1. To divide 52 dollars 68 cents, equally, among 6 persons, what sum must be given to each? Ans. 8 dols. 78 cents. 2. If 8 pounds of coffee cost 2 dollars 4 cents, what is the price of 1 pound? Ans. 25 cts. 3. Bought 29 yards of fine linen for 65 dollars 25 cents. What was the price per yard? Ans. 2 dols. 25 cts. 4. Paid 58 dollars 75 cents for 235 yards of muslin. What was it per yard? Ans. 25 cts. 5. If 103 bushels of wheat cost 225 dollars 57 cents; how much is it a bushel? Ans. 2 dols. 19 cts. 6. Sold 144 yards of fine linen for 90 dollars. How much is that per yard? Ans. 62 cts. PROMISCUOUS EXAMPLES. 1. If I add the following sums, viz. 556 dollars 18 cents; 825 dollars 12 cents; and 1000 dollars; and subtract from their amount 125 dollars: what sum will result? Ans. 2256 dols. 31 cts. 184 cents from 456 dolremainder by 4, what Ans. 1326 dols. 25 cts. 3. A person has 200 dollars. He owes his tailor 65 dollars 87 cents; his shoemaker, 25 dollars 75 cents; and his hatter 18 dollars. What sum will he have remaining, after paying these debts? Ans. 90 dols. 37 cts. 2. If I subtract 125 dollars lars 75 cents, and multiply the sum will result? 4. Purchased 10 bushels of potatoes at 564 cents per bushel; 2 bushels of corn at 87 cents per bushel; and 2 barrels of flour at 8 dollars per barrel. What is the amount of the whole? Ans. 23 dols. 37 cts. 5. Calculate the amount of articles in the following bill: SIMPLE REDUCTION. Reduction is the changing of a sum or quantity, from one denomination to another, without increasing or lessening its value. Simple reduction is the reducing of sums or quantities which nave but a single denomination. When a sum or quantity is to be changed to a lower denomination than its own, work by Multiply the sum or quantity by that number of the lower denomination which makes one of its own.† (See notes 1, 2, and 3.) If there are one or more denominations between the denomination of the given sum or quantity, and that to which it is to be changed: first change it to the next lower than its own, and then to the next lower, and so See notes 4 and 5. on. ENGLISH MONEY. The denominations of English Money are pound, shilling, penny, and farthing. 4 farthings (gr.) make 1 penny 12 pence 20 shillings - 1 shilling d. S. £ Farthings are written as fractions, thus: one farthing. two farthings, or a halfpenny. EXAMPLES. Note 1.-To reduce pounds to shillings, multiply them by 20, because every pound makes 20 shillings. 1. Reduce 15 pounds to shillings. Facit 300 shillings. 15 20 300 shillings. 2. Reduce 256 pounds to shillings. Facit 5120 s. * The reason of this rule is plain: for, if it take twenty shillings to make one pound, it must take 5 times 20 shillings to make five pounds; and to find how many 5 times twenty are, we may either multiply 20 by 5, or 5 by 20. Likewise, if it take 4 pecks to make one bushel, it must take 6 times 4 pecks to make 6 bushels, &c. †One denomination is said to be lower than another, when it is of less value; and higher, when it is of greater value: thus, a shilling is a lower denomination than a pound; and a higher denomination than a penny. D pence. Facit 720 d. Facit 1440 d. Note 2.-To reduce shillings to pence, multiply them by 12, because every shilling makes 12 3. Reduce 60 shillings to pence. 4. Bring 120 shillings to pence. Note 3.To reduce pence to farthings, multiply them by 4, because every penny makes 4 farthings. 5. Reduce 350 pence to farthings. Facit 1400 qrs. 6. Change 4560 pence to farthings. Facit 18240 qrs. Note 4. To reduce shilling to farthings, change them first to pence, and then change those pence to farthings. 7. Reduce 10 shillings to farthings. Facit 480 qrs. 8. Bring 115 shillings to farthings. Facit 5520 qrs. Note 5.-To reduce pounds to farthings, reduce them first to shillings; then change those shillings to pence; and then change those pence to farthings. 9. Reduce 5 pounds to farthings. Facit 4800 qrs. 10. Bring 76 pounds to farthings. Facit 72960 qrs. FEDERAL MONEY. The denominations of Federal Money have already been given. EXAMPLES. Note 1.-To reduce dollars to cents, multiply them by 100; or, which is the same thing, annex two cyphers to their number. 1. Reduce 50 dollars to cents. 2. Reduce 125 dollars to cents. 3. Bring 5560 dollars to cents. Facit 5000 cts. Facit 12500 cts. Facit 556000 cts. Note 2. To reduce cents to fourths or quarters of a cent, multiply them by 4;-to halves, multiply them by 2;-to thirds, multiply them by 3, &c. 4. Reduce 25 cents to fourths or quarters of a cent. Facit 100 fourths. 5. Reduce 256 cents to fourths of a cent. Facit 1024 fourths. 6. Reduce 45 cents to half cents. Facit 90 halves. 7. Bring 145 cents to thirds of a cent. Facit 435 thirds. Note 3. To reduce dollars to fourths, halves, or thirds of a cent, &c.—first bring them to cents; and then bring those cents to fourths, or halves, &c. 8. Reduce 12 dollars to fourths of a cent. Facit 4800 fourths. 9. Bring 122 dollars to halves of a cent. Facit 24400 halves. 10. Bring 54 dollars to thirds of a cent. Note 4. Facit 16200 thirds. To reduce dollars to mills, multiply them by 1000; or, which is the same thing, annex three cyphers to their number. 11. Reduce 26 dollars to mills. 12. Bring 150 dollars to mills. Facit 26000 m. Facit 150000 m. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. By this weight are weighed things of a coarse, drossy nature, that are bought and sold by weight, and all metals but silver and gold. The denominations of Avoirdupois Weight are ton, hundred-weight, quarter, pound, ounce, and dram, 16 drams (dr.) 16 ounces make 1 ounce 1 pound 02. lb.. 1 quarter of a cwt. 1 ton EXAMPLES. T. 1. Reduce 27 tons to hundred weights. Facit 540 C.wt. 2. Bring 45 hundred weight to quarters. 3. Bring 250 quarters to pounds. TROY WEIGHT. Facit 180 qr. Facit 7000 76. Facit 1216 oz. Facit 640 dr. Facit 17920 lb. Facit 1146880 dr. By this weight, jewels, gold, silver, and liquors are weighed. The denominations of Troy Weight are pound, ounce, pennyweight, and grain. 24 grains (gr.) make 1 pennyweight dut. 20 pennyweights 12 ounces 1 ounce 1. Reduce 576 pounds to ounces. Oz. lb. Facit 6912 oz. |