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ing or workmanship of a thing: L. factu'ra, a making; fr. fă'cio, I make. Foliage: fr. L. fol'ium, a leaf; h., folio, inter-foliate, etc. . . . Ingress : v. CONGRESS.... Intricate: L. intrica'tus; fr. in'trico, intrica'tum, to entangle; fr. tri'cæ, hindrances, perplexities; h., ex-tricate, in-ex-tricable, intrigue, etc. . . . Ocean: L. o-ce-an'us. ... Pacific: L. pacificus, peacemaking; fr. pax, pa'cis, peace, and ƒă'cio; h., pacify; fr. pax are ap-pease, pacate, peaceful, etc.... Polynesia : Gr. pōl'lūs, many,and nē’sõs, an island. Pyramid: Gr. pū'ramis; perhaps fr. pūr (πvp), fire, as flame tapers to a point. Submarine: L. sub, under, ma're, the sea; h., mariner, maritime, etc. . . . Substance: v. DESTITUTE. . . . Test: L. tes'tis, a witness; h., at-test, con-test, de-test, in-con-testable, in-testate (dying without having made a will), ob-test (to beseech), pro-test, testament, testator, testify, testimonial, testimony. Tropic: the line at which the sun appears to turn back; fr. the Gr. trèp'ein, to turn, trõp'õs a turning; h., trope, trophy.

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XXXV. THE SUNBEAM.

I.

THOU art no lingerer in monarch's hall-
A joy thou art and a wealth to all!
A bearer of hope unto land and sea,
Sunbeam! what gift hath the world like thee?
Thou art walking the billows and Ocean smiles;
Thou hast touched with glory his thousand isles;
Thou hast lit up the ships and the feathery foam,
And gladdened the sailor like words from home.
To the solemn depths of the forest shades

Thou art streaming on through their green arcades,
And the quivering leaves that have caught thy glow
Like fire-flies glance to the pool below.

II.

I looked to the mountains-a vapor lay
Folding their heights in its dark array;
Thou didst break forth, and the mist became
A crown and a mantle of living flame.
I looked on the peasant's lowly cot-
Something of sadness had wrapt the spot;
But a gleam of thee on its lattice fell,
And it laughed into beauty at that bright spell.

To the earth's wild places a guest thou art,
Flushing the waste like the rose's heart;
And thou scornest not from thy pomp to shed
A tender smile on the ruin's head.

III.

Thou tak'st thro' the dim church-aisles thy way,
And its pillars from twilight flash forth to day;
And its high, pale tombs, with their trophies old,
Are bathed in a flood as of molten gold.

And thou turnest not from the humblest grave,
Where a flower to the sighing winds may wave;
Thou scatterest its gloom like the dreams of rest,
Thou sleepest in love on its grassy breast.
Sunbeam of summer! oh what is like thee,
Hope of the wilderness, joy of the sea?
One thing is like thee to mortals given-

The faith touching all things with hues of heaven!
MRS. HEMANS.

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SELECT ETYMOLOGIES.-Arcade: L. ar'cus, a bow, an arch; h., archery. Crown: L. coro'na; h., corolla, corollary, coronal, coronation, coroner, coronet. . . . Flower: L. flos, flo'ris; h., ef-florescent, floral, Florence, florid, Florida, florist. . . . Linger: A. S. lenger, comp. of lang, long. Mantle: L. mantel'lum, a cloak. Monarch: Gr. monar'chos; fr. mon'ŏs, alone, ar'chein, to rule. . . . Pillar: L. pi'la, a mortar; h., a pillar. . Trophy: Gr. tropai'on, a monument of the foe's defeat, consisting of a trunk of a tree or a pole, on which were fixed the arms, shields, helmets, etc., taken from the enemy; fr. tro'pe, a turning round or about; h., a defeat.

XXXVI.-JOAN OF ARC.

Pronounce Jo'an in two syllables; Domremy, Dong-rě-me'; Orleans, Orle-ahng'; Troyes, Tro-ah'; Rheims, Răngz; coup-de-main (a rapid, successful attack), koo-de-mang'.

1. JOAN OF ARC was born in the year 1412, in the little village of Domremy, on the borders of Lorraine, in France. Her parents were poor, and maintained themselves by their own labor upon a little land with a few cattle. Joan worked in the field in summer, and in the winter she sewed and spun. Small was her stock of learning, for she could neither read nor write, but she would often go apart by herself in the pasture as if to talk with God. She was a devout attendant at church, and gave to the poor to the utmost extent of her means—a girl of natural piety, that saw God in forests and hills and fountains, but did not the less seek him in places consecrated by religion.

2. Her native land was at this period in a distracted state. Paris was occupied by English troops, and the king of England was declared by a strong party the rightful heir of the throne of France. The people of the north of France, seeing in his success the end of strife, favored his cause, but in the south the country people and a part of the nobility stood by the lineal heir, Charles the Seventh, and by the old nationality. Meanwhile, the English were extending their power, and the city of Orleans was so closely besieged by them that its fall seemed inevitable. It was a dark day for France.

3. For some time Joan had entertained the belief that she was in communion with the spirits of departed saints-that she saw angelic visions and heard angelic voices. These voices now whispered to her the duty imposed upon herself of delivering France and restoring its nationality. She found the means of making her way to the presence of the true heir of the throne, Charles the Seventh, and although, as he stood among his courtiers, he at first, in order to test her prophetic gift, maintained that he was not the king, she fell down and embraced his knees, declaring that he was the man. She

offered to raise the siege of Orleans and to conduct Charles to Rheims to be crowned.

4. At this time she was seventeen years old, slender and delicate in shape, with a pleasant countenance, a somewhat pale complexion, eyes rather melancholy than eager, and rich chestnut-brown hair. As the king's affairs were hopeless, he did not refuse what seemed the preternatural aid proffered by Joan. She demanded for herself a particular sword in the church of St. Catharine, which was given to her. She put on a male dress and unfurled her banner at the head of the French army, which she had inspired with her own strong convictions of help from on high through her means.

5. She now appeared frequently in battle, and was several times wounded; still no unfeminine cruelty ever stained her conduct. She never killed any one, never shed blood with her own hand. She interposed to protect the captive or the wounded. She mourned over the excesses of her countrymen, and would throw herself from her horse to administer comfort to a dying foeman. Resolute, chivalrous, gentle and brave, wise in council, constant in her faith in her high mission, and inspiring the whole immense host by her enthusiasm, the secret of her success seemed to lie as much in her good sense as in her courage and her visions. This girl of the people clearly saw the question before France, and knew how to solve it.

6. When she had first appeared before the king, he had been on the point of giving up the struggle with the English and of flying to the south of France. Joan taught him to blush for such abject counsels. She liberated Orleans, that great city, so decisive by its fate for the issue of the war. Entering the city after sunset on the 29th of April, 1429, she took part, on Sunday, May 8th, in the religious celebration for the entire disappearance of the besieging force. On the 29th of June she gained over the English the decisive battle of Patay; on the 9th of July she took Troyes by a coup-de-main; on the 15th of that month she carried the dauphin into Rheims; on Sunday, the 17th, she crowned him; and there she rested from her labor of triumph. She had accomplished the capital ob

jects which her own visions had dictated. She had saved France. What remained was—to suffer. But adversity could not weaken her heroic faith.

7. Having placed the king on his throne, it was her fortune thenceforward to be thwarted. More than one military plan was entered upon which she did not approve. Too well she felt that the end was nigh at hand. Still she continued to jeopard her person in battle as before: severe wounds had not taught her caution; and at length she was made prisoner by the Burgundians, and finally given up to the English. The object now was to vitiate the coronation of Charles the Seventh as the work of a witch, and for this end Joan was tried for sorcery. She resolutely defended herself from the absurd accusation.

8. Never from the foundations of the earth was there such a trial as this, if it were laid open in all its beauty of defense and all its malignity of attack. O child of France! shepherdess, peasant girl! trodden under foot by all around thee, how I honor thy flashing intellect, quick as the lightning and as true to its mark, that ran before France and laggard Europe by many a century, confounding the malice of the ensnarer and making dumb the oracles of falsehood! "Would you examine me as a witness against myself?" was the question by which many times she defied their arts. The result of this trial was the condemnation of Joan to be burnt alive. Never did grim inquisitors doom to death a fairer victim by baser

means.

9. Woman, sister! there are some things which you do not execute as well as your brother, man-no, nor ever will. Yet, sister, woman, cheerfully and with the love that burns in depths of admiration I acknowledge that you can do one thing as well as the best of men-you can die grandly! On the 20th of May, 1431, being then about nineteen years of age, Joan of Arc underwent her martyrdom. She was conducted before midday, guarded by eight hundred spearmen, to a platform of prodigious height, constructed of wooden billets, supported by occasional walls of lath and plaster, and traversed