Designed for the use of schools in the United States. BY SAMUEL TEMPLE, A. M. TENTH EDITION. BOSTON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY LINCOLN & EDMANDS, 1827. " DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, to wit: District Clerk's Office BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the eighth day of February, A. D. 1825, in the fortyninth year of the Independence of the United States of America, Ensign Lincoln and Thomas Edmands of the said district, have deposited in this office the title of a Book, the right whereof they claim as Proprietors, in the words following, to wit: "Temple's Arithmetick: A concise Introduction to Practical Arithmetick; in which all the Rules that occur in common business are applied to the Federal Currency. Designed for the use of Schools in the United States. By Samuel Temple, A. M. Ninth Edition, Improved." In Conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, entitled, "An Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned ;" and also to an Act entitled, "An Act supplementary to an Act, entitled, An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by securing the Copies of Maps, Charts and Books to the Authors and Proprietors of such Copies during the times therein mentioned: and extending the Benefits thereof to the Arts of Designing, Engraving and Etching Historical, and other Prins.” J. W. DAVIS, Clerk of the District of Massachusetts. Lyman 6-26-36 PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION. THE demand for this Introduction to Arithmetick has assured the Author, that it meets publick approbation. To Schoolmasters and others, who have encouraged the sale of this little performance, the Author presents his most grateful acknowledgments. As the mode of reckoning the old denominations of money, viz. pounds, shillings, &c. is almost universally rejected, the number of examples, for calculating in that currency, is abbreviated. In order to render the work more valuable, Duodecimal Arithmetick, as applied to the mensuration of Superficies and Solids, is annexed to the end of the book, without enhancing its price. To serve his country, by endeavouring to diffuse the means of useful knowledge among the American youth, is the incessant study of THE AUTHOR. Dorchester, (Mass.) July, 1808. Publisher's Notice to the Ninth Edition. To render this easy and popular Arithmetick still worthy of the extended patronage which has been given to it, the present edition has been enriched by many additions and improvements, and the Publishers have bestowed great pains to preserve it free from errors. Agreeably to the suggestions of many experienced teachers, the Simple Rules have been placed together. The rule of Duodecimals, which was, in the sixth edition, added as an Appendix, is also now transposed, and put in its proper place, after Decimal Fractions; which arrangement, no doubt, will be approved by the patrons of this admired system of Arithmetick. Besides the improved order of the Rules, one hundred and forty-one questions for mental exercise, and questions on Arithmetick, &c. have been added, to increase the value of the work. Boston, Feb. 1825. Signs. Explanation of Arithmetical Signs. 1 cwt. (Equal.) The sign of Equality; thus, 4 qrs. = +(Plus, or more.) The sign of Addition; thus, 5+4–9. (Minus, or less.) The sign of Subtraction; thus, 6—4—2. The sign of Multiplication; thus, 4×3=12. (Divided by.) The sign of Division; thus, 12÷4=3. ::: The sign of Proportion; as, 3 6 8: 16, that is, as 3 is to 6, so is 8 to 16. × (Multiplied by.) PRACTICAL ARITHMETICK. ARITHMETICK, in theory, is the science of numbers; in practice, it is the art of computing or calculating by numbers. Arithmetick is comprehended in five principal rules, viz. Notation or Numeration, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division. By the right application of these rules are solved all questions, in which arithmetick is concerned. NOTATION OR NUMERATION. NOTE. The difference between Notation and Numeration may be thus defined; Notation is the writing or representing of numbers; Numeration, the reading or expressing of numbers, by figures or letters. NOTATION OR NUMERATION teaches how to read or express any number or quantity, by the ten following characters: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.— o is called a cipher or nought; 1 one; 2 two; 3 three ; 4 four; 5 five; 6 six; 7 seven; 8 eight; 9 nine. By the various combination of the foregoing characters, which are called figures, or digits, all numbers are expressed; and, in any combination of figures, the value of each is determined by the place it occupies, as is shown in the following Explanation of the above Table. To enumerate any number of figures, begin at the right hand and proceed to the left. The first right hand figure of any number is called units; the second, tens; the third, hundreds; the fourth, thousands, &c. Each figure, from right to left, increases in a tenfold proportion; that is, the second figure from the right hand is ten times the value of the same figure in the place of units. The third B |