Biology-December, 1917, Cushing Academy. Submitted by R. A. Montgomery, Ashburnham, Mass. I. Define: Zoology, Fertilization, Cell, Leucocytes, Celia, Pericardium, Parasite, Carnivorous, Assimilation. II. III. a. Name the different food substances for plant and animal life and give illustration of each. b. How can you differentiate between living and lifeless things? a. Explain the difference between photo-synthesis and respiration in plants. b. Name the different parts of a flower. c. Name the different parts of a typical leaf. d. Discuss the different methods of pollination. IV. Locate and state function: Senticel; root cap; ocellus; carotid artery; spiracles; proboscis; ovary; gall bladder; ovipositor; air bladder. V. VI. Trace the complete circulation of the blood of a frog. a. Name all external appendages of a fish and compare where possible with the same in a frog. b. Discuss the life history of a frog from egg to adult. VII. Discuss the methods of protection: frog, moth, grasshopper, bee, lobster. Discuss honey bees. VIII. State economic importance of the following: ichneuman fly, lady bug, ants, ground beetles, mosquitos, gypsy moth, Buffalo gnats, Hessian fly, chinch bug, bollweevil. IX. a. Discuss metamorphosis. X. b. Give complete life history of the butterfly. a. Name the different divisions of the thorax of a grasshopper and appendages of each. b. Discuss protozoa. General Science-1st Semester, 1918, Chambersburg High School. Submitted by H. K. Rhodes, Chambersburg, Pa. (Answer any eight.) 1. Name some bodies composed of copper; paper; stone; iron; rubber. Which of these are organic? İnorganic? 2. A tank is 1 m. deep, 1.5 m. long, 7.5 m. wide. Find its contents in cubic meters. 3. In the laboratory we have two bottles exactly the same in size and capacity; yet one will hold 9 lbs. of sulphuric acid, the other will hold 7 lbs. of nitric acid. Explain this. 4. What are the boiling and freezing points on the C & F scales? Room temperature? Explain why pure acetic acid freezes at 16° C. 5. Name the simple machines. Why are they called machines? 6. Show by a diagram how a double concave lens can remedy nearsightedness. 7. Show by diagram the path of light through a simple periscope. What is the purpose of the periscope? 8. Name two things which are transparent; two which are translucent; two which are opaque. How can the intensity of a light be measured? 9. Write a paragraph on "The Weather Bureau"-what it does, instruments used, maps, etc. 10. Make a diagram of a siphon. Explain fully the use and action of a siphon. SOLUTIONS AND ANSWERS. 286. Proposed by John C. Packard, Brookline, Mass. Why does the image in a plane mirror, held parallel to the object, appear reversed but not inverted? Answered by Annie Cloyd, Sewickley, Pa.; R. E. Dooley, Elmer, Okla.; Tracey F. Tyler, Wood River, Neb.; L. E. Lunn, Heron Lake, Minn.; J. E. Running, Ottawa, Ill. MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN CHEMICAL APPARATUS AND CHEMICALS PHYSICAL APPARATUS SPECIAL GLASS APPARATUS Made According to Your Own Specifications SCIENCE Clark's Introduction to Science -A REAL GENERAL SCIENCE-NOT A HODGE PODGE. Dryer's Elementary Economic Geography -BRIDGES GAP BETWEEN ELEMENTARY GRADES AND Hunter's Civic Biology -TEACHES COMMUNITY IDEALS. MATHEMATICS Lyman and Darnell's Elementary Algebra -SIMPLE TREATMENT FOR THREE SEMESTERS. AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY NEW YORK 330 East 22nd Street BOSTON Please mention School Science and Mathematics when answering Advertisements. Answer by R. E. Dooley, Elmer, Okla. The apparent reversal but not inversion is due neither to the mirror nor any peculiarity of the object, but to our use and understanding of the words "right," "left," "top," "bottom." The following experiment will make the entire matter clear. Put a glove on the left hand (solely for concreteness), call that hand "top" and the right hand "bottom,' then call the feet "left" and the head "right." Stand with outstretched arms before a plane mirror and the image will appear "inverted" but not reversed. The illusion is solely in the terms used. Answer by J. E. Running, Pleasant View Luther College, Ottawa, Ill. Suppose a person stands facing you. With respect to your own, his position is in reality reversed; that is, his left is towards your right, and his face is turned in the same direction as your back. If this person is now commanded to "about face" his right will be towards your right and his face turned in the same direction as your face. Suppose now that all but his very front surface became invisible, you would then see his front surface facing away from you, but to you he would appear to be turned towards you because your experience has taught that you can see a person's front only when it is turned towards you. Your image in the mirror is that of your front surface facing in the same direction as you are facing and with the rest of the body eliminated. Consequently, your image is not reversed as it appears. 289. From an examination paper of Anglo-Chinese College. If a burner can heat 2 kg. of water from 10° to 80°C. in 10 minutes how much water can it boil away into steam in one hour? Solved by Annie Cloyd, L. E. Lunn. Solution by Annie Cloyd, Sewickley, Pa. Heat necessary to vaporize 1 gm. of water 1 kgm. of water, 536,000 cal. Burner gives heat at rate of 2000×70÷10 840,000÷536,000 = = 840,000 cal. = = 536 cal.; to vaporize 14,000 calories per min. 1.567 kgm. of water would be vaporized. 290. From an examination paper of Boston University. If 2 gm. of potassium chloride yield 3.84 gm. of silver chloride, what is the atomic weight of potassium? 200.5, Ag = 108, Cl = 35.5.) > AgCl+KNO3 108+35.5 143.5 3.48 gm. 294. From "An Elementary Study of Chemistry," by McPherson and Henderson (Ginn & Company, 1917). The heat evolved in the slacking of 100 kg. of lime would raise the temperature of what weight of water from room temperature (say 18°) to boiling? Solved by Joseph Rokke, Alexandria, Minn, and S. F. Davis. Solution by S. F. Davis, John Tarleton Ag. Col., Stephanville, Tex. In other words, one gram molecular weight (56 gms.) of CaO will produce 15,540 calories of heat. Every science teacher should discuss it Every science teacher should own it Twiss' Principles of Science Teaching is an essential part of the pedagogical equipment of the science teacher, present and prospective; a working tool in the up-to-date course. Progressive teachers everywhere are enthusiastic about it. It is a book that looks ahead and prepares for conditions about to be. Can You Afford to Miss It? "Full of sound suggestion."-Scientific American. "The book is aimed right No teacher of science should be without this new textbook."-School Review. "A real handbook for any science teacher."-School Science and Mathe Wm. S. Franklin of Mass. Inst. of Technology, and Barry MacNutt of Lehigh University. Bacon long ago mentioned the need of "A Calendar of Leading Experiments for the better interpretation of nature," and the authors have borrowed from Bacon the title of this book On Lecture-room Experiments in Physics. Most of the experiments as described are very simple and most of the apparatus required is inexpensive, and the authors believe that the book will be very helpful to the teacher of physics in the High School. An important feature of the book is an Appendix on A Visitors' Laboratory of Physics in which suggestions are made for the setting up permanently of about 80 experiments for the edification of visitors. The authors believe that this phase of the museum idea should be developed in every High School. Another feature of the book is an extremely simple and clear setting forth of the fundamental ideas of mechanics; and the authors make use of every opportunity to illuminate the problems of the teacher, and they do this in a way that will certainly entertain the reader and, as the authors believe, also edify him. Price, $2.50. postpaid. For sale by Franklin, Mac Nutt and Charles South Bethlehem, Pa. Please mention School Science and Mathematics when answering Advertisements. 277.5 cal. produced from the slacking of one gram. 277.5X1000 × 100 == 27,750,000 cal. from 100 kg. 100° -18° = 82° temperature interval through which the water would be raised. 338,414 grams of water which would be raised from 18° THE PRESIDENT'S DEFINITION OF GERMANISM. Innumerable articles and many books have been written to define 'Germanism" and show to the world what it means. In his message to Congress, December 4, President Wilson defines it as follows: "This intolerable Thing of which the masters of Germany have shown us the ugly face, this menace of combined intrigue and force which we now see so clearly as the German power, a Thing without conscience or honor or capacity for covenanted peace." This Thing must be crushed, and if not truly brought to an end, at least shut out from the friendly intercourse of the nations, says the President, and it is only when this Thing and its power are indeed defeated that the time can come when we can discuss peace with the German people. MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF TEACHERS OF SECONDARY MATHEMATICS OF NORTH CAROLINA. This meeting was held at Greensboro, February 1 and 2. A popular lecture on "The Origin of Mathematics," a somewhat more technical one on "Deficiencies in Present Preparatory Mathematics," and a round table discussion on the topic "A Proper Approach to Elementary Mathematics" were the contributions of the chief speaker, Dr. David E. Smith. Papers were presented to the Association by Miss Fannie Starr Mitchell, of the Raleigh High School, Mr. J. W. Lasley, Jr., of the University of North Carolina, Miss Virginia Ragsdale, of the Normal College, and Miss Ella Bradley, of the Gastonia High School. The following officers were elected: Mr. W. W. Rankin, Jr., of the University of North Carolina, President; Mr. S. L. Sheep, of the Marion High School, First Vice-President; Miss Maria Graham, of the Eastern Carolina Training School, Second Vice-President; Miss Nita Gressitt of the Greensboro High School, Third Vice-President; Mr. J. W. Lasley, Jr., Secretary. The Mathematics Club of the University of North Carolina held an informal smoker on the night of Wednesday, February 6. A paper on "A Method for Finding the Complex Roots of a Cubic Equation" was presented to the club by Mr. J. W. Lasley, Jr., of the department of mathematics. A noteworthy feature of this meeting of the club was the presence of certain of the best men in the freshman class. To interest these men at the outset of their college career and to get into a closer touch with them than the classroom affords are among the aims of the organization. |