ficient number of children for the establishment of a stationary or fixed school. *

There are in several parts of the country, seminaries for the Education of these teachers, in order to render them capable of their task; and it is the intention of the government to form more seminaries of this description as soon as the funds allowed for public instruction permit.

At present, there are in Norway, in the country districts, 183 fixed schools, in which 13,693 children of both sexes are instructed, and 1,610 ambulatory schools, with 132,632 childrent Besides these there are, in the vicinity of towns, 55 regular schools, supported by the citizens, in which about 600 or 700 children are instructed in the branches before mentioned. - Lon. Journ. of Education.

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SCHOOLS OF ARTS.

In Christiania, there is a School of Arts, supported at the public expense, where 200 pupils, principally the children of artizans, are gratuitously instructed in reading, writing, arithmetic, geography and the German language. There is a private school, of the same character at Drontheim. — lb.

SEMINARY FOR TEACHERS AT HOFWYL.

While this sheet was preparing for the press, we received a series of pamphlets and papers from the founder of Hofwyl, which give a very interesting account of the measures taken there for the instruction of teachers. We have only time to state a few facts.

Our readers may remember what we have before stated, that Fellenberg formerly established a course of lectures for teachers; but that the aristocratical government of Berne forbade them to resort to Hofwyl for instruction, on pain of losing their places. Since the overthrow of the aristocracy, the Board of Education, under the new constitution, have established a Teachers' Seminary, to be located near Hofwyl, in order to enjoy some of its privileges. As the buildings were not ready the last summer, some of the buildings of Hofwyl were offered and accepted for their use; and one hundred teachers were received there for three months, to be instructed by the officers chosen by government, with the gratuitous aid of Fellenberg and his teachers.

The director of the new institution was unfortunately chosen in haste, and in the absence of most of the Board of Education. He told his pupils that he was entirely unacquainted with children, and as is stated by many of them, gave ample evidence of it, by teaching much that was useless for common schools, and omitting or curtailing those portions of the course which were most important. We regret such a result at the

* The circuit or circulating schools, which have so long been known in some parts of Great Britain, especially in Wales and the Scotch Highlands, had their origin in similar circumstances. Something similar has recently been proposed for the Western and Southern portions of the United States. There can be no doubt of their immense importance, when rightly managed, not only to thickly settled countries and states, but even in a dense population like New England.

ED.

Including a few thousand children of the same ages in higher schools, this is not far from one child at school for every seven of the whole population. The proportion is equal to that of any European country with which we are acquainted; and as it does not include those under seven years of age, is nearly as great as that of the same ages in New England and New York. ED.

outset of an undertaking so important; but we rejoice that the means and the disposition exist to furnish a better course of instruction, as we learn from the following paragraph of Mr Fellenberg's letter.

'I have wished very much that you could be present at the normal course of instruction which I am about to open, for one hundred teachers, from all parts of Switzerland. They will be instructed and provided for gratuitously, and entirely at my own expense. I have not asked for aid, that we might not be embarrassed, as we were during the last year. If you know any American, interested in education, who can pass some time with us to witness this course, in his tour through Europe, it would gratify us, and might be useful to your own country.'

BERNE ASSOCIATION OF TEACHERS.

The same documents from Hofwyl also contain an account of an Association of Teachers at Berne, which promises great usefulness, but of which our limits do not allow us to say more at present.

SCHOOL OF ARTS AT LYONS.

A school is established at Lyons in France, for the express purpose of developing and cultivating a taste in the Fine Arts. It is supported principally out of the funds of the city, assisted by an annual grant from the government. The students are instructed gratuitously. Any youth who shows the least aptitude for drawing, or any other pursuit which may tend to improve the manufacture for which the institution is principally designed, is gladly admitted into this establishment. From 150 to 180,

and sometimes 200 at a time, receive the benefit of instruction here given in every branch pertaining to the Fine Arts. Five or six professors are attached to this school.

The professor of painting is a man highly distinguished in the world of art. A number of the pupils are engaged in the study of anatomy. Many students are engaged in the delineation of the human form. I found' says Dr Bowring, a very beautiful child of three or four years old, with 30 or 40 students sitting round it.' In another department, the professor of architecture directs the studies of some of the pupils; he makes them intimately acquainted with every variation of the different styles; and it is his principal aim to prevent their confusing these, one with the other. A botanical professor has 30 or 40 boys under him, engaged in copying the most beautiful flowers. A botanical garden is attached to the school. The most tasteful grouping of flowers is made an object of attention. A general professor of drawing gives instruction in landscape, and in fact, in all the departments of art, which can in any way be made available to the production of tasteful things. The object of another professor is to show the young men how their productions may be rendered applicable to the manufactures; that is, how, by machinery, they can produce, on a piece of silk cloth, that which they have drawn on a piece of paper. The students receive a course of five years' instruction in this school; they are supplied with everything but the materials on which they work, and their productions are regarded as their own property. - Penny Magazine.

SCHOOL FOR BUILDERS IN BAVARIA.

A school for builders has been in existence at Munich nine years. It has educated 1035 pupils, among whom 401 have been from other coun

tries. Without considerable funds the director of the Institution has collected more than 100 works on design and building, and a number of elevations, sections, models, &c. The Board of Buildings and National embellishments have granted premiums to 92 of the most distinguished pupils; and sixteen have been furnished with the means of visiting the other countries of Europe. Instruction is given gratuitously; and principally during the winter months. During the remaining two thirds of the year, the pupils are employed in manual labor, by which means they enjoy the opportunity of reducing theory to practice.

The object of the institution is to prevent the minds of young mechanics from acquiring a dislike to such habits and studies as would best prepare them for their future calling. Great care has also been taken to avoid the introduction of such branches of tuition as might inspire them with contempt for their destined avocation.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN LOMBARDY.

There is a custom prevalent throughout the plains of Lombardy, which sensibly accelerates the growth of the child's physical powers, and produces an extremely beneficial influence on its health. When the parents leave home to work in the fields, (for the women labor in the field, as well as the men) they do not leave their child behind them, to wallow in the filth of a narrow, unwholesome room, but carry it with them in a cradle, and deposit it in some corner of the field, under the shade of the vine, which throws its tendrils round the trees; or they protect it from the scorching rays of the sun behind the tall stems of some thick patch of maize. While the rest of the family are hard at work, a stripling brother or sister, who is of too tender an age to lend any help abroad, mounts guard, over the infant's slumbers; and at certain intervals its mother finds her way back, to the infantile bivouac, and gives her child its meal, or provides for any other of its wants. The boy is accustomed at a very early age, to assist his parents at their work; but as soon as the girl begins to outgrow the precincts of the nursery, she is removed from her parents' of and placed for education in some one of the numerous primary schools in the neighborhood. These primary schools abound in all the Lombardy towns; and for children of both sexes. - Lon. Quart. Journ. of Education.

MILITARY COLlege for Orphans, at MILAN.

One of the best institutions in Lombardy is the Military College at Milan, which is appropriated to the education of children from the eight Italian regiments employed in the Austrian service. It contains 300 young persons, the greater part of whom are the orphans of soldiers, who have died on the field of battle, or been severely wounded. In addition to these, the college receives 50 sons of persons in the middle ranks of life; who pay a stipulated sum for their education.

NATIONAL EDUCATION IN GERMANY.

In Saxony, every parent is compelled to send his children to school from the age of six to fourteen. The superintendent of each village school takes an account of every child, once in three months, who has neglected to attend it, or who has been remiss in attendance; and if no legitimate

reason can be given for neglect, he transmits a reprimand to the parent. If that is disregarded by the parent, the magistrates commit him to prison. The statute of Saxe Weimar is little less severe. Every head of a family is compelled under a heavy penalty, to send his children to school at six years of age, or prove that they receive adequate instruction under his own roof. The result of these measures, arbitrary as they are, is to establish a schoolmaster in every village and hamlet throughout the country. There is not so much as a secluded corner with a dozen houses in it, without its schoolmaster; and measures are taken to provide for the support at school of the children of those parents who are indigent. The tax on each pupil is small, however, often not more than 34 cents a year.

EDUCATION IN Naples.

Normal Schools, as they are called, that is, schools for the formation of teachers, are just beginning to take root in Naples. The state of primary education, in this country, is indeed wretched, and we are sorry to say that the Catholic clergy, in whose hands the department of education is, have not exerted themselves in favor of improvement. Nor are the higher institutions in much better condition than the primary schools.

INSTRUCTION AT FREETOWN, AFRICA.

In Freetown, Sierra Leone, there are two government schools on Bell's system, for the education of black children, of every race, Maroons, settlers, and liberated Africans. In the male school there are, at present, 385 pupils, divided into ten classes; in the female school 264, into eight classes. The boys are taught reading, writing, and arithmetic, only; the girls are also instructed in needle-work. Every attention seems to be paid to their instruction; and besides being remarkably clean, neatly dressed, and well behaved, the progress they have made in these branches of education deserves the highest praise. I examined several classes in each school and studiously compared the acquirements of the liberated African with other children. The lights and shades of intellect seemed to bear much the same proportion among them, as among the children of our own laboring classes at home. Leonard's Voyage to the Western Coast of Africa.

NEW PUBLICATIONS IN CHINA.

We have been much interested in looking over the first nine numbers of the Chinese Repository, with which we have been favored by a friend recently arrived from China, edited by the American Missionary, Mr Bridgman, and published in very handsome style at Canton. It contains many valuable articles upon the Geography, History, Customs and Manners of China and the adjacent countries, notices of new publications, and a journal of occurrences in the celestial Empire, and thus introduces us to a familiar acquaintance with this almost unknown region.

In the second number we find a notice of two juvenile works in Chinese. One is entitled 'Scripture Lessons for Schools,' 3 vols. octavo, about 200 pages each, which is stated to be an 'excellent compendium of sacred Scripture.' The blocks were cut at the expense of several English and American residents the last year. A second edition is published at the expense of the British Foreign School Society. The other is enti

tled 'A Three-character Classic for Girls,' by Miss Martin. It is the first book, we are told, ever written by a christian lady in the Chinese character, and is intended, by precept and example, to counteract the Chinese maxim, that Virtue or vice cannot belong to woman.'

It is deeply interesting to see the mighty wall which prejudice and power had erected to exclude every ray of light from this empire, gradually crumbling, and to find so many enterprising men ready to enter at every breach. The Chinese Repository will be an interesting record of their progress, and of the condition of China. It is published in monthly numbers of 32 pages each, at $6 a year.

EDUCATION IN MALACCA.

In the third number of the Chinese Repository, we find that there are connected with the mission at Malacca, three schools for the Malays, which contain 107 children, 60 of whom are girls; Indo-Portuguese schools, containing 100 pupils; and Chinese schools for the emigrants from China, 200 pupils.

The Anglo-Chinese college established by the same mission in 1818, is the only Protestant college beyond the Ganges. Its object is to open the Chinese language and literature to Europeans, and on the other hand to render the English language and literature accessible to all the nations beyond the Ganges who read Chinese, including, not only China and its colonies in the Eastern Archipelago, but also Loo-Choo, Corea, Japan and Cochin-China. The English and Chinese languages are taught in the institution, with the assistance of European and Chinese professors, and an extensive library of Chinese, Malay, and European books. To native students, a course of literary and scientific instruction is also given. Students are admitted from every nation of Europe or America, and from any christian communion, for the study of Chinese, on giving proper testimonials of their moral character, and of their object. And also native youths from China or any of the surrounding countries.

This college now has a fund sufficient to support twentyfour pupils, and has gained no inconsiderable influence over the Chinese and Malays.

STATE OF EDUCATION IN DOVer, N. H.

The following facts in regard to common education in Dover, N. H. are chiefly collected from the Report of the Superintending School Committee of that town, as published in the Dover Gazette for April 9th.

The money expended during the past year in that town for the support of schools amounts to $2,303. This sum, though considerable for a population of only 5,449 inhabitants, does not appear from the report to have produced results so desirable as might have been anticipated. They speak well of the teachers generally, and only complain of the difficulty of procuring reports of the condition of their schools; but they complain bitterly of irregularity of attendance among the pupils, and of entire neglect in some cases to attend at all. This ought not so to be, in a town which is the second in the State both in wealth and population. The report says:

In one school, of 193 scholars, only 29 have attended so much as half the time; the time of the remainder varying from a few weeks to six months. It must be apparent to every one, that while such a state of things continues, very little benefit can be expected to result to the scholars, however perfect may be the system of instruction and discipline