διδού γεγονος, το δε ενεστως εστι, το δε μέλλον (sc. εστιν). Οἱ Κορινθιοι ἱσταίην, δῶ; θῶμαι; στηθι, έστηκα; τεθεικα; θες. What πολλους συμμάχους απεστησαν απο των Αθηναίων. Οἱ Νάξιοι part of the verb is each of the following, namely, δειχθήσας από των Αθηναίων απέστησαν. Παραστά τους ατυχεσιν. Πῆ μαι' αμφιῶς θεσθαι εδειξα ? θησω? στηθι, εδεδώκειν τας ἔθεντο ίσταιντοὶ θως στῇ ἱσταιεν ? τιθεῖτον: εδοσαν ? τιθησι στῶ; πῆ βῶ; Οἱ Αθηναίοι τοις Ναξίοις αποστᾶσιν απ' αυτών διδῳ · διδου : ἱστασθων: διδόσθαι εδεικνυμην? ετιθη? ἱστᾶτε επολέμησαν. Παρασταίητε τοις ατυχέσιν. Λογος διεσπαρη ετίθεντος εδίδοσθε ? εδεικνυμεθα ? τίθεσθαί ἱστωνται? What τους συμμάχους από της πόλεως αποστήναι. Ηνιοχον γνωμην is the signification of εστην? οἱ εδίδουν ? οἱ ἱστασι? οἱ ετίθετο οἱ τιθῇ: οἱ σταιην? οἱ δωμαι? στήσεις αριστην. 354 Αθηναίοι χαλκην ποιησαμενοι λεαιναν What do you mean by augment? What is the temporal | γηρας έθηκε Θεος. Ῥμον εξ αγαθου augment? What is the syllabic? Write down from memory εν πυλαις της ακροπολεως ανεθεσαν. Explain the θειναι κακον η εκ κακον εσθλον. Το κακον ουδεις χρηστον the irregular comparisons of the adjectives. formation and give the meaning of each of these parts, φκτίκειν; αναθείη. Μετάθετε τας διαφορας. Λυκούργον, τον θεντα Λακεὡμιληκα; ἱκετευον; εωργειν; εωθουν; εαξα; ειλυσα ; ειασα; επεφυτευκειν ; ημελλον; έρριφα ; ηυληκα; εβεβουλευκεῖν. How are the tenses divided? Which are the principal tenses? Which are the historical tenses? Which are the second tenses? What verbs form only the first tenses? What is the meaning of syncope? of metathesis? How are pure verbs distinguished from impure? What is the tense-stem of βεβουλευκε? of βουλεύσω? of εβουλευσαν ? οἱ τετελεσμαι ? of βουλευθείη : of ετριβην : What is the name of the part to which these persons belong, namely, ελῶ ? κομιεῖς? τελοῦμεν ? κομιοῦμαι ? Form from memory a tabular view of the Greek declensions. HISTORICAL ANECDOTES. Επαμεινώνδας, ότε ετρώθη εν Μαντινεια καιριαν, εις την σκηνην κομισθείς ετι εμπνους Δαϊφαντον εκαλει, να αποδειξη στρατηγον. Οἱ δε εφασαν τεθνάναι τον ανδρα. Ειτα Ιολαϊδαν καλειν δια ταχεων ηξίου. Επει δε και αυτος ελεχθη τεθνάναι, συνεβούλευσε διαλυσασθαι προς τους πολεμίους και φιλιαν θεσθαι, ὡς μηκετι στρατηγου καταλελειμμενον εν Θηβαις. VOCABULARY AND EXPLANATION. δαιμονίοις νόμους μαλιστα θαυμαζομεν. Ὁ πόλεμος παντα μετατεθεικεν. Προ της αρετης θεοι ίδρωτα έθεσαν. ENGLISH-GReek. I have set sweat (labour) before wisdom. God will set sweat before learning. I admire Lycurgus who gave (ὁ θεις) good laws. The senate gave good laws to the Athenians. My son has changed his disposition. Changing his disposi tion, my son is bad. Το those who do well, God will place good things. Wealth will change men's disposition. Ο young men, make (τιθημι) the present (το εστως) good. My daughter has made the past useful. I will try to make the future better than the past. The city places ivy round the general's head. Bad men imitating virtue display (it). Bacchus carries the thyrsus in his hand. I take care toplace the love of wisdoms in young men. The young often render (set) good bad and bad good. Do you, O citizens, lay aside your (the article) disagreements. Old age has been rendered hard by the gods. It is not easy to render bad good. Those men changed their nature (disposition). Foolish men cannot give wise laws. Lycurgus gave wise laws. We often add to our own evils others. We often see wealth change the character (disposition) of men. The war will change all things. The general Τιτρώσκω, I wound; καιρίαν sc. πληγην, a wound on the right will put spirit into the soldiers. May riches never change side, which was held to be mortal. change, I put an end to, Περιτίθημι, I place round, Μ.μεομαι, I imitate. Διάφορα, ας, ή, difference, dis agreement, controversy, Αντίγονος, ου, o, Antigonus. Διονυσος, Dionysos, Bacchus. Θύρσος, ου, o, a wand, the wand of Bacchus, called the Thyr. height, citadel, the head, diadem. Αλλοτριος, α, ον, belonging to | Αργαλέος, α, or, hard, dis. another, strange. agreeable. Μακεδονικός, η, donian. EXERCISES.GREEK-ENGLISH, Mace (opt. aor.) thy character. Good men wish to put the love of virtue into the young. The force which prepositions have to modify the signification of verbs, is illustrated in the two last exercises, in which ίστημι, I place, and τίθημι, I set, receive different meanings according to the prepositions put before them. Thus ανιστημι means I place up (ava, up), and αφίστημι, I place from (απο from), while καθίστημι signifes I place down (κατα, down), and ενίστημι, I place in (εν, in) ; so ανατιθημι is 1 set up, and περιτιθημι, I place round (περι, round); μετατιθημι properly signihes I place with (μετα, with): but μετα denotes change, and so the compound means I change. In changing you may transfer and you may also put an end to; accordingly μετατίθεναι has both these significations. You will do well to study the pri mitive import of words, whether they are simple or compound, since you may thus obtain a kind of key to all their uses and applications in what may be termed their derivative or secon| dary meanings. REMARKS, ETC. Τῳ καλως τίθησιν, etc. The application here and in other examples in this exercise, of τιθημι, I set, or I put, exemplifies the necessity there is for the pupil to study first the general meaning of a word and then the use which is made of it by the Greeks; in the first sentence we should use the term ren der as the English equivalent for the Greek τίθησι. Hence We may say that τιθημι means I render; it would, however, be more correct to look at the matter from the Greek point of view, and then τιθημι appears to retain its primitive meaning and to signify I set. In the same way should we regard other applications of the verb, as in τιθεναι κακον εσθλον, to set bad good, that is, according to our English idiom, to render (or make) bad good. So again τιθεναι νόμον, to set a law ; the sinple fact is that what we call making a law, or giving a law, or passing a law, the Greeks called setting a law. The compound Τῳ καλως ποιοῦντι θεος πολλα αγαθα τίθησιν. Ο πλουτος εντιθέναι, to set in, can hardly be rendered literally in English πολλακις μετατίθησι τον των ανθρώπων τρόπον. Πολλάκις for we scarcely say, I set courage in soldiers, but I inspire soldier with courage, so we say, I inspire the young with love of learning, ανθρωποι τους ίδιους κακοις αλλότρια προςτιθεασιν. Εις το but the Greeks spoke of setting the love of letters in the young. βελτιον τιθει το μελλον. Αντίγονος Διονύσου παντα εμιμειτο, RembraGreek method of speaking, that is και κιττον μεν περιτιθεις τη κεφαλή αντι διαδήματος Μακεδο: the Greek idiom, that you have to become acquainted with νικού, θυρσον δε αντι σκηπτρου φερών. Οἱ σοφισται την αρετην and you must avoid transferring English idioms into Greek προετίθεσαν. Εντιθῶμεν τοις νέοις της σοφίας έρωτα. Η τύχη είδη με rendering of the former scarcely corr letters. Sometimes the Greek idiom differs so much from the παντα αν μετατιθείη. Ου ράδιον την φυσιν μετατιθέναι. Πολ. Ed in the last sentenge about λακις δοκοῦντες θήσειν κακον εσθλον εθεμεν, και δοκοῦντες Greek exercise, which means that the gods have made labour εσθλον εθεμεν κακον. Τας διαφορας μεταθώμεν. Αργαλέον | the only means of acquiring virtue. Οἱ θεοι παντα διδοᾶσιν. Γυναιξε αρχειν ου δίδωσιν ἡ φύσις. Χαριν λαβων μεμνησο και δους επιλαθου. Λαβων αποδος, και ληψη παλιν. Ο μακαρες θεοι, δότε μοι ολβον και δόξαν αγαθην ἔχειν. Ο πλουτος, ὃν αν δῶσι θεοι, εμπεδος εστιν. "Α ἡ φύσις | δέδωκε, ταυτ' έχει μονα ὁ ἄνθρωπος. Η φύσις ταύροις εδωκε κερα, κέντρα μελιτταις. Ὧν σοι Θεος εδωκε, τούτων χρήζουσι διδου. Εσθλῳ ανδρι και εσθλα διδωσι Θεος. Πτωχή ευθύς διδου. Χρήματα δαιμων και παγκακι ανδρι διδωσιν, αρετῆς δε ολίγοις ανδρασι μοῖρ ̓ έπεται. Θεος μοι δοιη φιλους πιστούς. Τοῖς πλουσίοις πρεπει τοῖς πτωχοις δοῦναι, Οἱ στατιῶται την πολιν τοῖς πολεμιοις προεδίδοσαν. Ο αγαθος χαίρει τοῖς πενησι χρημάτων μεταδιδους. Δεῖ τους αγαθούς ανδρας γενναίως φέρειν, ότι αν ὁ Θεὸς διδῳ. Ος αν μελλη την πατριδα προδιδόναι, μεγιστης ζημιας άξιος εστιν. Οἱ θεοι μοι αντι κακων αγαθα διδοιεν. Φιλος φιλον ου προδώσει. ENGLISH-GREEK. VOCABULARY. Αποδεικνυμι, I show from, 1 | Όρκος, ου, o, an oath. means, to make some one Πυθαγορας, ου, o, Pythagoras, Εμμενω (with dat.), I remain | Μέτριος, α, ον, moderate. Εική, rashly, groundlessly, in vain. Παντως, all together, thoroughly. Σπανίως, sparingly. Εντος, within; τα εντος, the things within, secrets. EXERCISES.-GREEK-ENGLISH. Ορκον φεῦγε, καν δικαιως ομννης. Μη τι θεους επιορκον επομνύ. Ο οινος μετριος ληφθεις ῥωνοῦσιν. Οἱ διδασκαλοι τους μαθητας μιμητας ἑαυτων αποδεικνυᾶσιν. Πυθαγόρας παρήγγειλε τοῖς μανθανουσι σπανίως μεν ομνύναι, χρησαμηνοις δε τοις όρκοις παντως εμμενειν. Ἡ πλαστικη δεικνῦσι τα είδη των θεων, των ανθρώπων, και ενίοτε και των θηρῶν. Μη αθέατα δειξης ἡλιῳ. Ανδρος νοῦν οῖνος εδειξεν. Φρυγες όρκοις ου χρῶνται ουτ' ομνύντες, ουτ' αλλους εξορκοῦντες. Ολίγοις δεικνύ τα εντος φρενῶν. Οἱ κριται τα ψηφίσματα απεδεικνυσαν. Μηποτε εικῆ ομνυοιτε. Ὁ βασιλευς τον αύτου υἱον στρατηγον αποδεδειχεν. ENGLISH-GREEK. He swears. Thou swearest. They swear. We swear, you swear. I swore. He swore a false oath. They swear falsely by the gods. Wine strengthens. I am strengthened by moderate wine. A good teacher makes his scholars imitators of himself. They have made their sons the imitators of themselves. Wine sparingly taken is able to strengthen men. Socrates commands his scholars to reverence the gods. Young men show the secrets of their minds to many. The generals have made their own sons fellow-workers to (with) themselves. REMARKS, ETC. What parts are these-ληφθεις ? παρηγγειλες χρησαμενοις? δείξης: απεδείκνυσαν? Go through them severally. To what class of verbs does παρηγγειλε belongt also χρησαμενοις ? also απεδεικνυσαν ? What is the theme or final root of ληφθεις? of ομνυοιτε? and δεικνυσι ? What is the meaning of the root of ψήφισμα ? Decline these nouns: όρκοις, θηρῶν, είδη, κριται. Why is αύτου aspirated thus, αύτου? In what other form does it appear ? and what are its varieties of meaning: Explain the derivation of εμμένειν, αθέατα, and αποδεικ What is the vu in the last word? What augment has παρηγγειλε ? and why is it placed where it is ? VOCABULARY. νυασιν. Thon givest. They give back. He gives. You two give. We give back. I may give. I might give. I may have given. They gave. He gave. He gave back. Ye two gave, Thou shalt give. He will give. We shall give. Ye two will five. Τo give. Giving. He was given. They were given back. Give thou, Let him give back. I had given. It was given. Let them give. The gods give all good things to men. He gave me a horse. He shared with me his goods (τα χρηματα). Nature has given beauty to women. Nature gives nothing, all things have been given by God. He received a favour, but did not return it. Return a favour willingly (έκων). Give me, O gods, good fortune. The wise man prays the gods to give him virtue, not good fortune. Wisdom has been given thee, Ο Socrates. The gods gave wisdom to Socrates. The gods will give wisdom to all who ask it (to all asking). Give Συνίστημι, I put together; | Μωρος, α, ον, foolish ; ὁ μωρος, to the unfortunate. Share thy good fortune with thy friends. He shared his wealth with the poor. The good rejoice to | share (sharing) their wealth with the needy. Whatever the gods give I will bear bravely. May I bear bravely whatever the gods give! It is necessary to share one's wealth with one's friends! He betrayed his country. That general will betray his country. The city has been betrayed. Friends betray friends, and enemies enemies. May the gods give me faithful friends. The gods have given me good children. Good children have been given me by the gods. May the gods give thee, my son, a good wife! mid., I collect, unite. know. Μεθη, ης, ή, riot, drunken ness. Ολιγαρχία, ας, ή, the domi- a fool. taining to a ship or the sea; sea. Αξιολογος, ον, worth speaking of, respectable, considerable, |