So, 12 x 12 x 12, or 1728, cubic inches make 1 cubic foot.

256. The ton in this Table is a measured ton; the avoirdupois ton is a ton of weight. Round timber is wood in its natural state. A ton of round timber consists of as much as, when hewn, will make 40 cubic feet.

257. A cord of wood is a pile, 8 ft. long, 4 ft. wide, and 4 ft. high. Multiplying these dimensions together, we find 128 cubic feet in the cord. One foot in length of such a pile is called a cord foot.

258. Cubic Measure is used in estimating the amount of work in solid masonry, in digging cellars, making embankments, &c.

259. The space contained in a cube or other solid is called its Solidity, or Solid Contents. To find the solid contents of a body with six faces perpendicular one to another, multiply its length, breadth, and depth together.

What does the engraving represent? How does it show that 27 cubic feet make 1 cubic yard? Recite the Table of Cubic Measure.-256. How does the ton in this Table differ from the avoirdupois ton? What is meant by round timber?-257. What is meant by a cord of wood?-258. What is Cubic Measure often used in estimating? -259. What is meant by Solidity or Solid Contents? Give the rule for finding the solidity of a body with six faces perpendicular one to another.

The dimensions must be in the same denomination, and the answer will be in the corresponding denomination of cubic measure. Thus, let it be required to find the solid contents of a box, 6 ft. long, 4 ft. wide, and 36 inches deep.

36 in. 3 ft. 6x4x3 = 72 cu. ft. Ans.

1. How many cubic inches in 43 cu. yd.? Ans. 2029536 cu. in. 2. Reduce 264384 cu. in. to cu. yd.

3. How many cubic feet in 120 cords?

Ans. 5 cu. yd. 18 cu. ft.

4. How many cords of wood in a pile, 25 feet long, 4 feet wide, and 8 feet high?

5. How many cords in a pile of wood, 48 feet long, 4 feet wide, and 10 feet high?

Ans. 15 Cd.

6. Reduce 56 cubic yards, 26 cubic feet, 943 cubic inches, to cubic inches.

7. What will it cost to dig a cellar, 30 ft. long, 20 ft. wide, and 9 ft. deep, at 62 cents a cubic yard? Ans. $125.

How many cubic feet in the cellar (§ 259)? How many cubic yards? Multiply by the price per cubic yard.

8. At 75 cents a cubic yard, what will it cost to dig a cellar, 36 ft. long, 18 ft. wide, and 10 ft. deep?

9. What will it cost to make an embankment containing 999999 cu. ft. of earth, at 70 cents a cubic yard?

10. At $3.50 a cord, what is the value of a pile of wood, 32 ft. long, 4 ft. wide, and 7 ft. high? Ans. $24.50. 11. At £1 5s. a cord, what is the value of a pile of wood, 48 ft. long, 10 ft. high, and 4 ft. wide?

12. How many cubic inches in 8 cords of wood?

LIQUID MEASURE.

Ans. £20.

260. Liquid or Wine Measure is used in measuring liquids generally; as, liquors (beer sometimes excepted), water, oil, milk, &c.

260. In what is Liquid or Wine Measure used?

=

pi.

=

=

hhd.

bar.

= =

gi.

qt.

1

gal.
1 =
31 =
63

2

8

32

126

=

252

1008

=

= 252 = 1008 = 2016 = 8064

42 gallons make 1 tierce (tier.); 2 tierces, 1 puncheon (pun.).

261. Liquids are put up in casks of different sizes, called barrels, tierces, hogsheads, puncheons, pipes or butts, and tuns; but these casks seldom contain the exact number of gallons assigned them in the Table. The contents are found by gauging, or actual measurement.-When the barrel is used in connection with the capacity of cisterns, vats, &c., 31 gallons are meant; in Massachusetts, 32 gallons.

262. The wine gallon of the United States, which is the same as the Winchester wine gallon of England, contains 231 cubic inches. The Imperial gallon, established in Great Britain by act of Parliament in 1825, contains 277.274 cubic inches, or about 1.2 of our wine gallons.

1. Reduce 30 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt. to gills.

Multiply 30 gal. by 4, to reduce them to quarts, and add in 3 qt. quarts thus obtained by 2, to reduce them to pints, and add in 1 pt.

pints thus obtained by 4, to reduce them to gills. 2. Reduce 72 gal. 1 pt. 3 gi. to gills.

3. Reduce 180024 gi. to hhd., &c.

Ans. 988 gi.

Multiply the
Multiply the

Ans. 2311 gi.

Ans. 89 hhd. 18 gal. 3 qt.

4. How many pipes are needed, to hold 23184 pt. of wine?

Recite the Table. How many gallons in a tierce? In a puncheon?-261. Name the casks of different sizes in which liquids are put up. How are their contents found? When the barrel is used in connection with the capacity of cisterns, how many gallons are generally meant? How many in Massachusetts ?-262. How many subic inches does the wine gallon of the United States contain? The Winchester wine gallon of England? The Imperial gallon?

7. How many pints in 1 tierce, of 42 gallons?

8. How many gills in 1 hd. holding 61 gall. 3 qt. 1 pt.? 9. How many pints in 3 tuns?

10. What cost 15 gal. of kerosene, at 20 c. a qt.? 11. What cost 24 qt. of wine, at $5.50 a gal. ? 12. What cost 32 qt. of oil, at 9s. a gal.? 13. How many quart bottles can be filled of rum?

Ans. $12.

Ans. $33. Ans. £3 12s.

from a puncheon Ans. 336 bottles.

14. How many gallons will a cistern hold that has a capacity of 10 barrels ?

15. Reduce the following to gills, and add the results: 15 gal. 1 pt.; 19 gal. 3 qt.; 14 pt. Ans. 1123 gills.

16. Reduce the following to gallons, and add the results: 740 qt.; 608 gi.; 312 pt. Ans. 243 gal.

17. A milkman mixes a gill of water with every pint of milk. How many gallons will he thus make out of 48 quarts of pure milk? Ans. 15 gal.

BEER MEASURE.

263. Beer Measure was formerly employed in measur ing beer and milk. It is now but little used, wine meas ure having for the most part taken its place.

TABLE.

2 pints (pt.) make 1 quart,

4 quarts,

36 gallons,

1 gallon,

qt. gal.

hhd.

14 barrels (54 gal.), 1 hogshead, .

263. In what was Beer Measure formerly employed? What is said of its use at

the present day? Recite the Table of Beer Measure.

The beer gallon contains 282 cubic inches.

The gallon, quart, and pint of this measure, are therefore greater than those of Wine Measure. 1 gal. beer measure = 147 gal. wine measure.

1. Reduce 3 hhd., beer measure, to quarts.
2. How many quarts in 5 barrels, beer measure?
3. Reduce 9640 pt. to barrels, beer measure.
4. At 7 c. a quart, what cost 5 bar. of beer?

5. What costs 1 hhd. of porter, at 12 c. a qt.?

Ans. $50.40.

Ans. $25.92.

6. If a barrel of ale costs $11.52, what is the cost per pt.? 7. One third of a hhd. of porter has leaked out. quart bottles can be filled from what remains?

How many

Ans. 144.

8. If a man buys a barrel of beer for $8.75, and retails it at 9 c. a quart, how much does he make?

DRY MEASURE.

Ans. $4.21.

264. Dry Measure is used in measuring grain, seeds, vegetables, roots, fruit, salt, coal, and other articles not liquid.

How many cubic inches does the beer gallon contain? How many wine gallons does 1 beer gallon equal?-264. In what is Dry Measure used? Recite the Table.