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3. Let the pupil read the following numbers:

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in figures:

1. Seventy-eight.

2. Ninety.

3. One hundred and fifty-six.

4. Three hundred and eight.

5. One thousand, four hundred and sixty-nine.

6. Five thousand and two.

7. Seventy-seven thousand and eighty-four.

8. Forty thousand, seven hundred and twenty-two. 9. Five hundred and sixty-six thousand, one hundred and fifty.

10.

Six hundred thousand.

ADDITION.

5. 5 and 4 and 7 are how many? This is called a question in addition. We put together or add the numbers 5, 4 and 7 to find their sum or amount. Thus, the sum of 5 and 4 and 7 is 16.

Units.

46

37

Ex. 1. What is the sum of 46 and 37?

It is most convenient to write the numbers in order, units under units, tens under tens, &c.; then beginning with the units, we find that 6 units and 7 units are 13 units, or 1 ten and 3 units. We write down the 3 units under the units and add the 1 ten to the other tens; 1 (ten) and 4 (tens) and 3 (tens) make 8 (tens) which written with the 3, makes 83.

83

Ex. 2. What is the sum of 736 and 875 and 394?

Hundreds.
Tens.

Units.

Adding the units we find 6 and 5 are 11, and 4 are 15, or 1 ten and 5 units. Writing the 5 under the column of units, we reserve 736 the 1 ten and add it to the tens of the next 875 column; thus, 1 and 3 are 4, and 7 are 11, and 3949 are 20 (tens) or 2 hundreds, and 0 tens. We write the O under the column of tens, and 2005 add the 2 (hundreds) to the column of hundreds; thus 2 and 7 are 9, and 8 are 17, and 3 are 20 (hundreds), which being the sum of the last column we write down. The answer, therefore, is 2005.

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7. 40. Add together 39, 67, 92, 43, 84, 51. 41. Add together 270, 489, 126, 46. 42. Add together 2368, 235, 496, 1736. 43. Add together 66,476, 801, 4009, 32, 127.

8. 44. A merchant bought 4 pieces of cloth; for the first piece he gave 53 dollars; for the second, 78 dollars; for the third, 68 dollars; and for the fourth, 67 dollars. How much did he give for the whole? 45. In an orchard there are 22 peach trees, 95 apple trees, 17 pear trees and 56 plum trees. many trees in the orchard?

How

46. A man bought four horses; for the first he gave 84 dollars; for the second, 150 dollars; for the third, 475 dollars; and for the fourth, 526 dollars. How much did he give for all the horses?

47. In the Boylston school there are 810 scholars in the Brimmer, 597 scholars; in the Dwight, 956 scholars; in the Elliot, 776 scholars; in the Franklin, 572 scholars; and in the Hancock, 731 scholars. How many scholars in these six schools?

3

48. A gentleman, building a house, paid the mason 2,964 dollars, the carpenter 5,723 dollars, the plasterer 625 dollars and the painter 354 dollars. How much did the whole house cost?

SUBTRACTION.

9. 9 less 7 are how many? This is called a ques

tion in Subtraction.

We take away or subtract 7 from 9 to find the difference or remainder, which is 2.

Ex 1.

Tens.

Units.

476

245

From 476 take 245.

It is most convenient to write the less number under the greater, units under units, tens under tens, etc., as in addition. Beginning at the units, we say 5 from 6 leaves 1, which we write under the units; then 4 (tens) from 7 (tens) leaves 3 (tens), which we write under the tens; and 2 (hundreds) from 4 (hundreds) leaves 2 (hundreds), which we write down, and the answer is 231.

231

Ex. 2. From 939 take 458.

Hundreds.

Tens.

Units.

939

In this example we take 8 from 9 and there remains 1, which we write down; but since we cannot take 5 (tens) from 3 (tens), we borrow 1 (hundred) or 10 (tens) from the 9 458 (hundreds), which, joined with the 3 (tens), 481 makes 13 (tens); then 5 (tens) from 13 (tens) leaves 8 (tens), which we write down. As one of the 9 (hundreds) has been put with the 3 (tens), there remains but 8 (hundreds). Therefore we say 4 (hundreds) from 8 (hundreds) leaves 4 (hundreds). This, written down, makes the answer 481.

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68

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33

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75

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37. From 96 take 58.

141. From 984 take 176 38. From 4785 take 3679. 42. From 4788 take 967. 39. From 8344 take 5324. 43. From 7898 take 6898. 40. From 10982 take 6470. 44. From 40816 take 5622.

10. 45. In a certain garden there were 86 rose bushes, but the worms destroyed 33 of them. How many were left?

46. A man is 66 years of age, and his son 22. How old was the man at the birth of his son?

47. A farmer had 240 sheep; but, one night, wolves gained admittance to the fold and carried off 121. How many sheep were left?

48. Harry had 84 cents given him to buy some marbles with, but on his way to the store he lost 25 cents. How many cents had he left?

49. A girl was carrying 72 eggs to market, but she let the basket fall, and 39 eggs were broken. How

many had she left?

50. In an army there were 14,642 men, but in a battle 789 men were killed or wounded. How many serviceable men were there left?

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