7. How much must be paid for 105750 feet of lumber, at $14 a thousand? Ans. $1480.50. 8. At $5 per ton of 2000 pounds, what cost 5460 pounds of coal?

SOLUTION.

-5460 pounds is 54.60 thousand pounds, and since 2 thousand pounds make a ton, there must be half as many tons as there are thousand pounds, or 27.30 tons. At $5 per ton, 27.30 tons of coal will cost 27.30 times $5, or $136.50. Therefore, etc.

9. At $25 per ton, what cost 3640 pounds of hay? 10. How much must be paid for 4260 pounds of plaster, at $8 per ton? Ans. $17.04. 11. If the price of wheat is $4 per cental, what is it per bushel?

SOLUTION.—If the price of wheat is $4 per cental or 100 weight, it must be 10 of $4, or $.04 per pound, and per bushel of 60 pounds, 60 times $.04, or $2.40. Therefore, etc.

12. If the price of wheat is $2.40 per bushel, what is it per cental?

13. If the price of corn is $1.50 per cental, what is it per bushel?

14. When corn is $.84 per bushel, what should be its price per cental?

15. If the gold dollar is worth $1.50 in currency, how much is the currency dollar worth in gold?

SOLUTION. If the gold dollar is worth $1.50 in currency, a currency dollar is worth as many dollars in gold as $1.50 is contained times in $1, or $.663. Therefore, the currency dollar is worth $.663 in gold.

REVIEW. What is United States money? (69.) Which coins of the United States are gold? (71.)

16. When a gold dollar is quoted at $1.35, what is the value of a dollar of currency in gold? Ans. $.74+.

17. When a gold dollar is quoted at $1.20, how much gold is equal to $100 in currency? Ans. $83.33}. 18. Which is the more in currency, .073 of $1000 in currency, or .06 of $1000 in gold, when a gold dollar is at $1.30? Ans. The latter by $5.

PERCENTAGE.

194. Percentage is the process of computing in hundredths.

The term per cent., from per, by or on, and centum, hundred, means by or on a hundred; and 1 per cent. is 1 hundredth; 2 per cent., 2 hundredths; etc.

The Rate per cent. is the number of hundredths denoted by the per cent.

195. Any rate per cent. may be expressed in the form of a decimal or of a common fraction. Thus,

1 per cent. is written .01, or ïdʊ

.0025;

per cent. is .00, or .00125, etc.

The Sign % is used for the word per cent.

What is Percentage? What is the term per cent. from? What How may any rate per cent. be expressed?

does it mean?

The Percentage of a number is such a part of it as is denoted by the per cent.

The Base of percentage is the number upon which the percentage is computed.

Write in form of a common fraction in its lowest

1. What is 5 per cent. of 10 bushels?

SOLUTION.

Since 1 per cent. of 10 bushels is 1 hundredth of

10 bushels, 5 per cent. will be 5 hundredths of 10 bushels, which is 50 hundredths of 1 bushel, or of a bushel. Therefore, 5 per cent. of 10 bushels is of a bushel.

2. How much is 9 per cent. of 10 yards?

3. How much is 6 per cent. of 12 dollars?

REVIEW. What is a Decimal Fraction? (172.) What is the denominator of a Decimal Fraction? (174.)

4. If you earn $24, and spend 4 per cent. of it, how much will you have left?

5. If I receive $4 profit on $100 of investment, how much is that on $7?

SOLUTION.

If the profit on $100 is $4, the profit on 1 dollar will be 1 hundredth of $4, and on $7 it will be 7 times 1 hundredth of $4, which is $28, or $.28. Therefore, if the profit on $100 is $4, on $7 it is $.28.

6. If I lose 11 yards of cloth on 100 yards, how much do I lose on 10 yards?

7. When I gain $6 on $100, how much do I gain on $30?

8. Bought some articles for $100, and sold them for $112; how much do I gain on $5?

9. What per cent. of 25 is 5?

SOLUTION. Since 25 is 100 per cent. of itself, 1 is of 100 per cent., and 5 is 5 times

5

of 100 per cent., or 5 of 100 per

cent., which is of 100 per cent., or 20 per cent.

25

Therefore, 5 is

10. What per cent. of 50 tons is 20 tons? Of 50 tons is 30 tons?

11. What per cent. of $35 is $7? Of $40 is $30?

12. If the cost of raising corn is 9 bushels to every 27 grown, what is the cost per cent.?

13. What per cent. of 28 bushels is 7 bushels?

14. If a bank receive $7 for every $100 lent, what per cent. does it receive?

15. If you should spend $6 for every $50 you earn, what per cent. of your earnings would you spend?

16. Bought a watch for $100, and sold it for $120; what per cent. did I make?

WRITTEN EXERCISES.

Case I.

To find any Per Cent. of a Number.

196. 1. What is 3 per cent. of $220?

OPERATION.

$220
.03

Since 1 per cent. of $220 is 1 hundredth of $220, 3 per cent. will be 3 hundredths of $220, which is $220 X .03, or $6.60. Therefore, 3

Ans. $6.60 per cent. of $220 is $6.60.

Rule. - Multiply the given number by the rate

10. A farmer raised 160 bushels of apples, and sold 80 per cent. of the whole; how many did he sell?

11. Of $500, I have invested in the United States stocks 40 per cent., and the balance in land; how much have I invested in stock, and how much in land?

Ans. Stock $200; land $300. 12. From a deposit of $1800 in a bank, I have taken

out 62 per cent.; how much remains?

Ans. $684.

Explain the operation. What is the Rule?