Sallust and Valerius Maximus have recorded the patriotism of the Philani, two Carthaginian brothers, who perished in defence of the boundaries of their country, and were buried in the sand. Two altars, called Philanorum are, were erected on the spot; and, though no vestiges of them are remaining, Dr. Della Cella fixes them at the farthest boundary of the gulph. He discovered a species of architecture near Encab, of an extraordinary character, being excavations from the bowels of the mountain; and on one of the buildings he observed an inscription in letters with which he was unacquainted. He might, however, have copied the characters, and it is not impossible that some person might be found capable of decyphering them. ̈ ́?

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Enamoured of the climate and country of the Cyrenaica, the author strongly urges the expediency and policy of planting European colonies in those favored regions. Majestic rains, scattered on every side, marked the approach to the spot where the celebrated city of Cyrene once stood; and the road was obstructed by ruined forts, sarcophagi, and sepulchres. These ruins were picturesquely embellished by flowery clusters of that beautiful plant the Oleander. (Nerium Oleander, Linn.) An aqueduct might be easily traced; and the remains of a considerable one near Cyrene, which had been partly cut out from the rock and partly raised on arches, were still visible but the site itself once occupied by this celebrated eity of the Pentapolis furnishes a rich repast to the lover of antiquity."

I have just been walking along what was probably one of its most considerable streets, cut out of the solid rock, and flanked by a long succession of square sepulchres about ten feet in height, excavated also in the rock. Amongst them are some of much larger dimensions, constructed of hewn stone, covered in, and as far as the effects of time and weather allow me to judge, probably surmounted by statues. Several rows of niches, destined to receive the mortal remains of the deceased, are cut on two sides of the interior walls of these sepulchres. Upon the rocky side of one of the streets I found the word ПIко engraved in large characters; and although this inscription naturally gives rise to a conjecture that this street was particularly appropriated to races, the wheel-ruts deeply cut in the rocky soil could not fail of exciting both surprise and consideration. The Cyreneans were extremely eminent for their equestrian talents, and especially for their skill in charioteering, in both which exercises they so far excelled all the neighbouring nations, that they sought to perpetuate the fame of this national pre-eminence by medals, one of which, found among these ruins, I carefully preserved, having on one side a wheel, with the scarcely legible word KTPANA, and upon

the

the reverse a horse galloping. I have since ascertained that not only this but all the streets which remain open to view in the vicinity of the town are deeply marked with ruts, which the nature. of the stone and the solitude of the place have united to preserve.

་་

The water which fell at Cyrene during the rainy season, appears to have been collected and conveyed through various channels in the streets to spacious basins excavated at no great distance on each side. This attention to the distribution of water, and the numerous reservoirs, aqueducts, and basins, observable not only among the ruins of the city, but upon the declivities of the sur rounding hills, induce me to think that whatever waters fell upon the heights, and whatever flowed from the soil, were alike carefully collected, preserved, and distributed as occasion might require."

The famous fountain of Apollo at Cyrene, ennobled by the strains of Callimachus, still pours out its streams from the rock: but the most remarkable, of these ruins are the sepulchres dug out of the hill, which has the appearance, from its being perpendicularly cut from the summit to the base, of an immense building, the apertures of the tomb resembling open windows. Of some of these sepulchres the, cielings were painted with garlands of leaves, serpents entwined, &c. &c., and the colours were so fresh as to seem rather invigora ted than enfeebled by time.

Having visited the supposed ruins of Apollonia, a sea-port of the Cyreneans, called by the Arabs Marza-Susa, the Doctor is positive as to its identity, not only from the magnificent relics of its architecture, (concerning which, however, he is wholly silent,) but from its position, which coincides with the statement of the old geographers. The calcareous rock of the Cyrenaica is generally uniform in its composition, but varies on the tops of the mountains, their fracture being irregular and earthy, and their colour white, or yellow. It is, however, less hard than carbonated charcoal. The rock is as full of shells at the base as at the summit; chiefly bivalves, among which the carden and the pecten predominate.

The Bey of Tripoli, whom the author accompanied on his military expedition against his rebellious brother, does not shine as a warlike personage, though he is not deficient in his pretensions as a murderer. When the rebel fell back, he advanced but, when the former maintained or returned to his post, he did not attempt to molest him. In the middle of June, however, intelligence being brought to him at Cyrene that his brother had fled for refuge to the gulph of Bomba, on the frontier of Egypt, his courage again rose, and he gave instant orders for pursuing him. The writer describes the march to Derna, but had no opportunity of examining the bay between Apollonia and that place, which he supposes A a 3

to

to have been the Naustadmos, or naval station of the Cyreneans. From Derna, the rebel-prince having deserted his troops and escaped to Cairo, the army marched towards the gulph of Bomba; a vast bay bounded on the west by lofty mountains, which form Cape Razat, and slope by a gentle acclivity towards the east. This is said by geographers to be the harbour of Menelaus.

Several precious relics of antiquity are scattered round Bengasi, which Dr. Della Cella is inclined to identify with the antient Berenice; and among them are gems and intaglios of exquisite workmanship, and in the highest preservation. Rossoni, the British vice-consul at Bengasi, has a fine and valuable collection of them. The following remarks deserve the attention of the antiquary..

Some of the gems in this valuable collection seem to represent the arms or ensigns of different cities; and we know that in ancient works there is often much similarity between the coins and the intaglios. Two boys dancing under palm and olive trees are certainly allusive to the Cyrenaica; a trident between two dolphins might belong to the maritime station of Naustadmos; and that of Apollonia appears plainly indicated upon an agate, with a swan holding to its mouth a bent instrument like a trumpet, and having opposite to it a star and the letters AII cut upon the margin, Apollonia still continues to bear the name of the god who in the shape of a swan carried off and bore away to the Lybian shore Cyrene the daughter of Ipseus.

I am unable to ascertain to which of these maritime towns of Greek origin belongs an emerald bearing, in intaglio, under an olive-branch, an Ibis, an insect like a bee or fly, and below them a head with a top-knot. Be not surprised if I place the Egyptian Ibis in cities of Greek origin; I have already expressed my belief that the Greeks who landed and settled here borrowed much from their Egyptian neighbours; and the more I study their monuments of antiquity, the more am I confirmed in my opinion. You may be convinced of it by examining the hundred and fifty wax impressions, which M. Rossoni permitted me to take from these gems, and which will accompany this letter; and I especially call your attention to a small sardonyx, having the head of the ram Ammon upon a column. Greece never erected an altar to that divinity of pure, pastoral, and Lybian origin; but the Greeks of the Cyrenaica did not disdain to bend before the god of the shepherds who wandered among the adjacent mountains, and they only took care to dress the divinity in the Greek fashion. Among the numerous occupations of Mercury during his romantic life, that of a shepherd was one; Grecian vanity gratified itself by affecting to discover in the Lybian ram the worship of Mercury and my conjecture on this subject is proved to be founded, by the Caduceus engraved at the foot of the column which supports the head of the Ammonian ram.

'Virgil engrafted the rustic mythology of Latium upon that of the Greeks; and though poetry thus acquired an inexhaustible fund of beauty, the traces of the primitive times in Italy were strangely disturbed and confounded by it. The more attentively an experienced eye examines these gems, the more frequently will the habiliments of the Greek mythology be found upon an Egyptian ground. Many will be remarked to belong to a period too remote for any connexion with Greece, as is proved by the divinities and other symbols engraved upon them, as well as by that rude workmanship which betrays the infancy of an art.'

We have now extracted the principal topics which we thought would interest the student of antiquity in Dr. Della Cella's expedition along the northern coast of Africa. As we have already remarked, the route went through a country once embellished with the most splendid monuments of antient art, and our article has on this account arrived at a length beyond proportion to the size of the work:-but, after all, it is rather a scanty repast which the Doctor has served up to us, and it has disappointed our appetite like the Barmecide's entertainment in the oriental tale. Still it is impossible that the journey of a man of science and of reading, as the writer is, over such a track, though he may have executed his task imperfectly as an author, should not excite the curiosity of those readers who are devoted to similar researches.

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ART. III. Miscellaneous Works of the Right Honourable Henry Grattan. 8vo. 12s. Boards. Longman and Co. 1822. A SHORT time since, (vol. xcviii. p. 113.) we noticed at considerable length the "Speeches" of this celebrated orator and statesman, which were edited by his son. We are not told to whom we are indebted for the volume before us, which contains some of the early productions of Mr. Grattan's pen, -the vernal blossomings of that singular genius, which was destined afterward to exercise so resistless a sway over the minds and feelings of his country: but we are sorry to observe that the publication bears infallible marks of the bookmaking system. It contains three hundred and eighty-eight pages, of which the Appendix occupies two hundred and ninety-three. If our readers feel some curiosity to know the contents of an appendix which, like the postscript to the Irishman's letter, so much exceeds the size of the book, they will smile when they are told that, with indefatigable industry, the columns of old Dublin news-papers have been ransacked for the materials which the editor has crammed into this lumber-room. First we have an abstract of the effective

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fective men who served in the different volunteer-corps of Ireland in 1782; then the proceedings of the several guilds who voted their freedom to Mr. Grattan, and the answers of that gentleman; addresses from the volunteers and other public bodies, with Mr. Grattan's replies; the Poyning's law, and the act of George the First, with the act of repeal at full length; the proceedings of the Irish Whig Club, and the Catholic Board; addresses and speeches at the general elections of 1790, 1806, and 1818, &c. &c.

Yet we are thankful to the compiler for having rescued from oblivion a few specimens of the youthful talents of this celebrated man, which are interesting not only because they bear the stamp and impress of a great mind, but because they testify his early attention to the affairs of his country, and exhibit the first indications of the patriotic zeal which continued to glow in his bosom with so steady and consistent a warmth throughout a life dedicated to its service. Of these the most striking are two letters, forming part of a series of papers which appeared in Ireland during Lord Townshend's government, and obtained considerable reputation. They were first published in the year 1772 in the Freeman's Journal, and afterward collected in a single volume, intitled "Baratariana ;" a name taken from Sancho Pança's celebrated government, and under that similitude giving a narrative of Lord Townshend's viceroyship. Those of our readers who are conversant in Irish history will probably recollect some of the most obnoxious measures of that nobleman's administration, particularly his conduct in proroguing the Irish parliament, and forcing on the House of Lords his protest against the proceedings of the Commons in rejecting a money-bill, which had been altered by the privy-council. Sir Hercules Langrishe, Mr. Flood, Mr. Parker Bushe, and Mr. Grattan, were the principal authors of the work. The dedication of the papers to Lord Townshend, by Mr. Grattan, reminds us in many respects of Junius: but it abounds with petty ornaments, which the severer taste of that popular writer would have rejected as incongruous with the grave and dignified tone of his remonstrance, and as impediments to the impetuous torrent of his invective. We quote a specimen of its style and spirit.

In this kingdom, my Lord, from the time of your arrival in it, you were contented to degrade yourself below the condition, I will not say of a viceroy, but of a gentleman, and to become the miserable instrument of English tyranny. Through you, the little minister of the day, whoever he happened to be, played upon our constitution; and, unfortunately, the engine that he used was

directed,