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II. Separate the decimals into periods of 3 figures each, counting from the decimal point toward the right, and proceed as in whole numbers.

NOTE. If the given number has not an exact root, there will be a remainder after all the periods have been brought down. The process may be continued by annexing ciphers for new periods.

EXAMPLES.

1. What is the cube root of 0.469640998917?

Ans. 0.7773.

2. What is the cube root of 18.609625? Ans. 2.65. 3. What is the cube root of 1.25992105?

4. What is the cube root of 2?

5. What is the cube root of 9 ?

6. What is the cube root of 3?

Ans. 1.08005.

Ans. 1.2599. Ans. 2.08008.

Ans. 1.4422.

CASE III.

To extract the cube root of a vulgar fraction, or mixed number, we have this

RULE.

I. Reduce the fraction, or mixed number, to its simplest fractional form.

11. Extract the cube root of the numerator and denominator separately, if they have exact roots, but when they have not, reduce the fraction to a decimal, and then extract the root by Case II.

26*

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3. What is the cube root of 174? Ans. 2·577, nearly.

4. What is the cube root of 54? 5. What is the cube root of $1? 6. What is the cube root of

?

Ans. 1726, nearly. Ans. 0.9353, nearly. Ans. 0.8736, nearly.

EXAMPLES INVOLVING THE PRINCIPLES OF THE CUBE ROOT.

136. It is an established theorem of geometry, that all similar solids are to each other as the cubes of their like dimensions.

1. If a cannon-ball, 3 inches in diameter, weigh 8 pounds, what will a ball of the same metal weigh, whose diameter is 4 inches?

By the above theorem, we have

33: 438 pounds : 183 pounds,

for the answer.

2. The celebrated Stockton gun, which, in bursting, proved so fatal to many of our distinguished citizens, is said to have carried a ball 12 inches in diameter, which weighed 238 pounds. What ought to be the diameter of another ball of the same metal, which should weigh 32 pounds?

3×123=232-336 inches nearly cube of the diameter of the ball sought.

Hence,

232-336-6.1476 inches nearly, the diameter

of the ball required.

3. A cooper having a cask 40 inches long and 32 inches at the bung diameter, wishes to make another cask of the same shape, which shall contain just twice as much. What will be the dimensions of the new cask?

Ans. {

(402-50-3968 inches, nearly, for length.

322=40·3175 inches, nearly, for diameter.

4. What is the side of a cube, which will contain as much as a chest 8 feet 3 inches long, 3 feet wide, and 2 feet 7 inches deep? Ans. 47.984 inches, nearly. 5. How many cubic quarter inches can be made out of a cubic inch?

Ans. 64.

6. Required the dimensions of a rectangular box, which shall contain 20000 solid inches, the length, breadth, and depth being to each other, as 4, 3, and 2.

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If we were to augment the width of this box, so as to make it as wide as it is long, its volume would become 4 of 20000 26666. Again, if we augment the depth of this new box, so that it may be as deep as it is wide, and as it is long, its volume will become 2 times 26666 =533334, which is the contents of a cubical box, whose side is equal to the length of the original box. Hence,

5333337-641, nearly, for the length. The width is of this length, and the depth is this length.

NOTE. For a more complete treatise on the square and cube root, as well as the roots of all powers, see Higher Arithmetic.

ARITHMETICAL PROGRESSION.

137. A SERIES of numbers, which succeed each other regularly, by a common difference, is said to be in arithmetical progression.

When the terms are constantly increasing, the series is an arithmetical progression ascending.

When the terms are constantly decreasing, the series is an arithmetical progression descending.

Thus, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, &c., is an ascending arithmetical progression; and 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, is a descending arithmetical progression.

The terms of an arithmetical progression may be frac tional. Thus, in the progressions,

1, 1, 11, 2, 21, 3, 31, 4, 41, &c.;

,, 1, 1, 1, 2, 24, 2, 3, &c.

The first has a common difference of; the second has a common difference of §.

In arithmetical progression, there are five things to be considered:

1. The first term. 2. The last term.

3. The common difference.

4. The number of terms.

5. The sum of all the terms.

These quantities are so related to each other, that any three of them being given, the remaining two can be found.

We will demonstrate one or two of the most important

cases.

When are numbers in arithmetical progression? When is the progression ascending? When is it descending? Are the numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, &c., in ascending or descending arithmetical progression? Mention the five quantities to be considered in arithmetical progression. How many of these must be given in order to be able to find the others?

CASE I.

By our definition of an ascending arithmetical progression, it follows that the second term is equal to the first, increased by the common difference; the third is equal to the first, increased by twice the common difference; the fourth is equal to the first, increased by three times the common difference; and so on, for the succeeding term.

Hence, when we have given the first term, the common difference, and the number of terms, to find the last term, we have this

RULE.

To the first term add the product of the common difference into the number of terms, less one.

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