The American House-carpenter: A Treatise on the Art of Building, and the Strength of Materials

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Wiley and Halsted, 1874 - 444 σελίδες

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Σελίδα 77 - And Cain knew his wife; and she conceived, and bare Enoch: and he builded a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch.
Σελίδα 37 - AB of the circle into as many equal parts as the polygon is to have sides. With the points A and B as centers and radius AB, describe arcs cutting each other at C.
Σελίδα 305 - In oak, ash, or elm, the whole length of the scarf should be six times the depth or thickness of the beam, when there are no bolts.
Σελίδα 121 - ... than of a cone. This figure is the joint result of two calculations, independent of beauty of appearance. One of these is, that the form best adapted for stability of base is that of a cone ; the other is, that the figure, which would be of equal strength throughout for supporting a superincumbent weight, would be generated by the revolution of two parabolas round the axis of the column, the vertices...
Σελίδα 120 - ... cylindrical, but, since the lower part must support the weight of the superior part, in addition to the weight which presses equally on the whole column, the thickness should gradually decrease from bottom to top. The outline of columns should be a little curved, so as to represent a portion of a very long spheroid, or paraboloid, rather than of a cone. This figure is the joint result of two calculations, independent of beauty of appearance. One of these is, that the form best adapted for stability...
Σελίδα 127 - ... in this case, they partake of the nature of perpendicular walls, and are acted upon by the spreading force of the parts above them. The dome of St. Paul's church, in London, and some others of similar construction, are bound with chains or hoops of iron, to prevent them from spreading at bottom. Domes which are made of wood depend, in part, for their strength, on their internal carpentry. The Halle du Bled, in Paris, had originally a wooden dome more than 200 feet in diameter, and only one foot...
Σελίδα 123 - Walls of all kinds are greatly strengthened by angles and curves, also by projections, such as pilasters, chimneys and buttresses. These projections serve to increase the breadth of the foundation, and are always to be made use of in large buildings, and in walls of considerable length.
Σελίδα 58 - The circumference of every circle is supposed to be divided into 360 equal parts, called degrees ; and each degree into 60 equal parts, called minutes ; and each minute into 60 equal parts, called seconds ; and these into thirds, etc.
Σελίδα 125 - ... of it is necessarily superfluous, since no greater portion can act in supporting a weight above it, than can be included between two curved or arched lines. Besides the arches already mentioned, various others are in use. The acvte or lancet arch, much «sed in Gothic architecture, is described usually from two centres outside the arch.
Σελίδα 122 - ... inner half of the wall being completed with brick ; so that they can in reality be considered only as brick walls faced with stone. Such walls are said to be liable to become convex outwardly, from the difference in the shrinking of the cement. Rubble walls, are made of rough, irregular stones laid in mortar.

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