thanks also to you, Messrs. de Chateaubriand, de Lamartine, Degerando, Alibert, Thiers, and Victor Hugo. Oh! a hundred times thanks to you, and especially to you, Jules Janin, who have allowed me to shelter myself under your name. Thanks, lastly, to you, ancient and modern writers, who have enlightened and inspired me; thanks also to you for the numerous borrowings I have made from you. Oh! I am a sturdy debtor, am I not? At last, at last, thanks to you all, great and small, I have finished my book!"

So much for our modest friend's naïve account of the sources of his book; now for its merits. "These characters which I offer to the public are nothing more than a vast Capharnaum where every thing is confounded; phrenology, philosophy, physiognomy, verses, axioms, religion, theatre, even politics (God forgive me!), all are there pellmell, — law, manners, and customs. Moliere shakes hands with Bourdaloue, Jean Jacques Rousseau with Voltaire. Alas! how many grand thoughts and noble ideas have cooled under my pen? Oh pardon, pardon, ghosts of the great men whom I have pillaged! Let the sacred trumpet of the resurrection sound, and I engage to account to you for all the larcenies which I have considered myself called upon or was able to commit, either for the public interest or that of my book!!!"

"To you, Martial, Virgil, D'Aubigné, and Brantome, many pages of the first part will be restored. Dulaure, Mercier, Saint Foix, noble models, yours will be a pretty share too? To you, Balzac, Pelisson, Scarron, Amiot, Mezerai, Gassendi ; to you also, Plato, Ariosto, and Delille, to you belongs almost entirely the second part of the work!"

"We must render unto Cesar that which belongs to Cesar: accordingly, my masters, all will be restored to you; but wait a little, for if you don't, what, pray, will become of my book? Scarcely shall I be able to make twenty 18mo. pages of the ideas which belong to me in this large 8vo., and yet my hand trembles and my heart shrinks in seeing this poor child of a thousand fathers enter the world."

We have translated these passages from the preface for several reasons. 1st. They afford a key to the author's own mind, and convey some notion of the style and nature of the book. 2d. They embody a very fair critical opinion of its merits; and, lastly, they present as great a psychological curiosity as any to be found perhaps in the whole range of modern literature; and all that is wanting to complete its value, and give it a distinguished place in a museum of phrenological curiosities, is a good portrait of the author's own head. Had he but added himself to his contemporary characters, we should have been entirely satisfied, for verily he is as great a character as any

amongst them. We hope he will avail himself of this friendly suggestion in his next edition.

M. Poupin first discusses, but in a more serious and sensible strain, the general nature of the phrenological doctrines and gives some well-executed plates of the skull, brain, and head, with the situation of the organs marked on the latter. He then treats of the three classes of affective, moral, and intellectual faculties, and appends an illustrative portrait to each, in the following order :

Leopold Robert.
Henrion de Pensey.
Dr. Gall.

Casimir Pèrier.

Walter Scott.

Jacques Lafitte.
General Lamarque.
Baron Dupuytren.
Prince Talleyrand.
Paganini.
Fontaine.

Dr. Broussais.

M. Scribe.

Dupin, Ainé.
Bérangèr.
Lamartine.

Boissy d'Anglas.

Chateaubriand.

Silvio Pellico.
Hoffman.

Victor Hugo.

Jules Janin.

Henri Monnier.

Orfila.

Baron Gros.

Arago.
Ch. Dupin.
Paul Delaroche.
Captain d'Urville.
Ampère.
Cuvier.

Andrieux.

Lablache.

Rossini.

Silvester de Sacy.

Abbe de la Meinas.

Geoffroy St. Hilaire.

Such are the characters and portraits commented upon by M. Poupin, and in many respects better subjects could scarcely have been selected for examination, had the author gone more deeply and seriously into the inquiry. But at the very outset there is a certain incongruity which forced a smile in spite of ourselves. All the portraits appear in the usual way with the face turned. towards the reader, so that while we have likenesses of Dr. Gall, Casimir Périer, &c. for Amativeness and the other organs at the back of the head, we can see only their faces and foreheads, and can thus form no conception from looking at them what the size of the organs is which they are meant to illustrate. In themselves the portraits are, as we have said, admirably lithographed and worth the money, although many of them happen not to serve the purpose for which they were inserted.

The book is handsomely got up; and, although it betrays all the qualities indicated in the preface, still it abounds more in acute remarks, sound discrimination, and general good sense than one would expect from the preface alone. There is some eccentricity and youthful enthusiasm to correct in M. Poupin: but we leave him with a kindly feeling in the conviction that time will soon cure his more prominent faults, and farther experience enable him to turn the talent which he unquestionably possesses into a more regulated channel. All his aspirations are good, and he gives many indications of talent.

A. C.

X. La Phrenologie:- Journal des Applications de la Physiologie Animale à la Physiologie Sociale, par l'Observation exacte. Par MM. CH. PLACE, A. BERIGNY, Drs. m. p.; J. FLORENS, Avocat à la Cour Royale, Rédacteurs-Gérans. Tome 1. 1837-8.

THE Phrenological Journal of Paris has undergone several metamorphoses; but in its contents has still maintained its good character as a valuable collection of cases and essays. In April last, La Phrénologie commenced as a substitute for the Journal, according to the statement of its London publisher, M. Baillière. It now appears every ten days, in form of four quarto pages with treble columns. Several of the most eminent physicians and physiologists of Paris are amongst its contributors; and though we are too much pressed for space, to enter upon its contents at present, there are several cases and remarks which we should be glad to transfer to our own pages, in an abbreviated form. One case has been given on page 158.

VOL. XI. -N. S. NO. II.

of our present Number, and others of equal interest are scattered through the pages of La Phrénologie. Whilst adverting to the publication, we may take the opportunity of recommending its editors to ensure the regular transmission of copies to London. M. Baillière, of Regent Street, is nominally the publisher of the Paris Journal; but on the present editor of this Journal recently applying to him for the purchase of a full set, he could supply only six odd Numbers of the Paris Journal and a copy of La Phrénologie; and even expressed his belief (contrary to our assurance) that only those six odd Numbers of the Journal had been published. We shall continue to send a copy of the Phrenological Journal to the editors of La Phrénologie, and beg to be informed if they do not receive it with regularity. If they will regularly send La Phrénologie to us (in London, not Edinburgh), we shall be happy to send each of its editors a copy of our Journal in return, provided they signify any wish to have more than one copy.

XI. An Experimental Investigation into the Functions of the Eighth Pair of Nerves, or the Glosso-pharyngeal, Pneumogastric, and Spinal Accessory. By JOHN REID, M.D., &c.

WE alluded to this Essay, as it appeared in the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, while speaking of Dr. Elliotson's Human Physiology. (See page 164.) Since the notice of that work was in type, we have received a separate copy of the essay, through favour of the author, and briefly return to the subject of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve and its function, on account of its relation with the faculty of Alimentiveness, yet so little understood by phrenologists. Dr. Reid states that the sensation of thirst cannot depend entirely on this nerve, because animals voluntarily lapped water, after division of the nerve; also that the animals recognised bitter substances, after a perfect section of the nerves on both sides. We can scarcely entertain any doubt that the sensation of hunger is partly dependent on the portion of the brain called Alimentiveness by phrenologists, and there is thus some probability that the sensation of thirst may be at least influenced by the same cerebral part. It appears rather at variance with the simplicity or singleness of function usually observed in the same single organ, to say that a nerve of common sensibility (sensation of Dr. Reid and others) "participates" in the function of taste. Persons interested in the Physiology of the Nervous System will find Dr. Reid's

Phrenological Works in the Possession of Dr. Kröger. 195

essay well deserving of their attention; though we cannot help repeating our regret that hundreds and thousands of animals should be so painfully sacrificed by the various experimentalists, and the results be at present seen only in conclusions quite irreconcileable with each other.

XII. New Work by Mr. Combe.

MR. GEORGE COMBE has now in the press, and nearly ready, a work upon Phrenology which will be of great interest and usefulness to phrenologists and members of the medical profession. It will contain translations of Gall's Section on the Cerebellum, with those of Drs. Broussais and Vimont; and also many additional cases collected from other sources. - Answers by Mr. Combe and Dr. A. Combe, to the objections urged by some of the more celebrated opponents of Phrenology, as Rudolphi, Tiedemann, Roget, and Prichard- and a translation of Dr. Gall's Petition and Remonstrance to the Emperor Francis, on the occasion of being interdicted from lecturing in Vienna. The Volume is expected to contain about 320 pages, 8vo., and to be sold at 7s. 6d.

Amongst other works interesting to phrenologists (besides those named on the cover) are an Essay on the Classification of the Insane, by Dr. Allen, -Physiological Observations on Mental Susceptibility, by J. B. Johnson,-Changes in the Nervous System produced by Civilisation, by Dr. Verity, Dialogues between a Phrenologist and the Shade of Dugald Stewart, by Dr. Slade. These have been lately published; and there is also a work on Insanity, by Sir W. Ellis, advertised as nearly ready.

XIII. List of Books on Phrenology in the Possession of Dr. Kröger, of Hamburgh.*

1. Gall und Spurzheim's Untersuchungen über die Anatomie des Nervensystems und des Gehirns, ein dem Französischen Institute überreichtes Memoir. Paris and Strasburg, 1809. Same book in French. Paris. By Schöll.

* This List was alluded to in Mr. Combe's Letters from Germany,' in our last Number, page 32.