TREATISE ON PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY: FOR COLLEGES, SCHOOLS, AND PRIVATE STUDENTS. WRITTEN FOR THE MATHEMATICAL COURSE OF JOSEPH RAY, M. D., BY ELI T. TAPPAN, M. A., PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS, MT. AUBURN INSTITUTE. CINCINNATI: SARGENT, WILSON & HINKLE. NEW YORK: CLARK & MAYNARD. 148.67.800 EducTHE BEST AND CHEAPEST. RAY'S MATHEMATICAL COURSE. Each Book complete in itself, and sold separately. PRIMARY ARITHMETIC, OR FIRST BOOK: Simple Mental Lessons and INTELLECTUAL ARITHMETIC, OR SECOND BOOK: the most interesting For PRACTICAL ARITHMETIC, OR THIRD BOOK: a full and practical treat- HIGHER ARITHMETIC, OR FOURTH BOOK: the principles of Arithme- ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA, OR FIRST BOOK: a simple, thorough, and KEYS TO ARITHMETICS AND ALGEBRAS: embracing full and lucid ELEMENTS OF GEOMETRY: a comprehensive work on Plane and TRIGONOMETRY AND MENSURATION: Plane and Spherical Trigo- SURVEYING AND NAVIGATION: Surveying and Leveling, Navigation, Barometric Hights, etc. (Preparing.) To be followed by others, forming a complete Mathematical Course for Schools and Colleges. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, by In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the Electrotyped at the Franklin Type Foundry, Cincinnati. THE science of Elementary Geometry, after remaining nearly stationary for two thousand years, has, for a century past, been making decided progress. This is owing, mainly, to two causes: discoveries in the higher mathematics have thrown new light upon the elements of the science; and the demands of schools, in all enlightened nations, have called out many works by able mathematicians and skillful teachers. Professor Hayward, of Harvard University, as early as 1825, defined parallel lines as lines having the same direction. Euclid's definitions of a straight line, of an angle, and of a plane, were based on the idea of direction, which is, indeed, the essence of form. This thought, employed in all these leading definitions, adds clearness to the science and simplicity to the study. In the present work, it is sought to combine these ideas with the best methods and latest discoveries of the most distinguished writers on Geometry. By careful arrangement of topics, the theory of each class of figures is given in uninterrupted connection. No attempt is made to exclude any method of demonstration, but rather to present examples of all. In explaining the doctrine of limits, the axiom stated by Dr. Whewell is given in the words of that eminent scholar. |