20. The United States exported in bullion and specie, in 1838, 3508046 dollars; in 1839, 8776743 dollars; in 1840, 8417014 dollars; in 1841, 10034332 dollars. much was exported during these four years?

How

Ans. 30736135 dollars.

21. Amount of tea consumed in the United States, during 1842, was 13482645 pounds; during 1843, it was 12785748 pounds; in 1844, it was 13054327 pounds; in 1845, it was 17162550 pounds; and in 1846 it was 16891020 pounds. What was the whole number of pounds during these five years?

Ans. 73376290 pounds.

22. The amount of coffee consumed in the United States, during the year 1842, was 107383567 pounds; in 1843, it was 85916666 pounds; in 1844, it was 149711820 pounds; in 1845, it was 94358939 pounds, and in 1846 it was 124336054 pounds. What was the whole number

of pounds during these five years?

Ans. 561707046 pounds.

23. The number of acres of public land sold by the United States government, in the year 1841, was 1164796 acres; in the year 1842, it was 1129217 acres; in 1843, it was 1605264 acres; in 1844, it was 1754763 acres; and in 1845 it was 1843527 acres. What was the whole number of acres sold during these five years?

Ans. 7497567 acres. 24. The United States revenue for letter postage, under the new law, was as follows: for the year 1842, it was 3953315 dollars; for 1843, it was 3738307 dollars; for 1844, it was 3676162 dollars; and for 1845 it was 3660231 dollars. What was the whole number of dollars during these four years? Ans. 15028015 dollars.

the pupil to find the total number of pounds, as well as dollars, for the whole number of years given, or for any particular years within the limits of the table; and as it is very desirable for the pupil to be quick and accurate in the addition of numbers, it will be well for the teacher to extend to considerable length the exercises which may be drawn from the above statistics.

SUBTRACTION OF SIMPLE NUMBERS.

12. SUBTRACTION is taking a less number from a greater.

The greater number is called the minuend, and the smaller number is called the subtrahend; the result is called the remainder or difference.

The symbol for subtraction is When this symbol is placed between two numbers, it indicates that the second is to be subtracted from the first. Thus, 8-5, denotes that 5 is to be taken from 8. The remainder being 3, we have 8-5-3.

The symbol is generally read minus; a Latin word meaning less.

What is Subtraction? What is the greater number called? What is the smaller number called? What is the result called? What symbol is used to denote Subtraction?

By using this symbol, we may form the following

EXAMPLES.

1. In which no figure of the subtrahend is larger than the corresponding figure in the minuend.

4 2

1 difference.

units' column and subtract—

5 from 6 leaves 1; place the one

under the units' column, and so proceed with each suc

ceeding column.

From 687 subtract 486.

Ans. 201.

From 7949 subtract 5438.

From 69975 subtract 59831.

From 879465 subtract 729355.

From 987654321 subtract 821350011.

Ans. 2511.

Ans. 10144.

Ans. 150110.

Ans. 166304310.

2. In which some of the figures of the subtrahend are larger than the corresponding figures of the minuend, From 867 subtract 496.

7 hundred, 16 tens, and 7 units, [7] [16] =8 hundred, 6 tens, and 7 units, $

67 minuend.

Place the minuend and subtrahend as in the preceding example. Begin at the units' column; 6 from 7 leaves 1. Passing to the tens' figure of the subtrahend, which is 9, we see that it cannot be subtracted from the corresponding figure of the minuend. But we know (ART. 10,) that 1 of any order is equal to 10 of the next lower order. We therefore take 1 from the hundreds' figure, leaving that figure 7, (which we place in brackets over the 8, marking out the 8,) and counting the 1 hundred as 10 tens, we add it to the 6 tens, making 16 tens, which sum we place in brackets over the 6 and mark out the 6. We now say 9

from 16 leaves 7; 4 from 7 leaves 3.

From 959 subtract 678.

From 767 subtract 349.

From 8965 subtract 7774.

From 52475 subtract 19304.

Ans. 281.

Ans. 418.

Ans. 1191.

Ans. 33171.

3. We will now give an example of a more difficult

operation.

From 8053 subtract 4967.

Place the minuend and subtrahend as before. Commence at the units' column. We cannot subtract the 7 from the 3, as the subtrahend figure is the larger. We therefore take 1 from the tens' figure of the minuend, leaving that figure, 4, (which we place in

[7] [x] [4] [13]

brackets over the 5, mark

ing out the 5,) and counting the 1 ten as ten units, we