There is a cave of some extent on the head waters of Goose creek, of which little is known.

The timber of Bedford is generally oak,-white, black, red, Spanish, and box oak, there is also much good pine in some sections.-Few hogs, and little cattle is raised for market; there are some fine horses raised, and more attention has been lately attracted to this subject.

There are about thirty good manufacturing mills in the county, and as many saw mills. About six miles of the James river canal, which passes through the Blue Ridge, lie in this county.-This county belongs to the eighth judicial circuit, and fourth district. Population 1820, 19,305-in 1830, 20,246-Taxes paid in 1833, $4,321 41-in 1834, on lots, $76 09— land, $2538 50-slaves, (No. 4545,) $1136 25-horses, (No. 4670,) $280 20-studs, (No. 33,) $496 00-coaches, (No. 31,) $68 40-carryalls, (No. 7,) 87 00-gigs, (No. 20,) $11 25-Total $4,613 19. Amount expended in 1833 for education of poor children, $861 65.

School Fund from 30th Sept. 1833, to 1st Oct. 1834. Number of school commissioners,

Aggregate No. of days' attendance of poor children at school,

Average

Rate of tuition per diem,

66

each poor child

Average paid for each poor child, including all expenses,
Expended in 1833, for all expenses,

15

25

450

330

18182

TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.

CHAMBLESS' STORE, P. O. 159 ms. 12 tanyards,-3 house-carpenters,-1 from R. and 237 from W. wheelwright,-3 tailors,-2 black

DAVIS' MILL, P. O. 155 ms. S. W. smiths, and 2 turners.-The mail by W. from W.

DAVIS' STORE, P. O. 149 ms. from R. and 217 from W.

DICKINSON'S STORE, P. O. 152 ms. W. of R. and 230 from W. HENDRICKS STORE, P. O. 161 ms. from R. and 239 S. of W.

arrives and departs fifteen times in a week.-Liberty contains 9 attorneys, and 4 regular physicians;-whole population 350.

County Courts are held on the 4th Monday in every month;-Quarterly in March, May, August, and November.

LIBERTY, P. V. and seat of justice, is situated on a branch of Ot- JUDGE DANIEL holds his Circuit ter river, 26 ms. S. W. from Lynch- Superior Court of Law and Chancery burg, 145 ms. S. W. by W. from R. on the tenth of May and October. and 223 from W.-lat. 37° 17' N.- MERSEY'S, P. O. 170 ms. W. of R. long. 20° 29' W. of W. C.-The and 248 from W.-It contains 5 merLynchburg and Salem turnpike runs cantile stores, 1 tavern, 2 manufacturthrough the town, which contains be- ing flour mills, 5 common grist mills, sides the county buildings, 70 houses; 2 carding machines, and 3 saw mills. -2 Baptist, and 1 free church,-1-The neighboring soil is good and masonic hall,-2 taverns,-5 mercan- produces well all the staples of the tile stores,-1 tobacco manufactory,-middle states.

OTTER BRIDGE, P. O. 17 ms. S. creek, with a fine view of the magW. by W. of Lynchburg, 215 ms. S. nificent Blue Ridge, and the towering W. of W. and 137 from R. Peaks of Otter. It contains 10 dwelOTTER PEAKS, situated on the ling houses, 1 free house of worship, boundary line between Bedford and 1 Benevolent Society, and 1 manufacBotetourt, by the road 30 ms. from turing flour mill, the principal meLynchburg-These summits are chanical pursuits are the blacksmiths, 4,260 feet above the Atlantic, and are tanners, boot and shoe makers, wagon the highest Peaks of the Appalachian makers, and brick layers. The soil chain, except the White Top peaks in the neighborhood is fertile, producof the Iron mountain, and some points ing wheat, corn, buckwheat, tobacco, in New Hampshire.-See a descrip- oats, hemp, and flax, in abundance.tion of these in the preliminary de- Grazing is also carried on by the farscription of this county. mers in the neighborhood, and no soil

SAINT JAMES CHURCH, P. O. 139 can be better adapted to grass and cloms. from R. and 217 S. W. of W. ver.-Tiber has 1 physician, and a

TIBER, or Goose Creek, P. O. in population of 70 souls.

the western part of the county is 10 WHARTON'S MILLS, P. O. 154 ms. ms. W. of Liberty, 233 ms. from W. from R. and 227 S. W. of W. and 155 from R.-situated on the wa- WHITE OAK GROVE, P. O. 149 ters of a beautiful stream called Goose ms. from R. and 227 from W.

BRUNSWICK.

BRUNSWICK was created by the Legislature in 1720, from a portion of Surry and Isle of Wight. It is bounded N. W. and N. by Lunenburg,W. by Mecklenburg, N. E. by Nottoway river, which separates it from Dinwiddie, E. by Greensville, S. by Southampton co. of N. Carolina, and S. W. by Warren co. of the same state. It is nearly a square, of 26 miles on each side; area 676 sq. miles: extending in lat. from 36° 32' N. to 36° 56' N., and in long. from 0° 39', to 1° 04' W. of W. C. The S. W. angle touches Roanoke, and a small section is drained S. into that stream; but the body of the county is comprised in the vallies of Meherrin and Nottoway rivers, and declines to the east.-Population 1820-16,687-in 1830 -15,767.-Brunswick belongs to the second judicial circuit, and first district.-Tax paid in 1833, $3618 91-in 1834, $3751 56.-Amount expended in educating poor children in 1832, no report-in 1833, $417 65.

TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.

DIAMOND GROVE, P. O. 86 ms. S. 1S. of Lawrenceville and on the main 8. W. of R. and 179 from W.-on road leading S. from Petersburg-it the Meherrin river and main stage contains 5 dwelling houses, one Meroad from Petersburg, Va., to Charles-thodist house of worship, 1 coach ton, S. C., 7 ms. S. of Lawrenceville; manufactory, and a blacksmith-shop. situated in a rich and enterprising It has one physician, and a populaneighborhood. tion of 60 persons.

GHOLSONVILLE, P. V. on the left bank of Meherrin river, 75 ms. S. S. W. of R. and 197 from W.-o -one mile

HARRISVILLE, P. O. 46 ms. from R. and 168 from W.

KENNEDY, P. O. 66 ms. S. S. W.

PERCIVALS, P. O. 67 ms. S. W. of R. and 186 from W.

STURGEONVILLE, P. V. 60 ms. S.

JONESBORO', P. O. 92 ms. S. of R. contains 13 dwelling houses, 1 merand 194 from W. cantile store, 1 tailor, and 1 blackshith. LAWRENCEVILLE, P. V. and Population 33. There are several county seat, 69 ms. W. of S. from Methodist houses of worship in the Richmond, and 191 from Washing- immediate neighborhood. The counton-lat. 36° 48' N., and long. 0° 50' try is healthy, and well settled with W. of W. C.-Lawrenceville is a industrious and wealthy farmers; the beautiful and wealthy little upland land is strong and well watered, and village, on a branch of the Meherrin produces all the staple articles of the river, containing a handsome court-state. house, clerk's office, and jail, an elegant masonic hall, and an Episcopal of R. and 188 from W. church, 25 neat dwelling houses, 1 common school, 1 temperance and 1 missionary society, 4 mercantile stores, 2 taverns, 2 tanyards, 1 saddler, 1 S. W. of R. and 182 from W.-This boot and shoe factory, 2 tailors, and place takes its name from Sturgeon 3 smith-shops. Population 350; of creek, which runs near it.—It is situ whom 4 are attorneys, and 1 a physi- ated in the N. E. part of the county, in a tolerably thickly settled neighCounty Courts are held on the 4th borhood. The land once good, is Monday in every month;-Quarterly now much worn out, but the inhabiin March, May, August, and Novem- tants are wealthy and hospitable; ber. wheat and tobacco are the staples.JUDGE MAY holds his Circuit Su- There are in the neighborhood of the perior Court of Law and Chancery P. O., 1 Methodist, and 1 Presbyteon the 26th of April and September. rian house of worship, 1 Academy, LEWISVILLE, P. V. 78 ms. S. S. 1 female school, 2 general stores, 1 W. from R. and 200 from W-situat- blacksmith, 2 boot and shoe makers, ed on Gee's road, one mile N. W. of 1 tanyard, and a house of entertainGee's bridge over the Meherrin river, ment.

cian.

and near the dividing line of Lunen- WHITE PLAINS, P. O. 94 ms. S. burg, Brunswick, and Mecklenburg; S. W. of R. and 205 from W.-situ28 miles from Randolph Macon Col-ated on the great southern road; 80 lege, and 9 from Lawrenceville.-It ms. N. of Raleigh, N. C.

BUCKINGHAM.

BUCKINGHAM was created by the Legislature in 1761, and formed out of part of Albemarle county.-It is bounded on the N. E.-N.-N. W.— and W. by the James river, which separates it from Fluvanna, Albemarle, Nelson, and Amherst; S. W. by Campbell; S. by the Appomattox, which separates it from Prince Edward; and E. by Cumberland. Length 34 miles, mean breadth, 24-area 816 sq. miles;-it extends in lat. from 37° 13' to 37° 45' N. and in long. from 1° 12' to 1° 55' W. from W. C.

The head waters of the Appomattox flow along the S. border of this county; but its general inclination is N. towards the James, which forms about half of its entire outline. The only mountains in Buckingham are Willis's mountain, a small range near its eastern border, and another in the S. W. part near James river, called Ferguson's mountain; the remainder of

the county is generally level. Willis's river rises in the S. part of the county-flows in an eastern direction, enters Cumberland, then turns to the N. E. and empties into the James, 40 miles above Richmond; it is navigable 65 miles from its mouth,-a remarkable circumstance for a river of its length; its channel rather resembles a canal than a river. Slate river rises in the S. part of this county, flows to the N. E. and empties into the James 3 miles above New Canton, and 63 above Richmond.-Buckingham is by no means wealthy in proportion to its extent,- -a large portion of it is barren and uninhabited; on the borders of the water courses the soil is fertile, producing well all the staples, tobacco, wheat, corn, &c.—the intervening ridges are extremely sterile and desolate.-The county contains 7 manufacturing flour mills, capable of grinding from 200 to 250,000 bushels of wheat annually, 5 wool-carding establishments, 8 tanyards, and 40 grist mills.-Slate is found in abundance at the mouth of Slate river.-Iron-ore is found near New Canton.-Gold is found in many places, and one mine is said to be the richest in America. A Mineral Spring has been discovered ten miles S. of New Canton, which is known as the Physic Spring, the waters of which have not been analyzed, but are thought by physicians acquainted with its qualities, to be useful in many diseases, especially those of a chronic nature.-Buckingham belongs to the eighth judicial circuit, and fourth district. Population 1820, 17,582-in 1830, 18,351. Taxes in 1832-3, $5053 25-1833-4, on lots, $67 06-land, $2937 55-on 5817 slaves, $1454 25-3781 horses, $226 86-13 studs, $188 00-88 coaches, $265 75-13 carryalls, $13 00-6 gigs, $40 40.--Total $5132 87. Amount expended in educating poor children in 1832, $498 90-in 1833, $421 24.

TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST-OFFICES, &c.

DIANA MILLS, P. O. 75 m's. W. of deposite by the planters, prior to of R., and 160 from W.-situated on sending their tobacco to Richmond. Slate river, 5 m's. above its junction The mechanics of the place are a with the James, and 5 above Virginia tanner, saddler, wheelwright, blackMills. It contains 1 dwelling house, smith, cabinet maker, tailor, brickand 3 stores which do a good busi- layer, and stone mason: there are in Slate river is a constant stream, the neighbourhood 2 extensive manportions of which run through a fine ufacturing mills, a grist and a saw wheat and tobacco country. Popu- mill;-from 20 to 30,000 bushels of lation at Diana Mills 12. wheat are annually purchased in the DIUGUIDSVILLE, or Bent Creek, village.-A horse mail arrives thrice P. V. 196 m's. S. W. by W. of W. a week. Population 132, 1 of whom and 112 from R., situated in the S. is a physician.

ness.

W. part of the county at the mouth of ELDRIDGES, P. O. 79 m's. W. of Bent Creek on James river. A R., and 154 from W.

neat village with considerable trade, FLOOD'S P. O. 180 m's. S. W. of and containing 16 dwelling houses, W., and 96 W. of R. 3 general stores, 2 groceries, a tav- MAYSVILLE, P. V. and County ern, a house of private entertainment, Seat, 87 m's. W. of R., and 162 from and a tobacco warehouse ;-at the W.-in lat. 37° 22' N., and long 1o latter were formerly inspected from 8 32' W. of W. C, situated near the to 1200 hogsheads of tobacco annual-centre of the county on Slate Creek, ly, and it is yet much used as a place 35° N. of Lynchburg. It contains

New

besides the county buildings, about beyond the hills extremely sterile, 50 dwelling houses, 1 Free church, except on the flats of creeks. and 1 Presbyterian, 1 female acade- Canton has 1 attorney, and 1 physimy, and 2 elementary schools for cian. Population 50. boys, 4 mercantile stores, 1 apotheca

NEW STORE, P. O. 81 m's. from ries shop, and 3 taverns; the me- R., and 167 S. W. from W. chanics are 1 tanner, 2 saddlers, 2 OAKVILLE, P. V. in the S. W. part boot and shoe manufacturers, I silver of the country, 49 m's. S. W. by W. smith and watch maker, 1 milliner of New Canton, 103 W. of R., and and mantua maker, 2 wagon makers, 187 W. of W., situated at the inter2 cabinet makers, 3 tailors, 1 tin section of the roads leading from plate worker, and 1 miller. There Bent creek, to Prince Edward C. H. are 5 arrivals of the mail in each and from Lynchburg to Stone Wall week. Maysville contains 5 resident Mills, 24 m's. from the line of Campattorneys, and 3 regular physicians. bell Co. It contains but 2 dwelling Population 300. houses, and a store selling about

County Courts, are held on the $10,000 worth of goods annually. 2d Monday in every month; Quar- The land in the immediate neighterly in March, May, August and bourhood of Oakville is sterile but November. JUDGE DANIEL holds level, the surrounding country is more his Circuit Superior Court of Law fertile, and well adapted to the staples and Chancery on the 10th of August, of the state. Much tobacco, was and September. formerly raised in this section of NEW CANTON, P. V. in the north- country, but the planters are turning ern part of the county, 63 m's. W of their attention more to the cultivation R., and 138 from W., situated at the of the other staples, and to improving mouth of Slate Creek, on an elevated their land by clover, plaster, &c. bank about a fourth of a mile from There is great variety in the soil, James river, commanding a beautiful some being dark and stony, some red, perspective view down the river. It and some gray,—the former is most was once a place of considerable productive. trade, but has been for sometime ra

PHYSIC SPRING, P. O. 67 m's. W.

pidly declining. It contains 36 dwel- of R. and 153 from W. ling houses, 3 mercantile stores, 1

STONE WALL MILLS, P. O. in the tavern, 1 flour manufacturing mill, S. W. part of the Co., 108 m's. S. W. 1 tanyard, and 1 saddler. A Free of R., and 192 from W., situated on house of worship is situated a mile S. James river, 15 m's. below Lynchof New Canton; and 4 m's. W. the burg. It contains 2 dwelling houses, Virginia Mills, by which large quan- 1 manufacturing mill, 2 mercantile tities of flour are manufactured, they stores, 1 tailor, 1 shoemaker, and 1 are situated on Slate river, on which blacksmith. Located in a convenient several valuable slate quarries are place for sending produce to market opened. An iron foundry has lately by water; and surrounded by a been opened at New Canton, by which healthy and wealthy neighbourhood. is manufactured all qualities of iron. Population 20.

Immediately on Slate river the WARREN, Ferry, and P. O. 87 country is hilly, but soon becomes m's. W of R. and 172 from W.-in very level; the borders of the river the W. part of the Co., 10 m's. W. of are very fertile, but the level country the C. H.