675 the time during which a condition lasts, are indicated by the διελεῖν ; εἶπε ; αναμνησω; κρύψω; κατένειμε, αφείλετο ; You accusative without a preposition : Place. απέχει η Πλαταια των Θηβῶν σταδιους ἑβδομηκοντα remain this day. EXERCISES.-GREEK-ENGLISH. are to give the root in each case, and conjugate the part. Explain the augment in these verbs--αφειλετο ; εδιδάξατο ; ετελεύτησεν ; ὡρκωσε; εἶπε ημφιεσε. Explain in full the constructions, Μελήτου γεγραμμένου αυτόν την γραφην ; ου σε κρύψω την εμην γνωμην, Mark exactly how the English differs from the Greek in καλοῦσι με τοῦτο το όνομα. To which class of verbs does Kaλour belong? Write out the verb in full; including the middle voice and the passive as well as the active. why of the verbs ἱππευειν, τοξεύειν, αληθιζεσθαι. Decline these nouns-Σωκράτην ; φῦλον ; πατηρ ; τεχνῖται γνώμην ; Αθηναίων; γλῶτταν; χιτῶνα; τέλος; σφαιρᾷ. ENGLISH-GREEK. what (τι) did Miletus accuse Socrates? Ο Φωκικος πολεμος αειμνηστον παιδειαν τους Θηβαίους επαίδευσεν. Σωκρατης, ηδη Μελήτου γεγραμμενου αυτον την γραφην, περι παντων μαλλον η περι της δικης διελέγετο. Θρασύβουλος άρκωσε παντας τους στρατιωτας τους μεγιστους όρκους, ου χρη μιμησεις πονηρας μιμεῖσθαι τους πολεμίους. ποιον αυτον ονομαζει πατηρ ; καλοῦσι με τοῦτο το ονομα. Ο Ονομα Σωκρατης δικαιος όντως ην, ὥστε βλαπτειν μηδε μικρον μηδενα, ωφελεῖν δε τα μέγιστα τους χρωμένους ἑαυτῷ. Πολλα αν τις έχοι Σωκράτην επαινεσαι. Ουδε ταδε αιτιώμαι τον Θεόν. Των Socrates of impiety (ασεβεια). They discourse respecting the συμμοριῶν ἑκαστην διελεῖν κελευω πεντε μέρη. Η γη τους | trial. Pericles makes the Athenians swear an oath. Boys αριστα θεραπευοντας αυτην πλεῖστα αγαθα αντιποιεῖ. πονηροι αει τι κακον εργαζονται τους εγγυτατω ἑαυτών οντας. Helen. I assist my associates in the best things. They ask Oi imitate the bad deeds of boys. (By) what name do they call Πολλα κακα εἶπεν ανθρωπους. Πᾶς τις το γυναικεῖον φύλον all good from God. I divide the kingdom into five parts. your father? They call me Alexander. They call my sister κακα πολλ' αγορευει. Ταυτα με ποιοῦσιν. Ταυτα μοι ποιοῦσιν. Good men do good to good men; bad men to bad. The Ου φροντιστέον ὁ τι εροῦσιν οἱ πολλοι ἡμᾶς. Ο χρονος και ἡ wicked speak ill of the good. That bad boy spoke ill of his εμπειρια τα μη καλῶς ἔχοντα εκδιδασκει τους ανθρωπους. father. Good children will always speak well of their parents. Ποιοῦσιν οἱ τεχνῖται ἡ οἱ διδασκαλοι αυτους επαιδευσαν. Τρια He takes no fee from his pupils. He took the coat from the μονα τους παῖδας παιδευουσιν οἱ Περσαι, ίππευειν και τοξεύειν much good. I teach my children one thing, virtue. They man and put it on himself. He will deprive his family of και αληθιζεσθαι. Αναμνήσω ὑμας τους τῶν προγονων τῶν reminded the soldiers of their valour of old. Ask truly good ἡμετέρων κινδυνους. Ου σε κρυψω την εμην γνωμην. Ερωτῶ things from God. I have asked God for wisdom and virtue. σε τας των φίλων τυχας. Νῦν δε εμε πολλοι οικεται σῖτον Thou teachest young men the Attic language. They hide αιτοῦσι, πολλοι δε ἱματια. Τἀγαθα αιτοῦμεν τους θεους. Σω- their misfortune from all men. The queen appointed Wellingκράτης ουδενα των συνόντων επραξατο τῆς συνουσίας μισθον. and honour. He tries to make the lie true. The city conΓλώτταν τε την Αττικήν και τροπους τῶν Αθηναίων εδιδασκον tinued at war six months. ton general. I consider knowledge and self-controul riches τους παῖδας. Κῦρος το στρατευμα κατένειμε δώδεκα μερη. Τον μονον μοι και φίλον παῖδα αφειλετο την ψυχην. Την τιμην αποστερεί με; κρυπτώ σε το ατυχημα. Παῖς μεγας, μικρον ἔχων χιτῶνα, ἕτερον παῖδα μικρον, μέγα ἔχοντα χιτῶνα, εκδυσας | αυτον, τον μεν εαυτοῦ ἐκεῖνον ημφιεσε, τον δε εκείνου αυτος ενεδυ. Ο Κυρος τον Γωβρύαν απεδειξε στρατηγον. Πλουτον και τιμην και δοξαν αγαθα νομίζουσιν οἱ πολλοι. Τον θανατον ου κακον ἡγεῖσθαι χρη, αλλα κακῶν ἀπαλλαγην. Θεμιστοκλης | Κλεοφαντον τον υἱὸν ἱππεα εδιδαξατο αγαθόν. Το ψεῦδος ου δυνασαι αληθες ποιεῖν. Η Εφεσος απεχει απο Σαρδέων τριῶν ἡμερων όδον. Ὁ Αρχέλαος κατασχων τρεῖς η τέτταρες ήμερας την τυραννίδα ετελευτησεν. Ευδαιμονέσταται πολεις λεγονται αἱ αν πλειστον χρόνον εν ειρηνη διατελῶσιν. Αἱ σπονδαι ενιαυτον έσονται. Συμμορία, ας, ή, participation ; historically a division or class of sixty opulent Athenians, who, in common, had to provide resources for war; there were in all twenty συμμορίαι, or classes. Το γυν. φῦλον, “ the female tribe;” spoken contemptuously. Σωκ. επρα. της συνουσίας, Socrates took no fee, “no reward Ίππευς, εως, a horseman “ taught him to be a good horseman.” Why is αειμνηστος in the form of αειμνηστον, while its noun, παιδεια, is of the feminine gender: What parts of the verbs are these-επαιδευσα ; γεγραμμενου ; διελέγετο ; ὡρκωσε; μιμεῖσθαι; επαινεσαι; αιτιῶμαι; | POETIC IDIOM. reading of Greek prose. For the most part, in consequence, These lessons are chiefly designed as an introduction to the been conâned to Greek prose, and specially to the Attic the remarks, the paradigms, the rules and the examples, have writers. Yet, as something like completeness is aimed at, now and then an observation has been made as to poetic usage. In older manuals, the diction of prose and the diction of poetry were confusedly blended together. examples of Greek usage found in Matthia's excellent Greek In the rich treasury of poets take great licence; and a construction, or a word, which Grammar, very many are from the poets. But in all languages is very good in poetry, may be inadmissible in prose. Hence, the necessity of distinguishing between the two in grammatical treatises, and of limiting the matter to prose usage in a manual intended to instruct students in the art of reading prose. Nevertheless, as poetic usage is-as poetic usage-good Greek, so a student should not, even at an early period of his studies, be left entirely ignorant of it, especially as it is only by some acquaintance with it that he can appreciate the difference of ledge of poetic idiom desirable, because the words of the lanpoetic usage from prose usage. And the rather is some knowguage are often presented by it in their simpler forms, so as to lead the pupil to an acquaintance with the primitives of the Greek, which, as I have already intimated, are not very learners, to form some faint conception (more, here, I cannot hope for) with the idiom of Greek poetry, I shall lay before In order, therefore, to assist you, my fellowyou a number of Γνωμαι, that is, apothegms, proverbs, or pithy sayings, taken from ancient Greek writers. numerous. 6. Όπα Λιος ουκ αλεγουσι φενακες. 7. Θεου δίδοντος, ουδεν ισχύει φθονος. 8. Θεου μη διδοντος, ουδεν ισχυει πονος. 9. Ρημα θεῖον κανων βιου. 10. Ον φιλεῖ Θεος θνησκει νεος. VOCABULARY. 2. Moσvvn, ns, ǹ (from μevw), a dwelling-place, a tower. 3. Xopos, ou, ò (our choir), an assembly; ayaw, I make to shine, mid. I rejoice. 4. Eik (an archaism), I resemble; compare εikwv, an image. 5. Αγκυλη, ης, ή, an arrow; ἦτορ, ορος, το, heart, spirit. 6. Aleyw (an Homeric word), I care for, I attend to; pɛvažakoç, ó, a flatterer. 9. Kavwv, ovoç, ò, a reed or staff; hence, a measure or rule. 10. Arrange thus, θνησκει νεος ὁν Θεος φιλεῖ. Let it be observed that I do not give the meaning of those words which I think the scholar ought to be acquainted with; nor do I explain constructions in which he ought to find no difficulty. Too much assistance is almost as bad as too little. If the student has made out the lists of words I requested, he will easily be able to refresh his memory from his own Simple Tenses. Soprascrivere, to put the direc- tion Trascrivere, to transcribe Sólvere, to untie. Present: sólvere, to untie Present Gerund: solvendo, un- Past Gerund: avendo soluto,. INFINITIVE MOOD. Compound Tenses. Past: avere soluto, to have un tied having untied INDICATIVE MOOD. solvè or sólse, he untied tying Past Participle: soluto, untied Solveva or solvéa, I was untying solvévi, thou wast untying solveva or solvéa, he was un tying solvevámo, we were untying solveváte, you were untying solvévano or solvéano, were untying they Indeterminate Preterite. Solvéi or sólsi, I untied solvésti, thou untiedst solvémme, we untied solvéste, you untied solvérono or sólsero, they un tied IMPERATIVE MOOD. [No First Person.] Sólvi, untie (thou) sólva, let him untie solviámo, let us untie solvéte, untie (ye or you) sólvano, let them untie SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD Present. Che sólva, that I may untie che sólva, that thou mayst untie che sólva, that he may untie che solviámo, that we may untie che solciate, that you may untie che sólvano, that they may untie Vivo, I live INDICATIVE MOOD. Present. vivéste, you lived víssero, they lived LESSONS IN SPANISH.-No. XIV. CONJUGATION.-Continued. IRREGULAR VERBS. THE irregular verbs in Spanish are such as do not conform exactly in their manner of conjugation to the model verbs (amar, comer, vivir). The deviations of each irregular verb are in most cases but slight, yet important to be known, as Viverò or vivrò, I shall or will most of the irregular verbs are in general use. live Future. : viverái, thou wilt live There are thirty-nine of the different irregular verbs: seven of the first conjugation, seventeen of the second, and fifteen of the third. Many of these differ but very slightly from each other. All the irregular verbs are conjugated like some one of these thirty-nine forms. Four of these, haber, ser, estar, and tener, have already been conjugated. Those verbs which undergo slight changes in the verb-roots or verb-endings of certain tenses or persons of tenses, are not or that account deemed irregular, since these changes take vivevano or vivéano, they were Viverei, vivréi, or vivería, I place solely to preserve regularity and uniformity of sound, vivevate, you were living living Indeterminate Preterite. should or would live. viverémmo, we would live which would be dissimilar in some cases if these changes did Remark. In the following conjugations of the irregular verbs, those persons of the moods and tenses only which deviate from the regular conjugation are given. Thus, in the first verb, andar, no tense of the indicative mood except the perfect definite is given, because this verb is conjugated regularly in the other tenses of this mood. In the second verb, contar, the first and second persons plural of the present indicative are not given, because these persons are regular. The persons not included in the conjugation are regular. We student is therefore to remember that all moods, tenses, and have, however, in all cases given the participle and gerund, whether formed regularly or not. CONJUGATIONS OF IRREGULAR VERBS. INFINITIVE MOOD. Present. -ire Pres. Ger. -éndo Past Part. Ito Anduvieras, anduvicses, |