How is the Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division of Federal Money, performed? Ans. As in Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division of Decimal Fractions.

Note. The scholar should be required to repeat here, the rule for pointing off in Multiplication, and Division of Decimals, that he may more fully understand the following examples.

How much do,05 make multiplied by ,05. Ans. ,0025.

How much do 5 cents multiplied by 5 cents make? Ans. 2 mills, and.

How much do 25 cents make multiplied by 2 cents? Ans. 5 mills.

How much do 10. dollars make, multiplied by 10 Ans. 1 dollar.

cents.

How much do 5 dollars, make multiplied by 20 cents. Ans. 1 dollar.

What is the quotient of ,0025 divided by ,05. Ans. ,05.

What is the quotient of 2 mills and m. or,0025 divided by 5 cents? Ans. 5 cents.

What is the quotient of ,005 or 5 mills divided by ,02 or 2 cents. Ans. 25 cents.

What is the quotient of 1 dollar divided by 10 cents? Ans. 10 dollars.

What is the quotient of 10 mills, divided by 10 mill? Ans. 1 dollar.

What is the quotient of 1 cent divided by 1 cent? Ans. 1 dollar.

What is the quotient of one dime divided by one dime? Ans. 1 dollar.

Note.-It may be a pleasing exercise, to prove the foregoing sums, as it is easily done by the rule for proving Simple Multiplication and Division, observing to point off according to the rules in Decimal Fractions.

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REDUCTION OF DECIMALS.

Are pounds, shillings, and pence, the same value in all countries? Ans. The value differs in different

Countries.

How was the value formerly in England and her American colonies? Ans. The same.

What occasioned this variety of value? Ans. The legislatures of these colonies emitted, or put in circulation bills which depreciated in various degrees.

How many shillings a dollar in the New-England States, Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee? Ans.6. How many New-England States are there? Ans.6. Name them. Ans. New-Hampshire,

Massachusetts,

Rhode-Island,

Connecticut,

Vermont.

Maine.

How many shillings a dollar in New-York and North Carolina currency? Ans. 8.

How many shillings a dollar in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland currency? Ans. 7s. 6d.

How many shillings a dollar in South Carolina, and Georgia currency? Ans. 4s. 8d.

How many shillings a dollar in Nova Scotia, and Canada currency? Ans. 5 shillings.

How many shillings a dollar in sterling money? Ans. 4s. 6d.

To reduce the currencies of the different States, or any currency to Federal Money, how do you do? Ans. Bring it into shillings, pence, &c. so that you can divide shillings by shillings, &c. and divide too by the whole number of shillings, pence, or farthings in a dollar.

Note. It has been thought best to give one general rule for the reduction of all currencies, although it may be somewhat longer, that the learner may avoid the perplexity, and confusion, arising from a multiplicity of rules, when one will solve all the questions.

EXAMPLES.

How do you bring £100 New Jersey currency into dollars? Ans. Multiply by 20 and 12; then divide by 90, the pence in 7 s. 6d.

How bring £100 sterling, to Federal Money. Ans. Multiply by 20 and 12; then divide by 54, the pence in 4s. 6d.

SINGLE PROPORTION, OR RULE OF THREE.

What is the process, by which the use of three numbers known, teaches to find a fourth, which is supposed to be unknown, called? Ans. Single Proportion, or Rule of Three.

Of how many kinds is it? Ans. 2.

What are they? Ans. Rule Three of direct and Inverse.

When more requires more, or less requires less which rule is the sum in? Ans. Rule of Three Direct.

When does more require more? Ans. More requires more, when the third sum is more than the first, and requires the fourth term, or answer, to be more than the second.

When does less require less? Ans.Less require less, when the third term is less than the first, and requires the fourth term, or answer, to be less than the second.

What is the fourth nnmber called when found? Ans. The answer.

In stating your sum, what must the middle, on second term be like? Ans. The answer.

For instance, suppose your answer is money, what must your middle term be? Ans. Money.

Suppose it is some denomination in Troy Weight, what must the middle term be? Ans. Some denomination in that weight.

What term must you make that number that bought, cost, or produced the second? Ans. The first.

In the following sum, you buy a hogshead of molasses for 6s. 9d. per gallon, how much will it come to, and which do you make the first term in stating? Ans. 1 gallon.

Why? Ans. Because 1 gallon cost 6s. 9d.

What make the middle term? Ans. 6s. 9d.

Why? Ans. Because the answer is to be money. What make the third term? Ans. 1 hogshead or 63 gallons.

Why? Ans. Because the third term must be like the first.

How must the first and third be brought if of differnt denominations? Ans. To the same denomination.

How reduce the middle term? Ans. To the lowest denomination in it.

Which terms multiply together? Ans. The second and third.

Which divide by! Ans. The first

What will your answer come out in? Ans. In the same denomination, the middle term was left in. For example: suppose your middle term was left in seconds, what is your answer in? Ans. Seconds. Suppose you have a remainder in dividing, what must you do? Ans. multiply by as many of the next denomination, as make one of this.

How may the denomination, which the answer same out in be brought? Ans. Into any other required.

In proving your sums, what make the first term? Ans. The answer.

What make the second term? Ans. The Third.
What make the third? Ans. The second.
How proceed then? Ans. Multiply and divide as

in doing the sum.

How tell if it be right?

Ans. Your quotient or

answer will be like the term which was made the first in doing the sum.

For example how state?

Why?

How perform?

And prove the following sums.

EXAMPLES.

If 20 yards of cloth cost 30 dollars, what cost 6

9 dol. because the 2d is dollars. Does more require more, or less require less in the above sum? Ans. Less requires less.

Repeat when less requires less, and more requires

more.

How does less require less in the foregoing sum? Ans. The yards of cloth to be bought are less than what were bought; hence it is plain that it wil take less money to buy a less number of yards of cloth, i. e. the less cloth the less money.