1. A Unit is a single thing of any kind, or
2. One unit and one unit are two units, or
3. Two units and one unit are three units, or
4. Three units and one unit are four units, or
5. Four units and one unit are five units, or
6. Five units and one unit are six units, or
7. Six units and one unit are seven units, or
8. Seven units and one unit are eight units, or
9. Eight units and one unit are nine units, or

What is a Unit?

Three and one?

Seven and one?

What are one and one called?
Four and one? Five and one?
Eight and one?

one.

two.

three.

four.

five.

six.

seven.

eight. nine.

Two and one?

Six and one?

10. Quantity is anything that can be measured, or

Distance is quantity, since it can be measured, so as to be named miles, rods, etc.

11. Numbers express how many units there are in any given quantity. NUMBERS are, therefore, one or more units.

Thus,

One, two, three, four, five, six, etc., are numbers.

12. Like Numbers are such as express the same kind of quantity. Thus

Five dollars and seven dollars are like numbers.

13. An Operation, or Process, is the work done with numbers.

14. A Rule is the direction for performing an operation, or process.

A Principle is a general truth.

15. Arithmetic treats of numbers, and is the art of reckoning by them.

FIGURES.

16. Figures are certain marks, or characters, used to express numbers.

Ten different figures are used in expressing numbers.

What is Quantity? Why is distance quantity? What do Numbers express? Mention some numbers. What are Like Numbers? What is an Operation? A Rule? Arithmetic? What are Figures?

17. The figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, are called Significant Figures, or Numerals, because each signifies, or stands for, as many units as its name denotes.

18. The figure 0, or cipher, is sometimes called Zero, or Naught, because, when used alone, it stands for no number. Thus,

0 dollars means no dollars.

EXERCISES.

Write the following figures and name each of them:

Write in figures arranged in columns:

7. One, three, four, two, seven, five, six, eight. 8. Four, one, five, nine, eight, two, six.

9. Five, nine, two, eight, six, four, three, seven.

10. Six, cipher, three, seven, two, five, one, four.

11. Seven, nine, three, zero, two.

12. Nine, one, zero, five, seven, eight, four.

Which figures are called Significant Figures? Why? Which is called Zero or Naught? Why?

UNITS, TENS.

19. Nine units and one unit are
One ten and one unit are

One ten and two units are
One ten and three units are
One ten and four units are
One ten and five units are
One ten and six units are
One ten and seven units are
One ten and eight units are

One ten and nine units are

ten.

eleven.

twelve. thirteen.

fourteen.

fifteen.

sixteen.

seventeen.

eighteen.

nineteen.

twenty.

thirty.

forty.

fifty.

sixty.

seventy.

eighty.

ninety.

21. Exact Tens, as ten, twenty, thirty, etc., are expressed by combining 1, 2, 3, etc., denoting the number of tens, with 0; and the number between exact tens, by combining 1, 2, 3, etc., with a significant figure.

What is an exercise? nine and one called? two? Ten and three? six? Ten and seven? the meaning of "teen"? Four tens? Five tens? Nine tens?

Ten and

What is

Ans. A lesson for practice. What are What are ten and one called? Ten and Ten and four? Ten and five? Ten and eight? Ten and nine? What are two tens called? Three tens? Six tens? Seven tens? Eight tens? What is the meaning of "ty"? How are exact tens expressed? How are the numbers between exact tens expressed?