the country was placed in the hand of the Parliament The king then raised his standard at Nottingham, and tried to get possession of Hull, but the gates were shut in his face. This led to the Civil War or Great Rebellion.

A short time (thirteen years?) before this Sir Thomas Wentworth, one of the leaders of the popular party, turn over to the King's side. Charles made him President of the North (this was a vice-regal office, corresponding with Ireland at the present time) and made him Baron Wentworth. He was then appointed Lord of Ireland, with the title of Earl of Strafford. There he worked hard on behalf of the King, designating his mode of procedure "Thorough." But he was ordered to appear before Parliament on a charge of misgovernment, and condemned and executed.

The Civil War was commenced in 1642 by the Battle of Edgehill, and continued, with varying successes, until 1647, when Charles was taken prisoner by the Scottish army, who handed him over to the English for £30,000.

The principal battles were Naseby, Marston Moor, Atherton Moor, Roundway Down, Lansdowne, Nantwich, Naseby. The King was kept prisoner at several castles in England, among them being Holmby House, Hurst Castle (from which he escaped), Carisbrooke Castle, and the Tower.

The government then passed into the hands of the army, and the House of Commons ordered the King to be brought to trial on a charge of high treason against the people, committed by waging war against them. He was found guilty, before a Court erected by the government, with Serjeant Bradshaw at its head, and ordered to be executed-which sentence was carried out before Whitehall Palace on the 30th January, 1649.

He nothing humble (should be "common") did or mean,
Upon that memorable scene;

But with his keener eye

The axe's edge did try;

Then on the block he laid his head
As though it was upon his bed.

OBSERVATIONS.

One or two examples of bad style in the above answer are printed in larger type than the rest as a warning to Pupil Teachers to abstain, with a caution amounting to timidity, from using fine language-and metaphors of the exact appropriateness of which they cannot be sure, Some of the errors in fact, also, which are, unfortunately, numerous, are italicised and readers will do well to consult their history-books and find out and correct for themselves the inaccuracies noted. In enumerating the principal battles of the Civil War, the first "Naseby" probably stands for Newbury, and the repitition of the word in the list may be an indication that the P. T. was aware that two important collisions took place in the neighbourhood of Newbury. It was from Hampton Court, and not from Hurst Castle, that the King made his escape-he was taken better care of at the Hurst Castle stage of his adventures. The canny Scots, too, made a better bargain than the P. T. imagines, when they were, unfortunately, 'compelled by circumstances' to sell their King. But the least satisfactory part of the answer is the confusion of ideas which it shows respecting the number and succession of the parliaments, and the intervals between them. It may be said of the times of Charles I. more truly, perhaps, than of any other period in our annals, that the history of the parliaments is the history of the reign; and one of them, at least, stands out in every complete picture of that age, with the distinct, and, as it were, personal

character belonging to an individual rather than to an aggregate of politicians and parties.

The handwriting has some good qualities, but it is not very legible, and is disfigured by unnecessary flourishes.

It will be remembered that, by the results of this year's examination mainly, it is decided whether a Pupil Teacher is or is not entitled to a Provisional Certificate, enabling him or her to take immediate charge of a small school. This decision turns chiefly upon a point with which we have here no concern, namely, skill in teaching, maintaining discipline, and school-keeping. It may, however, be understood that marks for paper-work falling below 65 per cent. would require to be compensated for by evidences of such a degree of practical professional ability as is not commonly found, in order to give the candidate for a P. C. a reasonable claim.

To conclude, then, with a general estimate of the paper under review. Assuming, as before, 100 as the maximum number of marks obtainable, and 60 as a minimum for a pass, our Pupil Teacher would probably get for

MUSIC.

By JOHN HULLAH, Esq., H.M. INSPECTOR.

THE Pupil Teachers' Examination Papers in Music are, and have been since they were first put forth, the simplest conceivable. Great pains have been taken, in varying them month after month, to keep them so. I have seen few answers to questions in other subjects, and have, therefore, no means of forming an estimate of their average merit; but I should learn with surprise that they showed any approach in incorrectness and absurdity to those which have come before me in reference to Music. It is possible, though improbable, that questions set in Tonic Sol-fa Notation, with which some Pupil Teachers are possibly more familiar than with the Established, might be somewhat better answered.

The Music questions are not so set, for the simple reason that, of the forty English Training Colleges for admission to which the majority of Pupil Teachers are supposed to be preparing, in only four is the Tonic Sol-fa Notation used at all, and in no one is it used exclusively. Of the 5250 papers returned after the last Government Examination of Students in Training Colleges and Acting Teachers, 385 only were in Tonic Sol-fa Notation.

The Pupil Teachers' Music Papers for February last were as follows:-There are, as usual, three questions for each "year." To each of these a set of answers, neither better nor worse than the majority, is given, from the same district, accompanied by such remarks have been suggested by them.

END OF FIRST YEAR.

1. Write over each of the following notes its pitch name (C, D, Do, Re, or other) and under each its duration name (crotchet, quaver, or other).

Sol.

Do.

Mi.

Re.

Crochet.

Minim.

Quaver.

Semibreve.

2. Complete a as a scale of D (Re), and b as a scale of B flat

3.

Write in a as many crochets as are equal to two minims, in b as many quavers as are equal to four crotchets, and in c as many minims as are equal to a dotted semibreve.

No. I is correctly answered. The answer to No. 2 shows an entire ignorance of what should be the subject of one of the very earliest lesson in music, the construction of a major scale. Without an understanding of this-an easy matter enough of itself— no certainty is attainable in sounding notes written or named, or in naming them when sounded; nor indeed