As £120 (the selling price of the supposed article) is to £100 (the cost price of the same) so is £90 (the selling price of the article) to its cost price. £ £ £ 6 (3.) If a man gains 5/6 on goods sold by him for 22/, what does he gain per cent. ? ANSWER. The selling price is 22/, and the gain 5/6. cost price is 22/ 5/6, = 16/6. Now on 16/6 he gains 5/6 .. The :. As 16/6 £ 5/6 :: 100: gain per cent. X 2 X 2 X I 33 11 3/100 3 I 331/ Answer, 33 per cent (4.) A £50 railway share pays a yearly dividend of £6: What annual interest do I get on my money if I bought the share for £55? ANSWER. The price paid for the share is £55, and the interest on it is £6; . As 55 is to 6 (its interest), so is 100 to its interest. 55 : 6 :: 100 OBSERVATIONS. With the exception of the blunder marked in italics, (and persisted in, with an aggravation, just below), the first exercise is very fairly done. It might have been briefly proved in some such way as this: 880 × 7 (p.c.) x 5 (months) The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sums are also sensibly and accurately dealt with, so that the arithmetical work of this paper commands a high mark, though a deduction must be made on account of the confusion in the first exercise. GRAMMAR.--Parse the following passage: "Cover the body over," said he, "lest his father see it as he passes by." Cover the ANSWER. reg. trans. vrb., imp. mood, pres. tense, sing. No. 2d pers., agreeing with its nom. "you" (understood) and governing the noun "something" (understood) in the object case. def. article, limiting "body." body over said he lest his com. noun, sing. No. 3d pers., neut. gend., object. case, governed by the preposition "over. prep. governing "body" in the object. case. pers. pron. sing. No. 3d pers., masc. gend., conjunction, disjunctive, adversative. pers. pron., sing. No. 3d pers., masc. gend., possess. case. father com. noun, sing. No. 3d pers., masc. gend., nominative to "" see. see it as he irreg. trans vrb., indicative mood, future tense, sing. No. 3d pers,, agreeing with its noun "father," and governing "it" in the objective case. pers. pron., sing. No. 3d pers., neut. gend., object. case governed by ""see" copulative, continuative, conjunction. as above, nominative case to " passes. passes reg. intrans. vrb., indicat. mood, pres. tense, sing. No. 3d person, agreeing with its nom. "he." by adverb (place) modifying "passes." 2 Analysis. {Coer the body Extension of do. tracted in subject & object Subject Predicate Conjunction connecting (a) I Predicate noun sentence to (2) con {(a) he Principal sentence to (1) (b) said (3) and (4). sentences (2) and (3) Subject Adverbial sentence to (2) Predicate Object Extension of (b) place OBSERVATIONS. The above parsing is, upon the whole, not unsatisfactory, but then it is all very plain sailing, with the exception of three rocks ahead, against two of which the P. T. has unfortunately run his ship. " (1.) He has parsed the word "by" correctly at the end of the passage, but he has failed to see that the similar word "over" stands in the same close adverbial relation to "cover that "by" does to passes though in the former case an object is interposed between the verb and the adverb. (2.) He has taken "see" as the "indicative mood and future tense" of the verb, forgetting, in the first place, that future in English can only be expressed by auxiliaries, and, secondly, that a conjunction expressing purpose (in this case a negative purpose), must be followed by the subjunctive mood, and by the same tense as that in which the verb in the principal sentence stands. It would be well if students of grammar could be early made aquainted with the syntax of conjunctions, which play such an important part in the structure of English sentences. If scholars were carefully taught, for example, to distinguish conjunctions of purpose from conjunctions of cause, we might hope in time to get rid of that most common and most comical of vulgarisms by which the latter are substituted for the former, in such expressions as "because he shouldn't," when the speaker intends to say "lest he should," or "in order that he should not;" "I told her not to go near the dog, because he shouldn't bite her." Coming to the analysis, the P. T. is in the first sentence still entangled by the consequences of the blunder which he committed in parsing the word "over." He has made the second sentence principal to the third and fourth as well as to the first. In the third, the conjunction "lest" does not connect the second sentence with the third," nor is there any immediate connection between those two sentences. In analysing this sentence as well as the fonrth, he has fallen into the very common and clumsy error of putting a surbordinate word as a part of the subject. GEOGRAPHY.-(1.) Describe Malta, Hongkong, St. Helena, and Jamaica, and draw sketch maps to show the position of each. ANSWER. (1.) Malta is an island in the Mediterranean, 60 m. to the S. of Sicily: it is like the neighbouring islets Gozo and Comino, a mere mass of rock rising from the sea. As there are no springs in the island, the rain-water is collected in tanks. Its chief defect is the want of soil, which is imported by ship-loads from Sicily, and the little soil on the island has been laboriously kept together, but the soil imported and collected has proved remarkably fertile, and the climate being excellent, the island has obtained the name of the "Diamond of the Mediterranean." It is very useful as a refreshing station and place to take in coals on the way to India, via the Suez Canal. The Maltese are a hardy race, and make excellent sailors. Hongkong is an island off the coast of China, near the mouth of the Canton river; its name signifies "fragrant streams." Its chief importance is as a depot for collecting the produce of China to send to England, and to sell the manufactures of England to the inhabitants of the country near it. St. Helena is a small rocky islet in the Atlantic Ocean. It has, since the construction of the Suez Canal, lost its importance, as it was useful for ships going to India, to take in coals and refreshments. is still, however, of use to the ships bound for Cape Colony or Australia, It Jamaica is the chief island in the British West Indies. It is the only one of the greater Antilles |