Logic

APPENDIX I.

CONSECUTIVE EXERCISES.

EXERCISE I.

EXPLAIN the distinction in the following pairs of terms:

The hero of Waterloo,
Wellington.

Silence, Incorporeal,
Speech. Corporeal.

Point out which of the following divisions are logical, and which are physical; and specify when and wherein the rules of division are violated :

A plant may be divided into-root, buds, stalk, leaves, flower, fruit, &c.

The stalks of plants are divided into the caulis, calmus, scapus, pedunculus, petiolus, frons, and stipes.

A flower may be divided into the calyx, corolla, stamina, pistils, &c.

Animals are divided into pisces, insecta, vermes.

-mammalia, aves, amphibia,

Natural history is divided into three kingdoms,-the animal, mineral, and vegetable.

Earths are divided into-lime, alumina, potter's clay, silicia, flint, &c.

Rocks are divided into the following formations-alluvial, transition, primitive, volcanic.

Rocks are divided into-primitive, siliceous, argillaceous, transition, floetz, stratified, alluvial, volcanic, granite, slate, trap, basaltes, &c.

EXERCISE IV.

Point out the genus and difference in the following definitions:

A magnet is an iron-ore having attraction for iron.

A dragon is an animal breathing fire.

Architecture is the art of building.

A triangle is a three-sided figure.

Laurel-water is a liquor distilled from laurel-leaves.

Gold is the heaviest metal.

Alexander was the greatest of Conquerors.

EXERCISE V.

Define by genus and difference the following terms :—

Specify the subject, predicate, and copula in the following propositions :

Time is infinitely precious. Great is the work of life.
Exercise is beneficial. He is present.

He is walking. Walking is pleasant.
"Sweet is the breath of the morn."
Not to improve is to grow worse.

I hope to succeed. Miserable is the slave.

The British conquered. Conscience condemns him.
It is criminal to put to death an innocent man.
The impertinence of conceit is unworthy of notice.

EXERCISE VII.

How are propositions distinguished as sentences?
Give examples of categorical and hypothetical propositions.
How are propositions distinguished as to their form?
Give examples of pure and modal propositions.

How are propositions distinguished as to their matter?
Give examples of true and false propositions.

How are propositions distinguished as to their quality and quantity?

Give examples of affirmative and negative, and of universal and particular propositions.

EXERCISE VIII.

Distinguish by their appropriate symbols the following propositions; and explain in which the subject is distributed, and in which the predicate :—

All men are mortal. Solomon was wise.
Birds have wings. Birds are not carnivorous.
Some men are wicked. No man is perfect.
Sin is no trifle. Some beasts are not bipeds.
Every vice is hurtful. The contented only are happy.

EXERCISE IX.

Describe and illustrate by examples Subalternation. Describe the three kinds of Conversion; and convert legitimately the propositions given as examples in Exercise VIII. Describe the three kinds of Opposition; and state the maxims thence deduced.

EXERCISE X.

Point out the major, middle, and minor terms; and the major and minor premises, in the following Syllogisms :— All predacious animals are carnivorous : The tiger is a predacious animal; therefore, The tiger is carnivorous.

Some who are rich are penurious:

None who are penurious are happy; therefore,
Some who are rich are not happy.